Solar power in Japan explained
Solar power in Japan has been expanding since the late 1990s. The country is a major manufacturer and exporter of photovoltaics (PV) and a large installer of domestic PV systems, with most of them grid connected.[1]
Solar power has become an important national priority since the country's shift in policies toward renewable energy after the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster in 2011.[2] [3] Japan was the world's second largest market for solar PV growth in 2013 and 2014, adding a record 6.97 GW and 9.74 GW of nominal nameplate capacity, respectively. By the end of 2017, cumulative capacity reached 50 GW, the world's second largest solar PV installed capacity, behind China.[4] [5]
In line with the significant rise in installations and capacity, solar power accounted for 9.9% of Japan's national electricity generation in 2022, up from 0.3% in 2010.[6]
Solar manufacturing industry
Japanese manufacturers and exporters of photovoltaics include Kyocera, Mitsubishi Electric, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Sanyo, Sharp Solar, Solar Frontier, and Toshiba.
Government action
Feed-in tariff
The Japanese government is seeking to expand solar power by enacting subsidies and a feed-in tariff (FIT). In December 2008, the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry announced a goal of 70% of new homes having solar power installed, and would be spending $145 million in the first quarter of 2009 to encourage home solar power.[7] The government enacted a feed-in tariff on November, 2009 that requires utilities to purchase excess solar power sent to the grid by homes and businesses and pay twice the standard electricity rate for that power.[8]
On June 18, 2012, a new feed-in tariff was approved, of 42 Yen/kWh. The tariff covers the first ten years of excess generation for systems less than 10 kW, and generation for twenty years for systems over 10 kW. It became effective July 1, 2012.[9] In April 2013, the FIT was reduced to 37.8 Yen/kWh.[10] The FIT was further reduced to 32 Yen/kWh in April 2014.[11]
In March 2016, a new feed-in tariff was approved for electricity generated by photovoltaic power.The Procurement Price Calculation Committee compiled and publicized recommendations concerning the FY 2016 purchase prices and the periods to which they apply. Respecting the recommendations, METI finalized these as follows:
- Non-household customers (10 kW or more): reduced from 27 yen/kWh to 24 yen/kWh.
- Household customers (10 kW or less) was reduced from 33 yen/kWh to 31 yen/kWh when generators are not required to have output control equipment installed. When generators are required to have output control equipment installed the price was reduced from 35 yen/kWh to 33 yen/kWh.[12]
Residential PV feed-in tariffs for systems below 10 kW were updated in 2017 to values between JPY24/kWh to JPY28/kWh depending on the circumstances. These were due to remain unchanged until 2019.
The most recent FIT only concerns non-residential solar power plants. The new non-residential FIT was due to reduce in 2017 from JPY21/kWh in 2017 to JPY18/kWh for facilities certified in and after April 2018.[13]
Targets
The government set solar PV targets in 2004 and revised them in 2009:[14]
- 28 GW of solar PV capacity by 2020
- 53 GW of solar PV capacity by 2030
- 10% of total domestic primary energy demand met with solar PV by 2050
The targets set for 2020 were surpassed in 2014, and the target for 2030 was surpassed in 2018.
As of July 2021, Japan was aiming at 108 GW of solar capacity by 2030. In May 2021, the Japanese Trade Ministry said that Japan may require up to 370 GW of solar capacity by 2050 to reach the goal of cutting carbon emissions to zero.[15]
Photovoltaics installed capacity and generation
Installed PV capacity (in MW)Year
End | Total
Capacity | Yearly
Installation | Share of national electricity demand |
|---|
| align=center | 1992 | 19.0 | n/a | |
| align=center | 1993 | 24.3 | 5.3 | |
| align=center | 1994 | 31.2 | 6.9 | |
| align=center | 1995 | 43.4 | 12.2 | |
| align=center | 1996 | 59.6 | 16.2 | |
| align=center | 1997 | 91.3 | 31.7 | |
| align=center | 1998 | 133 | 41.7 | |
| align=center | 1999 | 209 | 76 | |
| align=center | 2000 | 330 | 121 | |
| align=center | 2001 | 453 | 123 | |
| align=center | 2002 | 637 | 184 | |
| align=center | 2003 | 860 | 223 | |
| align=center | 2004 | 1,132 | 272 | |
| align=center | 2005 | 1,422 | 290 | |
| align=center | 2006 | 1,709 | 287 | |
| align=center | 2007 | 1,919 | 210 | |
| align=center | 2008 | 2,144 | 225 | |
| align=center | 2009 | 2,627 | 483 | |
| align=center | 2010 | 3,618 | 991 | 0.3%[16] |
| align=center | 2011 | 4,914 | 1,296 | 0.5%[17] |
| align=center | 2012[18] | 6,632 | 1,718 | 0.7%[19] |
| align=center | 2013 | 13,599 | 6,967 | 1.4%[20] |
| align=center | 2014 | 23,339 | 9,740 | 2.4%[21] |
| align=center | 2015 | 34,150 | 10,811 | 3.5%[22] |
| align=center | 2016 | 42,040 | 8,600 | 4.9% |
| align=center | 2017 | 49,500 | 7,000 | 5.9%[23] |
| align=center | 2018 | 56,162 | 6,500 | 6.8%[24] |
| 2019 | 63,192 | | 7.6%[25] |
| 2020 | 71,868 | | |
| 2021 | 78,413 | | |
| 2022[26] | 83,057 | | |
| 2023[27] | 87,068 | | |
| Source: EPIA and IEA-PVPS. All nominal capacity figures are reconverted from WAC to Wp.[28] [29] | | |
|---|
See also
External links
Notes and References
- Web site: Cumulative Installed Solar Photovoltaics Capacity in Leading Countries and the World, 2000-2013. Earth Policy Institute. June 18, 2014. 2014-09-03.
- Web site: Solar Energy in Japan – Summary. GENI. 7 May 2012.
- News: Japan Spurs Solar, Wind Energy With Subsidies, in Shift From Nuclear Power . Chisaki Watanabe . August 26, 2011 . Bloomberg .
- Web site: Snapshot of Global Photovoltaic Markets 2017. 19 April 2017 . 27 April 2017 . PDF . report . International Energy Agency.
- Pv-magazine FEBRUARY 15, 2018. "Japan will likely install 6 GW to 7.5 GW (DC) of solar in 2018, from about 7 GW in 2017..."
- Web site: Share of electricity production from solar: Japan. Our World In Data. 2023. 2023-12-18.
- Web site: Japan renews focus on solar power - UPI.com. UPI. 8 February 2024.
- Web site: Japan's Solar Panel Sales Rise to Record on Subsidy (Update1). https://web.archive.org/web/20100213161720/http://www.businessweek.com/news/2010-02-09/japan-s-solar-panel-sales-rise-to-record-on-subsidy-update1-.html. dead. February 13, 2010. Soto, Shigeru. BusinessWeek. 2010-02-09. 2010-09-10.
- Web site: Japan Approves Feed-in Tariffs . 2012-07-01 . 2014-04-07 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140407114459/http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/news/article/2012/06/japan-approves-feed-in-tariffs . dead .
- Web site: Bloomberg Profile. www.bloomberg.com. 8 February 2024.
- News: Japan Cuts Subsidy for Solar Power, Boosts Offshore Wind. Chisaki Watanabe. Bloomberg.com. Bloomberg News. March 2014. 2014-04-02.
- Web site: Settlement of FY 2016 Purchase Prices and FY 2016 Surcharge Rates under the Feed-in Tariff Scheme for Renewable Energy（METI）. 2017-12-02. 2021-10-24. https://web.archive.org/web/20211024033808/https://www.meti.go.jp/english/press/2016/0318_03.html. dead.
- Web site: Japan to slash feed-in-tariffs for solar plants this year. AsianPower. 19 February 2018 . 25 March 2018.
- Web site: National survey report of PV Power Applications in Japan 2009 . . Masamichi . Yamamoto . Osamu . Ikki. International Energy Agency. 2010-05-28. 2017-04-02.
- Web site: Every Roof in Japan Could Have Solar Panels in the Future . . 6 July 2021.
- Web site: Masamichi Yamamoto & Osamu Ikki. 2011-07-15. National Survey Report of PV Power Applications in Japan - 2010. 2015-08-14. International Energy Agency.
- Web site: Hiroyuki Yamada & Osamu Ikki. 2012-05-31. National Survey Report of PV Power Applications in Japan - 2011. 2015-08-14. International Energy Agency.
- https://irena.org/-/media/Files/IRENA/Agency/Publication/2022/Apr/IRENA_RE_Capacity_Statistics_2022.pdf Capacity statistics 2022
- Web site: Hiroyuki Yamada & Osamu Ikki. 2014-08-27. National Survey Report of PV Power Applications in Japan - 2013. 2015-08-14. International Energy Agency.
- Web site: Hiroyuki Yamada & Osamu Ikki. 2014-08-27. National Survey Report of PV Power Applications in Japan - 2013. 2014-09-03. International Energy Agency.
- Web site: Hiroyuki Yamada & Osamu Ikki. 2015-07-10. National Survey Report of PV Power Applications in Japan - 2014. 2015-08-14. International Energy Agency.
- Web site: iea-pvps.org - National Reports. 2016-07-20. www.iea-pvps.org.
- Web site: Home. IEA-PVPS. 8 February 2024.
- Web site: Home. IEA-PVPS. 8 February 2024.
- https://www.irena.org/-/media/Files/IRENA/Agency/Publication/2021/Apr/IRENA_RE_Capacity_Statistics_2021.pdf Capacity statistics 2021
- https://www.developmentaid.org/api/frontend/cms/file/2024/03/IRENA_RE_Capacity_Statistics_2024.pdf
- https://www.developmentaid.org/api/frontend/cms/file/2024/03/IRENA_RE_Capacity_Statistics_2024.pdf
- Web site: National Survey Report of PV Power Applications in Japan - 2012 - Third Version . International Energy Agency . 2013-06-10 . 2014-04-13.
- Web site: Global 2013 solar installs hit 37GW: EPIA . PV-Tech . 2014-03-06 . 2014-04-13.
