A skateboard style refers to the way a skateboarder prefers to ride a skateboard. Skateboard styles can be broadly divided into two different categories: skateboarding to perform tricks and skateboarding as a means of transportation. Styles of skateboarding have evolved and are influenced by a number of factors including sociocultural evolution, mass media, music, technology, corporate influence and individual skill level.
The styles used by different skateboarders when riding skateboards should not be confused with skater style, the manner in which skateboarders dress or act in relation to skateboarding culture.
See main article: Freestyle skateboarding. Probably the oldest style of skateboarding, freestyle skateboarding developed from the use of skateboards as a mode of transport in the 1960s. Professional freestyle competitions often involved music and choreography and focused on fluidity and technical skill. The style changed significantly with the introduction of ollies and other tricks in the 1980s and the introduction of various obstacle elements.[1] The emphasis in freestyle is technical flat ground skateboarding. Often a freestyler will need little more than a board and a smooth, flat surface. Music and choreography have always been an essential part of the professional freestyle routine.[2] [3] [4]
See main article: Vert skateboarding. Vert skateboarding has its genesis in "pool riding" - the riding of skateboards in emptied backyard swimming pools - during the 1970s.[5] [1] It involves skateboard riders moving from the horizontal (on the ground) to the vertical (on a ramp or other incline) to perform tricks - thus "vert".[6] It is also referred to as "transition skateboarding". Skateboarders usually set-up their boards with 55mm (or larger) wheels and wider decks for more stability.[1] [7]
See main article: Street skateboarding. Street skateboarding involves the use of urban obstacles like stairs and their handrails, planter boxes, drainage ditches, park benches and other street furniture.[1] Skaters perform tricks around, on, onto or over these obstacles.[8] Skateboarders usually set-up their boards with 55mm (or smaller) wheels and narrower decks to make the board flip and spin faster and to make performing flip tricks easier.[1] [7] Skateboard parts can be individually repaired or replaced should they require maintenance.[9] [10]
Prominent professional skateboarders design and endorse professional skateboard shoes, often with their name or logo. Some of the most prolific pro skateboard shoe designers include Eric Koston,[11] [12] Daewon Song,[13] Kareem Campbell,[14] [15] Chad Muska,[16] Andrew Reynolds,[17] Marc Johnson,[18] Geoff Rowley,[19] and Anthony Van Engelen.[20] Each of them has several iconic "pro model" designs mass-produced and sold as part of endorsement contracts with various professional skate shoe manufacturers.
See main article: Skatepark. Park skateboarding encompasses a variety of sub-styles adopted by those who ride skateboards in purpose-built skate parks. Most skate parks combine halfpipes and quarterpipes with various other "vert" skateboarding features as well as "street" obstacles such as stairs, ledges, and rails. The integration of these elements produces a different skating experience.[21]
"Slalom" skateboarding is one way of showing skateboarding skills. The "one-wheel" skateboarding is a difficult style requiring balance and practice.[22]
Cruising can be achieved with any type of skateboard through general urban areas without tricks. Skateboarders in this category often use "cruisers" which are generally wider and have rubbery wheels. Cruising, similarly to Downhill Skateboarding, is often used for transportation.
See also: Street luge. Non-competition downhill skateboarding is one of the oldest styles of skateboarding and was popular in the early 1970s. Original longboards were described as being like snow skis (in terms of length).[1] Modern riders often use longboards for races, but some use regular skateboards for non-competition downhill skateboarding. There are currently two worldwide governing bodies for street luge, the International Gravity Sports Association (IGSA)[23] and the International Downhill Federation (IDF).[24] [25]