Rhagionidae Explained

Rhagionidae or snipe flies are a small family of flies.They get their name from the similarity of their often prominent proboscis that looks like the beak of a snipe.^[1]

Description

Rhagionidae are medium-sized to large flies with slender bodies and stilt-like legs. The mouthparts are adapted for piercing and many species are haematophagous as adults, while others are predatory on other insects. They are typically brown and yellow flies, and lack bristles. The larvae are also predatory and are mostly terrestrial, although some are aquatic.^[2]

Snipe flies in the genus Rhagio are sometimes called "down-looker" flies after their habit of perching head-downward on tree trunks.

Classification

The family is contained in Brachycera infraorder Tabanomorpha, and several of its constituent groups have been recently elevated to family rank. Atherix (and related genera) now comprise the Athericidae, Vermileo (and related genera) now comprise the Vermileonidae, and the genera Austroleptis and Bolbomyia are each now the sole members of their own families (Austroleptidae and Bolbomyiidae).^[3]

List of subfamilies and genera

Arthrocerinae Williston, 1886

• Arthroceras Williston, 1886^[4] - Nearctic, Palearctic

Chrysopilinae Bezzi, 1903^[5]

• Chrysopilus Macquart, 1826^[6] - Nearctic, Palearctic, Afrotropic, Neotropic, Oriental
• Schizella Bezzi, 1926^[7] - Philippines
• Stylospania Frey, 1954^[8] - Philippines

Rhagioninae Latreille, 1802

• Arthroteles Bezzi, 1926^[9] - Afrotropic
• Atherimorpha White, 1914^[10] - Australasia, Neotropic, Afrotropic
• Desmomyia Brunetti, 1912^[11] - Palearctic, Oriental
• Rhagio Fabricius, 1775^[12] - Nearctic, Palearctic
• Sierramyia Kerr, 2010 ^[3] - Nearctic/Neotropic

Spaniinae Frey, 1954^[8]

• Litoleptis Chillcott, 1963^[13] - Nearctic, Oriental, Neotropic
• Omphalophora Becker, 1900^[14] - Palearctic, Nearctic
• Palaeoarthroteles Kovalev & Mostovski, 1997^[15]
• Ptiolina Staeger in Zetterstedt, 1842^[16] - Nearctic, Palearctic
• Spania Meigen, 1830^[17] - Nearctic, Palearctic
• Spaniopsis White, 1914^[10] - Australasia
• Symphoromyia Frauenfeld, 1867^[18] - Nearctic, Palearctic

Incertae sedis

• Alloleptis Nagatomi & Saigusa in Nagatomi, 1982^[19] - Sulawesi

See also

• Use of DNA in forensic entomology

Further reading

• Bezzi, M. 1928. Diptera Brachycera and Athericera of the Fiji Islands based on material in the British Museum (Natural History). British Museum (Natural History), London. viii + 220 pp.
• Lindner, E 1924–1925. Rhagionidae in Die Fliegen der Paläarktischen Region 4 (20) 1–49. Keys to genera and species.
• Stuckenberg, B., 1960. Diptera (Brachycera): Rhagionidae. S.Afr. anim. Life 7: 216–308 Keys to genera and species.
• Stuckenberg, B., 1965. The Rhagionidae of Madagascar (Diptera). Ann.Natal Mus. 18:89–170. Keys to genera and species.
• Leonard, M. D., 1930. A revision of the Dipterous family Rhagionidae (Leptidae) in the United States and Canada, Memoirs of the American Entomological Society 7:1–181.^[20]
• Malloch, J. R., 1932. Rhagionidae, Therevidae. British Museum (Natural History). Dept. of Entomology [eds] Diptera of Patagonia and South Chile, based mainly on material in the British Museum (Natural History). Part V. Fascicle 3. - Rhagionidae (Leptidae), Therevidae, Scenopinidae, Mydaidae, Asilidae, Lonchopteridae. pp. 199–293.
• Nagatomi, A. & Soroida, K., 1985. The structure of the mouthparts of the orthorrhaphous Brachycera (Diptera) with special reference to blood-sucking. Beitr. Ent. 35 (2): 263–368, 480.

References

• Web site: Rhagionidae . L. Watson and M. J. Dallwitz . British Insects: the Families of Diptera . 2007-04-09.
• Web site: Rhagionidae . https://web.archive.org/web/20051031044325/http://www.faunaeur.org/full_results.php?id=10950 . dead . October 31, 2005 . . 2007-07-02.
• Web site: Nomina — Diptera: P–S . Nearctica . 1998 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20080517200012/http://www.nearctica.com/nomina/diptera/dipp-s.htm#anchor186958 . 2008-05-17 .
• Web site: A Check List of Japanese Insects.

External links

• Web site: . Brachycera.
• Rhagio mystaceus Rhagio diagnostic photographs

Notes and References

1. https://uwm.edu/field-station/snipe-fly/ Snipe Fly (Family Rhagionidae)
2. Watson & Dallwitz
3. Kerr . Peter H. . Phylogeny and classification of Rhagionidae, with implications for Tabanomorpha (Diptera: Brachycera) . Zootaxa . 2010 . 2592 . 1 . 1–133.
4. Williston . S.W. . On two interesting genera of Leptidae . Entomologica Americana . 1886 . 2 . 105–108.
5. Bezzi . M. . Orthorrhapha Brachycera. 396 pp. In Becker, T., Bezzi, M., Bischof, J., Kertesz, K. & Stein, P. (eds.) . Katalog der palaarktischen Dipteren . 1903 . 2 . 1–396.
6. Macquart . P.J.M. . Insectes diptères du nord de la France. Asiliques, bombyliers, xylotomes, leptides, stratiomyides, xylophagites et tabaniens . Mem. Soc. Sci. Agric. Arts, Lille . 1826 . 1825 . 324–499, 3 pls.
7. Bezzi . M. . Studies in Philippine Diptera. II. . Monogr. Philipp. Bur. Sci. . 1916 . 10 . 1–59, 1 pl . 30 November 2022.
8. Frey . R. . Studien über ostasiatische Dipteren. III. Rhachiceridae, Rhagionidae, Hilarimorphidae . Notul. entomol. . 1954 . 34 . 1–25.
9. Bezzi . M. . South African Rhagionidae (Diptera) in the South African Museum . Annals of the South African Museum . 1926 . 23 . 297–324 . 3 June 2022.
10. White . A. . The Diptera-Brachycera of Tasmania. Part I. Families Leptidae, Stratiomyidae, Nemestrinidae, & Cyrtidae. Pap . Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania . 1914 . 1914 . 35–74. 10.5962/bhl.part.19950 . free .
11. Brunetti . E. . New Oriental Diptera. I . Records of the Indian Museum . 1912 . 7 . 445–513, pl. 37 . 14 November 2022.
12. Book: Fabricius . J.C. . Systema entomologiae, sistens insectorum classes, ordines, genera, species, adiectis synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, observationibus. . 1775 . Kortii . Flensbvrgi et Lipsiae [= Flensburg & Leipzig] . [32] + 832 . 20 February 2021.
13. Chillcott . J.G. . A new genus of Rhagionidae (Diptera) with notes and description of Bolbomyia Loew . The Canadian Entomologist . 1963 . 95 . 1185–1190.
14. Becker . T. . Die Leptiden-Formen im Gebiete der Europaisch-Asiatischen und Mittelmeer-Fauna . Entomologische Nachrichten . 1900 . 26 . 97–116 . 1 December 2022.
15. Kovalev . V.G. . Mostovski . M.B. . A new genus of rhagionid-flies (Diptera, Rhagionidae) from Mesozoic deposits of the Eastern Transbaikalia . Paleont. Zhur. . 1997 . 5 . 86–90.
16. Book: Zetterstedt . J.W. . Diptera Scandinaviae disposita et descripta. Tomus primus . 1842 . Officina Lundbergiana . Lundae [= Lund.]. . iii-xvi + 1–440 . 22 October 2022.
17. Book: Meigen JW . Systematische Beschreibung der bekannten europäischen zweiflügeligen Insekten. (Volume 6) . Schulz-Wundermann . 1830 . de . https://web.archive.org/web/20120209085519/https://dlib.stanford.edu:6521/text1/dd-ill/insekten6.pdf . 2012-02-09 .
18. Frauenfeld . G.R. von . Zoologische Miscellen XI. . Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien. . 1867 . 17 . 425–502, pl. 12 . 29 January 2021.
19. Nagatomi . A. . Saigusa . T. . [New genus] p. 40. In Nagatomi, A. 1982. The genera of Rhagionidae (Diptera). Journal of Natural History . 1982 . 16 . 31–70.
20. Leonard . Mortimer D. . A revision of the dipterous family Rhagionidae (Leptidae) in the United States and Canada . Memoirs of the American Entomological Society . 1930 . 7 . 1–181, 3 pls . 23 June 2022.