Soft landing explained

A soft landing is any type of aircraft, rocket or spacecraft landing that does not result in significant damage to or destruction of the vehicle or its payload, as opposed to a hard landing. The average vertical speed in a soft landing should be about 2m (07feet) per second or less.^[1] A soft landing can be achieved by

• Parachute—often this is into water.
• Vertical rocket power using retrorockets, often referred to as VTVL (vertical landing referred to as VTOL, is usually for aircraft landing in a level attitude, rather than rockets) — first achieved on a suborbital trajectory by Bell Rocket Belt and on an orbital trajectory by the Surveyor 1.
• Horizontal landing, most aircraft and some spacecraft, such as the Space Shuttle, land this way accompanied with a parachute.
• Being caught in midair, as done with Corona spy satellites and followed by some other form of landing.
• Reducing landing speed by impact with the body's surface, known as lithobraking.

See also

• List of landings on extraterrestrial bodies

Notes and References

1. News: Sreedhar . Vidya . 2023-08-23 . Chandrayaan-3 Effect! These 7 space-related stocks scale 52-week highs . The Economic Times . 2023-08-27 . 0013-0389.