The Sydney Morning Herald Explained

The Sydney Morning Herald
Motto:Independent. Always.
Type:Daily newspaper
Owner:Nine Entertainment Co.
Publisher:Nine Entertainment Co.
Editor:Bevan Shields[1]
Depeditor:Liam Phelan
Assoceditor:Deborah Snow
Maneditor:Monique Farmer
Sportseditor:Ben Coady
Photoeditor:Mags King
Staff:700+
Political:Centre
Language:English
Headquarters:1 Denison Street, North Sydney, Australia
Circulation:231,232 (2018)[2]
Readership:808,000 (weekly)[3]
Sister Newspapers:
Issn:0312-6315
Oclc:226369741

The Sydney Morning Herald (SMH) is a daily tabloid newspaper published in Sydney, Australia, and owned by Nine. Founded in 1831 as the Sydney Herald, the Herald is the oldest continuously published newspaper in Australia and claims to be the most widely-read masthead in the country.[3] The newspaper is published in compact print form from Monday to Saturday as The Sydney Morning Herald and on Sunday as its sister newspaper, The Sun-Herald and digitally as an online site and app, seven days a week.[4] It is considered a newspaper of record for Australia.[5] [6] The print edition of The Sydney Morning Herald is available for purchase from many retail outlets throughout the Sydney metropolitan area, most parts of regional New South Wales, the Australian Capital Territory and South East Queensland.

Overview

The Sydney Morning Herald publishes a variety of supplements, including the magazines Good Weekend (included in the Saturday edition of The Sydney Morning Herald); and Sunday Life. There are a variety of lift-outs, some of them co-branded with online classified-advertising sites:

The executive editor is James Chessell and the editor is Bevan Shields. Tory Maguire is national editor, Monique Farmer is life editor, and the publisher is chief digital and publishing officer Chris Janz.

Former editors include Darren Goodsir, Judith Whelan, Sean Aylmer, Peter Fray, Meryl Constance, Amanda Wilson (the first female editor, appointed in 2011),[7] William Curnow,[8] Andrew Garran, Frederick William Ward (editor from 1884 to 1890), Charles Brunsdon Fletcher, Colin Bingham, Max Prisk, John Alexander, Paul McGeough, Alan Revell, Alan Oakley, and Lisa Davies.

History

The Sydney Herald was founded in 1831 by three employees of the now-defunct Sydney Gazette: Ward Stephens, Frederick Stokes, and William McGarvie. A Centenary Supplement (since digitised) was published in 1931.[9] The original four-page weekly had a print run of 750. The newspaper began to publish daily in 1840, and the operation was purchased in 1841 by an Englishman named John Fairfax who renamed it The Sydney Morning Herald the following year.[10] Fairfax, whose family were to control the newspaper for almost 150 years, based his editorial policies "upon principles of candour, honesty and honour. We have no wish to mislead; no interest to gratify by unsparing abuse or indiscriminate approbation."

Donald Murray, who invented a predecessor of the teleprinter, worked at the Herald during the 1890s.[11] A weekly "Page for Women" was added in 1905, edited by Theodosia Ada Wallace.[12]

The SMH was late to the trend of printing news rather than just advertising on the front page, doing so from 15 April 1944. Of the country's metropolitan dailies, only The West Australian was later in making the switch. The newspaper launched a Sunday edition, The Sunday Herald, in 1949. Four years later, this was merged with the newly acquired Sun newspaper to create The Sun-Herald, which continues to this day.

By the mid-1960s, a new competitor had appeared in Rupert Murdoch's national daily The Australian, which was first published on 15 July 1964.

John Fairfax & Sons Limited commemorated the Herald's 150th anniversary in 1981 by presenting the City of Sydney with Stephen Walker's sculpture, Tank Stream Fountain.[13]

In 1995, the company launched the newspaper's web edition smh.com.au.[14] The site has since grown to include interactive and multimedia features beyond the content in the print edition. Around the same time, the organisation moved from Jones Street to new offices at Darling Park and built a new printing press at Chullora, in the city's west. The SMH later moved with other Sydney Fairfax divisions to a building at Darling Island.

In May 2007, Fairfax Media announced it would be moving from a broadsheet format to the smaller compact or tabloid-size, in the footsteps of The Times, for both The Sydney Morning Herald and The Age.[15] After abandoning these plans later in the year, Fairfax Media again announced in June 2012 its plan to shift both broadsheet newspapers to tabloid size, with effect from March 2013.[16] Fairfax also announced it would cut staff across the entire group by 1,900 over three years and erect paywalls around the papers' websites.[17] The subscription type was to be a freemium model, limiting readers to a number of free stories per month, with a payment required for further access.[18] The announcement was part of an overall "digital first" strategy of increasingly digital or on-line content over printed delivery, to "increase sharing of editorial content," and to assist the management's wish for "full integration of its online, print and mobile platforms."[17]

It was announced in July 2013 that the SMH news director, Darren Goodsir, would become editor-in-chief, replacing Sean Aylmer.[19]

On 22 February 2014, the Saturday edition was produced in broadsheet format for the final time, with this too converted to compact format on 1 March 2014,[20] ahead of the decommissioning of the printing plant at Chullora in June 2014.[21]

In June 2022, the paper received global coverage and backlash to an attempted outing of Australian actress Rebel Wilson by columnist Andrew Hornery, and the subsequent defence of his since-deleted column by editor Bevan Shields; Wilson pre-empted the Hornery disclosure with an Instagram post confirming her relationship.[22] [23] [24]

Daily Life Woman of the Year

In 2012, Woman of the Year (WOTY) awards were created by the editor of the Daily Life section, Sarah Oakes, inspired by the sexism faced by former prime minister Julia Gillard. Winners were selected as the result of voting by the public as well as a panel of judges appointed by Fairfax. Winners have included:[25]

Editorial stance

The contemporary editorial stance of the Sydney Morning Herald is generally centrist.[29] It has been described as the most centrist of Australia's three major news publications (the others being The Australian and The Age). In 2004, the newspaper's editorial page stated: "market libertarianism and social liberalism" were the two "broad themes" that guided the Heralds editorial stance.[30] During the 1999 referendum on whether Australia should become a republic, the Herald (like the other two major papers) strongly supported a Yes vote.[31] It also endorsed the Yes vote for the 2023 Australian Indigenous Voice referendum.[32]

The Sydney Morning Herald did not endorse the Labor Party for federal office in the first six decades of Federation, always endorsing a conservative government.[30] The newspaper has since endorsed Labor in seven federal elections: 1961 (Calwell), 1984 and 1987 (Hawke), 2007 (Rudd), 2010 (Gillard),[33] [34] 2019 (Shorten),[35] and 2022 (Albanese).[36]

During the 2004 Australian federal election, the Herald did not endorse a party,[30] [33] but subsequently resumed its practice of making endorsements.[33] After endorsing the Coalition at the 2013[37] and 2016 federal elections,[38] the newspaper endorsed Bill Shorten's Labor Party in 2019, after Malcolm Turnbull was ousted as prime minister.[35]

At the state level, the Herald has consistently backed the Coalition; the only time since 1973[39] that it has endorsed a Labor government for New South Wales was Bob Carr's government in the 2003 election, though it declined to endorse either party three times during this period.[33] The Herald endorsed Democratic candidate Hillary Clinton in the run-up for the 2016 U.S. presidential election.[40]

The Herald endorsed the Liberal-National Coalition in the run-up for the 2023 New South Wales state election.[41]

In May 2023, the Herald opposed the extradition of former WikiLeaks editor Julian Assange to the United States, with the newspaper conducting a poll that found 79% oppose Assange's extradition to the United States.[42]

Myall Creek coverage & apology

As The Sydney Herald, the newspaper's editorial stance at times reflected racist attitudes within the colony, with the paper urging squatters across Australia to emulate the mass killing of Native Americans. The front page of the paper on December 26, 1836 read: "If nothing but extermination will do, they will exterminate the savages as they would wild beasts."[43] In the wake of the Myall Creek massacre in which at least twenty-eight unarmed Wirraayaraay men, women and children were murdered by a group of white stockmen, the paper published a long letter from a squatter in defence the killings.[44] The squatter described the Indigenous inhabitants of Australia as "the most degenerate, despicable, and brutal race of beings in existence", writing: "they will, and must become extinct – civilization destroys them – where labor and industry flourish, they die!"[45] The Herald's editorialisation on the trials contrasted with other newspapers which were more respectful on the matter and on the notion of Aboriginal Australians being protected under the law as British subjects, the same as settlers. In 2023, the paper apologised for its coverage of the massacre and the subsequent trials of the perpetrators.[46]

Notable contributors

Writers

Illustrators

List of journalists

Current journalists

, John McDonald is art critic for the paper.[51] The below is a list of The Sydney Morning Herald's current journalists.

!Name!Role!Other roles!Start year at Nine / Fairfax
James MassolaNational affairs editor[52] Previously South-East Asia correspondent
Callan BoysGood Food Guide editor (SMH)Restaurant critic for Good WeekendGood Food writer
Paul SakkalFederal political reporterSame role at The Age
Lisa VisentinFederal political reporterSame role at The Age
Angus ThompsonFederal political reporter (industrial relations)Same role at The Age
Monique FarmerNational Managing EditorSame role at The Age

Former journalists

The below is a list of The Sydney Morning Herald's former journalists.

Ownership

See main article: Nine Entertainment, Fairfax Media and Conrad Black.

Fairfax went public in 1957 and grew to acquire interests in magazines, radio, and television. The group collapsed spectacularly on 11 December 1990 when Warwick Fairfax, who was the great-great-grandson of John Fairfax, attempted to privatise the group by borrowing $1.8 billion. The group was bought by Conrad Black before being re-listed in 1992. In 2006, Fairfax announced a merger with Rural Press, which brought in a Fairfax family member, John B. Fairfax, as a significant player in the company.[53] From 10 December 2018, Fairfax Media merged into Nine Entertainment, making the paper a sister to the Nine Network's TCN station.[54] This reunited the paper with a television station; Fairfax had been the founding owner of ATN, which became the flagship of what became the Seven Network.

Content

Column 8

Column 8 is a short column to which Herald readers send their observations of interesting happenings. It was first published on 11 January 1947.[55] The name comes from the fact that it originally occupied the final (8th) column of the broadsheet newspaper's front page. In a front-page redesign in the lead-up to the Sydney Olympic Games in 2000, Column 8 moved to the back page of the first section from 31 July 2000.[56] As at February 2024, the column is the final column on the Opinion (editorial and letters) pages.

The content tends to the quirky, typically involving strange urban occurrences, instances of confusing signs (often in Engrish), word play, and discussion of more or less esoteric topics.[57]

The column is also sometimes affectionately known as Granny's Column, after a fictional grandmother who supposedly edited it.[55] The column's original logo was a caricature of Sydney Deamer, originator of the column and its author for 14 years.[56]

It was edited for 15 years by George Richards, who retired on 31 January 2004.[55] [58] Other editors besides Deamer and Richards have been Duncan Thompson, Bill Fitter, Col Allison, Jim Cunningham, Pat Sheil, and briefly, Peter Bowers and Lenore Nicklin.[58] The column is, as of March 2017, edited by Herald journalist Tim Barlass, who frequently appends reader contributions with puns; and who made the decision to reduce the column's publication from its traditional six days a week, down to just weekdays.[59]

Opinion

The Opinion section is a regular of the daily newspaper, containing opinion on a wide range of issues. Mostly concerned with relevant political, legal and cultural issues, the section presents work by regular columnists, including Herald political editor Peter Hartcher, Ross Gittins, as well as occasional reader-submitted content. Iconoclastic Sydney barrister Charles C. Waterstreet, upon whose life the television workplace comedy Rake is loosely based, had a regular humour column in this section.

Good Weekend

Good Weekend was launched in May 1978, as a Saturday magazine appearing in both SMH and The Canberra Times.[60] The editor was Valerie Lawson, and Cyprian Fernandes was founding chief sub-editor.[61] [62]

It is now distributed with both The Sydney Morning Herald and The Age in Saturday editions. It contains, on average, four feature articles written by its stable of writers and others syndicated from overseas as well as sections on food, wine, and fashion. Writers include Stephanie Wood, Jane Cadzow, Melissa Fyfe, Tim Elliott, Konrad Marshall, and Amanda Hooton.

Other sections include "Modern Guru", which features humorous columnists including Danny Katz responding to the everyday dilemmas of readers; a Samurai Sudoku; and "The Two of Us", containing interviews with a pair of close friends, relatives or colleagues.

Good Weekend is edited by Katrina Strickland. Previous editors include Ben Naparstek, Judith Whelan (2004–2011)[63] and Fenella Souter.

Digitisation

The paper has been partially digitised as part of the Australian Newspapers Digitisation Program project of the National Library of Australia.[64] [65] [66]

See also

Further reading

External links

Notes and References

  1. News: Samios . Zoe . 1 December 2021 . Bevan Shields named editor of The Sydney Morning Herald . live . The Sydney Morning Herald . https://web.archive.org/web/20220125071427/https://www.smh.com.au/national/nsw/bevan-shields-named-editor-of-the-sydney-morning-herald-20211201-p59dqm.html . 25 January 2022 .
  2. Web site: Newspapers continue slump in latest audited circulation figures . Wallbank . Paul . 20 February 2019 . Mumbrella . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20200421203446/https://mumbrella.com.au/newspapers-continue-slump-in-latest-audited-circulation-figures-566392 . 21 April 2020 .
  3. News: The Sydney Morning Herald is the country's largest masthead . 3 January 2023 . Sydney Morning Herald . 21 November 2022 . 3 January 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230103080337/https://www.smh.com.au/business/companies/the-sydney-morning-herald-is-the-most-read-masthead-in-the-country-20221118-p5bzif.html . live .
  4. Web site: 2020-09-28. The Sydney Morning Herald digital editions. 2020-09-28. S Media. en. 11 February 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210211181852/http://todayspaper.smedia.com.au/smh/default.aspx. live.
  5. Web site: Journals of Record – Measure of Quality, or Dead Concept?. Centre for Advancing Journalism, University of Melbourne. 6 May 2014. Simons, Margaret. Buller, Bradley . https://web.archive.org/web/20140125015402/http://jeaa.org.au/file/file/Simons%20and%20Buller%20-%20Journals%20of%20record(1).pdf. 25 January 2014. dead. December 2013.
  6. News: What We're Reading. 6 May 2014. The New York Times. 14 October 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20150218205653/http://dinersjournal.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/10/14/what-were-reading-290/?_php=true&_type=blogs&_r=0. live. 18 February 2015.
  7. News: Herald appoints first woman editor in its 180-year history . Dick. Tim. 11 January 2011. The Sydney Morning Herald. 23 November 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171202132335/http://www.smh.com.au/business/media-and-marketing/herald-appoints-first-woman-editor-in-its-180year-history-20110110-19l78.html. 2 December 2017. live.
  8. [John Langdon Bonython]
  9. News: The Sydney Morning Herald Centenary Supplement 1831 – April 18th – 1931. 1831. The Sydney Morning Herald. 20 April 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160921181405/http://www.smh.com.au/cqstatic/gj1ymc/centenary%20%281%29.pdf. 21 September 2016. dead.
  10. News: The Sydney Morning Herald Australian newspaper. Encyclopedia Britannica. 4 September 2017. en. https://web.archive.org/web/20170904212804/https://www.britannica.com/topic/The-Sydney-Morning-Herald. 4 September 2017. live.
  11. http://oztypewriter.blogspot.com.au/2012/03/new-zealands-donald-murray-father-of.html New Zealand's Donald Murray: The Father of the Remote Typewriter
  12. Encyclopedia: Wallace, Theodosia Ada (1872–1953) . Australian Dictionary of Biography . Arrowsmith . Robyn . 2005 . 14 October 2014.
  13. Web site: Tank Stream Fountain City Art Sydney. 2021-08-25. www.cityartsydney.com.au. 25 August 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210825043530/https://www.cityartsydney.com.au/artwork/tank-stream-fountain/. live.
  14. Web site: Australian Breaking News Headlines & World News Online. The Sydney Morning Herald. 23 November 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20110223223429/http://www.smh.com.au/. 23 February 2011. live.
  15. News: 'Smage' journos must adapt . The Australian . 5 July 2011 . 3 May 2007 . Tabakoff, Nick .
  16. News: Souter. Gavin. History makes way for compact future. 1 March 2013. The Sydney Morning Herald. 1 March 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130302155321/http://www.smh.com.au/national/history-makes-way-for-compact-future-20130228-2f8xj.html. 2 March 2013. live.
  17. Web site: Zappone. Chris. Fairfax to shed 1900 staff, erect paywalls. The Sydney Morning Herald. 18 June 2012. 18 June 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120619054053/http://www.smh.com.au/business/fairfax-to-shed-1900-staff-erect-paywalls-20120618-20ix1.html. 19 June 2012. live.
  18. News: Fairfax moves to 'freemium' model. Simpson. Kirsty. 18 June 2012. The Sydney Morning Herald. 18 June 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120620214628/http://www.smh.com.au/business/media-and-marketing/fairfax-moves-to-freemium-model-20120618-20jgq.html. 20 June 2012. live.
  19. News: New Sydney Morning Herald Editor-in-Chief announced. The Sydney Morning Herald. 30 July 2013. 30 July 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130801162832/http://www.smh.com.au/nsw/new-sydney-morning-herald-editorinchief-announced-20130730-2qwwc.html. 1 August 2013. live.
  20. News: Fairfax to complete transition to compact. Homewood. Sarah. 28 January 2014. The Newspaper Works. 25 February 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140228162945/http://www.thenewspaperworks.com.au/fairfax-to-complete-transition-to-compact/. 28 February 2014. live.
  21. News: Full stop for Chullora print plant after 19 years. Elliot. Tim. 7 June 2014. The Sydney Morning Herald. 7 June 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140607014736/http://www.smh.com.au/nsw/full-stop-for-chullora-print-plant-after-19-years-20140606-39ojz.html. 7 June 2014. live.
  22. News: Bad press: the Rebel Wilson debacle that rocked SMH to its core. Meade. Amanda. 17 June 2022. The Guardian. 19 June 2022. 19 June 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220619000510/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2022/jun/18/bad-press-the-rebel-wilson-debacle-that-rocked-smh-to-its-core. live.
  23. News: 'Our reputation is trashed': anonymous staffer criticises SMH management over Rebel Wilson coverage. Meade. Amanda. 13 June 2022. The Guardian. 14 June 2022. 13 June 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220613212514/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2022/jun/13/our-reputation-is-trashed-anonymous-staffer-criticises-smh-management-over-rebel-wilson-coverage. live.
  24. News: Whoopi Goldberg joins international backlash over Sydney Morning Herald's treatment of Rebel Wilson. Shepherd. Tory. 14 June 2022. The Guardian. 14 June 2022. 14 June 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220614054540/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2022/jun/14/whoopi-goldberg-joins-international-backlash-against-sydney-morning-heralds-treatment-of-rebel-wilson. live.
  25. Web site: Price . Jenna . Rosie Batty is Daily Life's Woman of the Year 2014 . The Sydney Morning Herald . 17 December 2014 . 20 April 2023 . 20 April 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230420080620/https://www.smh.com.au/lifestyle/rosie-batty-is-daily-lifes-woman-of-the-year-2014-20141217-128uzq.html . live .
  26. Web site: Brissenden . Michael . Victim of ADFA Skype sex scandal to take legal action against Defence Force . ABC News . 4 November 2013 . 20 April 2023 . 20 April 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230420082544/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-11-04/adfa-sykpe-sex-scandal-daniel-mcdonald-adf/5068630 . live .
  27. Web site: Gillian Triggs named 2015 Woman of the Year . . 7 December 2015 . 20 April 2023 . 20 April 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230420082545/https://humanrights.gov.au/about/news/gillian-triggs-named-2015-woman-year . live .
  28. Web site: Dumas . Daisy . Daily Life 2016 Woman of the Year: Mariam Veiszadeh . The Sydney Morning Herald . 5 December 2016 . 20 April 2023 . 20 April 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230420082544/https://www.smh.com.au/lifestyle/daily-life-2016-woman-of-the-year-mariam-veiszadeh-20161205-gt4bkw.html . live .
  29. Andrea L. Everett, Humanitarian Hypocrisy: Civilian Protection and the Design of Peace Operations (Cornell University Press, 2017), p. 253: "SMH ... is also generally seen as the most politically centrist of the three largest-circulation non-tabloid newspaper [in Australia]: SMH, the Australian, and the Age)."
  30. News: Editorial: It's time for a vote of greater independence . The Sydney Morning Herald . 7 October 2004 . 26 March 2007 . https://web.archive.org/web/20071019042039/http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2004/10/07/1097089491671.html . 19 October 2007 . live.
  31. [Mark McKenna (historian)|Mark McKenna]
  32. https://amp.smh.com.au/politics/federal/we-have-nothing-to-be-afraid-of-in-voting-yes-20231010-p5eb5i.html
  33. Lisa Davies, Why the Herald does editorials and why they can be controversial, Sydney Morning Herald (March 27, 2019).
  34. News: Editorial: The more they stay the same … . The Sydney Morning Herald . 24 November 2007 . 31 January 2008 . https://web.archive.org/web/20071209194806/http://www.smh.com.au/news/editorial/the-more-they-stay-the-same-8230/2007/11/23/1195753304670.html . 9 December 2007 . live.
  35. News: NT News breaks ranks as only News Corp paper to endorse Bill Shorten. Meade. Amanda. The Guardian. 17 May 2019. 24 July 2020. 17 May 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190517221045/https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2019/may/17/nt-news-breaks-ranks-as-only-news-corp-paper-to-endorse-bill-shorten. live.
  36. Web site: View . The Herald's . 2022-05-19 . Why the Morrison government does not deserve another term . 2022-05-19 . The Sydney Morning Herald . en . 19 May 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220519213902/https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/why-the-morrison-government-does-not-deserve-another-term-20220516-p5alsi.html . live .
  37. News: Editorial: Australians deserve a government they can trust . The Sydney Morning Herald . 6 September 2013 . 21 November 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140520050108/http://www.smh.com.au/comment/smh-editorial/australians-deserve-a-government-they-can-trust-20130905-2t7wm.html . 20 May 2014 . live.
  38. Fergus Hunter, Federal election 2016: Daily newspapers unanimously back Turnbull Coalition, Sydney Morning Herald (July 1, 2016).
  39. Web site: View . The Herald's . 2023-03-23 . Both leaders are decent, smart and capable but one offers a more ambitious vision for NSW . 2023-03-24 . The Sydney Morning Herald . en . 24 March 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230324025904/https://www.smh.com.au/politics/nsw/both-leaders-are-decent-smart-and-capable-but-one-offers-a-more-ambitious-vision-for-nsw-20230321-p5ctwp.html . live .
  40. News: Donald Trump should quit presidential race . The Sydney Morning Herald . Fairfax Media . 10 October 2016 . 18 January 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171022033204/http://www.smh.com.au/comment/smh-editorial/donald-trump-should-quit-presidential-race-20161009-gryhw1.html . 22 October 2017 . live.
  41. Web site: Both leaders are decent, smart and capable but one offers a more ambitious vision for NSW . 23 March 2023 . 24 March 2023 . 24 March 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230324025904/https://www.smh.com.au/politics/nsw/both-leaders-are-decent-smart-and-capable-but-one-offers-a-more-ambitious-vision-for-nsw-20230321-p5ctwp.html . live .
  42. Web site: The time has come to end the sorry Julian Assange saga . 12 May 2023 . 21 June 2023 . 2 July 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230702123642/https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/the-time-has-come-to-end-the-sorry-julian-assange-saga-20230511-p5d7t4.html . live .
  43. The Sydney Herald, 26 December 1836, p. 1.
  44. David Marr, Killing for Country (2023) Black Inc., p. 86.
  45. The Sydney Herald, 19 September 1838, p. 4.
  46. Web site: View . The Herald's . 2023-06-09 . The Herald has a proud history of telling Australia’s story. But on Myall Creek, we failed dismally . 2024-07-20 . The Sydney Morning Herald . en.
  47. Web site: Behind the lines. Year's best political cartoons. 2007. National Museum of Australia. 18 September 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160927223234/http://www.nma.gov.au/exhibitions/behind_the_lines_2007_the_years_best_cartoons/about_the_artists. 27 September 2016. live.
  48. Web site: Behind the lines. Year's best political cartoons. 2008. National Museum of Australia. 18 September 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160529214717/http://www.nma.gov.au/exhibitions/behind_the_lines_2008_the_years_best_cartoons/about_the_artists. 29 May 2016. live.
  49. Web site: Behind the lines. Year's best political cartoons. 2009. National Museum of Australia. 18 September 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160927224635/http://www.nma.gov.au/exhibitions/behind_the_lines_the_years_best_cartoons_2009/about_the_artists. 27 September 2016. live.
  50. Web site: Behind the lines. Year's best political cartoons. 2010. National Museum of Australia. 18 September 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160927224442/http://www.nma.gov.au/exhibitions/behind_the_lines_the_years_best_cartoons_2010/about_the_artists. 27 September 2016. live.
  51. Web site: John McDonald . The Sydney Morning Herald . 25 May 2024 . 28 May 2024.
  52. Web site: 2023-07-02 . James Massola . 2023-07-03 . The Sydney Morning Herald . en . 3 July 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230703123138/https://www.smh.com.au/by/james-massola-hvf20 . live .
  53. Book: Ruth Park . Ruth Park . Ruth Park's Sydney . Duffy & Snellgrove . 1999 . 978-1-875989-45-4.
  54. News: McDuling . John . 7 December 2018 . What does the Nine-Fairfax merger mean? . subscription . 9 March 2024 . The Sydney Morning Herald . . en-AU.
  55. 26.19 Granny George calls it a day. Australian Newspaper History Group Newsletter . 26 . 5 . February 2004 . 15 January 2008 . https://web.archive.org/web/20080216025302/http://www.uq.edu.au/journ-comm/docs/pastissues/anhg26.pdf . 16 February 2008.
  56. 8.37 Changes in the Herald: Who will make me smile before breakfast? . Australian Newspaper History Group Newsletter . 8 . 17–18 . August 2000 . 15 January 2008 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120415103040/http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/eserv/UQ%3A11348/anjh08.PDF . 15 April 2012.
  57. 41.26 Has the world gone mad? Column 8 at 60 . Australian Newspaper History Group Newsletter . 41 . 8 . February 2007 . 15 January 2008 . https://web.archive.org/web/20080216025300/http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/eserv.php?pid=UQ:12845&dsID=anhg41_07.pdf . 16 February 2008 . live.
  58. News: Alan . Ramsey . Alan Ramsey . George has moved on but his Granny still lives . The Sydney Morning Herald. 4 February 2004 . 15 January 2008 . https://web.archive.org/web/20040419220536/http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2004/02/03/1075776061127.html . 19 April 2004 . live.
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