Sodium-dependent multivitamin transporter explained

Sodium-dependent multivitamin transporter is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC5A6 gene.^{[1] [2] [3]}

The SMVT is a transporter for pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) and biotin (vitamin B7) at the blood–brain barrier.^[4] It is also a transporter for alpha lipoic acid^[5] and iodide. Transport of these nutrients is competitive^[6] and a surplus of a given nutrient may saturate the transporter and prevent the uptake of other nutrients.

Further reading

• Prasad PD, Wang H, Huang W, Fei YJ, Leibach FH, Devoe LD, Ganapathy V . Molecular and functional characterization of the intestinal Na+-dependent multivitamin transporter . Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics . 366 . 1 . 95–106 . June 1999 . 10334869 . 10.1006/abbi.1999.1213 .
• Zempleni J, Steven Stanley J, Mock DM . Proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells causes increased expression of the sodium-dependent multivitamin transporter gene and increased uptake of pantothenic acidopen star . The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry . 12 . 8 . 465–473 . August 2001 . 11834205 . 10.1016/S0955-2863(01)00162-0 .
• Dey S, Subramanian VS, Chatterjee NS, Rubin SA, Said HM . Characterization of the 5' regulatory region of the human sodium-dependent multivitamin transporter, hSMVT . Biochimica et Biophysica Acta . 1574 . 2 . 187–92 . March 2002 . 11955628 . 10.1016/s0167-4781(02)00226-9 .
• Balamurugan K, Ortiz A, Said HM . Biotin uptake by human intestinal and liver epithelial cells: role of the SMVT system . American Journal of Physiology. Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology . 285 . 1 . G73-7 . July 2003 . 12646417 . 10.1152/ajpgi.00059.2003 .
• Balamurugan K, Vaziri ND, Said HM . Biotin uptake by human proximal tubular epithelial cells: cellular and molecular aspects . American Journal of Physiology. Renal Physiology . 288 . 4 . F823-31 . April 2005 . 15561972 . 10.1152/ajprenal.00375.2004 .
• Otsuki T, Ota T, Nishikawa T, Hayashi K, Suzuki Y, Yamamoto J, Wakamatsu A, Kimura K, Sakamoto K, Hatano N, Kawai Y, Ishii S, Saito K, Kojima S, Sugiyama T, Ono T, Okano K, Yoshikawa Y, Aotsuka S, Sasaki N, Hattori A, Okumura K, Nagai K, Sugano S, Isogai T . 6 . Signal sequence and keyword trap in silico for selection of full-length human cDNAs encoding secretion or membrane proteins from oligo-capped cDNA libraries . DNA Research . 12 . 2 . 117–26 . 2007 . 16303743 . 10.1093/dnares/12.2.117 . free .
• Luo S, Kansara VS, Zhu X, Mandava NK, Pal D, Mitra AK . Functional characterization of sodium-dependent multivitamin transporter in MDCK-MDR1 cells and its utilization as a target for drug delivery . Molecular Pharmaceutics . 3 . 3 . 329–39 . 2006 . 16749865 . 2553563 . 10.1021/mp0500768 .
• Reidling JC, Nabokina SM, Said HM . Molecular mechanisms involved in the adaptive regulation of human intestinal biotin uptake: A study of the hSMVT system . American Journal of Physiology. Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology . 292 . 1 . G275-81 . January 2007 . 16959947 . 10.1152/ajpgi.00327.2006 . 575953 .
• Reidling JC, Said HM . Regulation of the human biotin transporter hSMVT promoter by KLF-4 and AP-2: confirmation of promoter activity in vivo . American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology . 292 . 4 . C1305-12 . April 2007 . 17135299 . 10.1152/ajpcell.00360.2006 .

Notes and References

1. Prasad PD, Wang H, Kekuda R, Fujita T, Fei YJ, Devoe LD, Leibach FH, Ganapathy V . 6 . Cloning and functional expression of a cDNA encoding a mammalian sodium-dependent vitamin transporter mediating the uptake of pantothenate, biotin, and lipoate . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 273 . 13 . 7501–6 . March 1998 . 9516450 . 10.1074/jbc.273.13.7501 . free .
2. Wang H, Huang W, Fei YJ, Xia H, Yang-Feng TL, Leibach FH, Devoe LD, Ganapathy V, Prasad PD . 6 . Human placental Na+-dependent multivitamin transporter. Cloning, functional expression, gene structure, and chromosomal localization . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 274 . 21 . 14875–83 . May 1999 . 10329687 . 10.1074/jbc.274.21.14875 . free .
3. Web site: Entrez Gene: SLC5A6 solute carrier family 5 (sodium-dependent vitamin transporter), member 6.
4. Uchida Y, Ito K, Ohtsuki S, Kubo Y, Suzuki T, Terasaki T . Major involvement of Na(+) -dependent multivitamin transporter (SLC5A6/SMVT) in uptake of biotin and pantothenic acid by human brain capillary endothelial cells . Journal of Neurochemistry . 134 . 1 . 97–112 . July 2015 . 25809983 . 10.1111/jnc.13092 . 37721695 . free .
5. Quick M, Shi L . The sodium/multivitamin transporter: a multipotent system with therapeutic implications . Vitamins and Hormones . 98 . 63–100 . 2015 . 25817866 . 5530880 . 10.1016/bs.vh.2014.12.003 .
6. Chirapu SR, Rotter CJ, Miller EL, Varma MV, Dow RL, Finn MG . High specificity in response of the sodium-dependent multivitamin transporter to derivatives of pantothenic acid . Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry . 13 . 7 . 837–42 . 31 March 2013 . 23578027 . 10.2174/1568026611313070006 .