Bothriochloa Explained

Bothriochloa is a common and widespread genus of plants in the grass family native to many countries on all inhabited continents and many islands.^[1] They are often called beardgrass, bluegrass or bluestem. Some species are invasive in areas where they have been introduced.^{[2] [3]}

The etymology of the genus name Bothriochloa derives from the two ancient Greek words, meaning "small pit or trench", and or, meaning "new green shoot or blade of grass".^{[4] [5] [6]}

An specimens of Bothriochloa from Gooty Fort Hill, Andhra Pradesh, India was collected in December 2019 and identified as Bothriochloa ewartiana (Domin) C. E. Hubb. based on literature study and international correspondence with experts from Australia, Indonesia and Americas.^[7] This study adds an extended and disjunct distribution of a Far Eastern species in Asia from India.

Systematics

Species list

The following species are recognised:

• Bothriochloa alta (Hitchc.) Henrard – tall beardgrass – Americas from New Mexico to Argentina
• Bothriochloa barbinodis (Lag.) Herter– cane bluestem – USA (CO MO OK AZ CA NV UT TX NM FL SC), Mexico, El Salvador, South America (from Colombia to Paraguay)
• Bothriochloa biloba S.T.Blake – Queensland, New South Wales
• Bothriochloa bladhii (Retz.) S.T.Blake – Asia (Yemen to Caucasus to Japan to Maluku), Australia, New Guinea, Africa, Madagascar
• Bothriochloa bunyensis B.K.Simon – Queensland
• Bothriochloa campii (Swallen) De Wet – Ecuador
• Bothriochloa compressa (Hook.f.) Henrard – India, Lesser Sunda Islands
• Bothriochloa decipiens (Hack.) C.E.Hubb. – Australia
• Bothriochloa edwardsiana (Gould) Parodi – Mexico, Texas, Argentina, Uruguay
• Bothriochloa ensiformis (Hook.f.) Henrard – India
• Bothriochloa erianthoides (F.Muell.) C.E.Hubb. – Queensland, New South Wales
• Bothriochloa eurylemma M.Marchi & Longhi – Wagner – Brazil (Mato Grosso do Sul), Argentina (Entre Ríos, Chaco, Formosa, Tucumán, Salta)
  • Bothriochloa ewartiana (Domin) C.E.Hubb. – Australia, Philippines, Lesser Sunda Islands, Andhra Pradesh, India Bothriochloa exaristata (Nash) Henrard – awnless beardgrass – southern Brazil, northern Argentina, Paraguay, Bolivia, Peru, USA (TX LA)
• Bothriochloa grahamii (Haines) Bor – India
• Bothriochloa hirtifolia (J.Presl) Henrard – Mexico, Guatemala
• Bothriochloa hybrida (Gould) Gould – USA (TX LA), Mexico (from Chihuahua to Oaxaca)
• Bothriochloa imperatoides (Lillo) Herter – Rio Grande do Sul, northern Argentina, Uruguay
• Bothriochloa insculpta (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) A.Camus – sweetpitted grass – Africa, Madagascar, India, Arabian Peninsula, Spain, Sicily
• Bothriochloa ischaemum (L.) Keng – yellow bluestem – Eurasia + North Africa from Portugal + Canary Islands to Korea
• Bothriochloa kuntzeana (Hack.) Henrard – India, Nepal
• Bothriochloa laguroides (DC.) Herter – silver bluestem – Americas from Mexico to Chile
• Bothriochloa longifolia (Hack.) Bor – India
• Bothriochloa longipaniculata (Gould) Allred & Gould – longspike beardgrass – Brazil (Mato Grosso do Sul, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina), Argentina (Corrientes, Chaco, Formosa, Misiones), Paraguay, Guatemala, Mexico, USA (TX LA MS)
• Bothriochloa macra (Steud.) S.T.Blake – red – leg grass, red grass, redleg or pitted beard grass – Australia
• Bothriochloa meridionalis M.Marchi & Longhi – Wagner – Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Rio Grande do Sul
• Bothriochloa modesta (Backer) Backer & Henrard – Java, Lesser Sunda Islands
• Bothriochloa pertusa (L.) A.Camus – pitted beardgrass – China, India, Southeast Asia, Australia, islands of Indian Ocean + western Pacific
• Bothriochloa pseudischaemum (Nees ex Steud.) Henrard – India, Sri Lanka
• Bothriochloa radicans (Lehm.) A.Camus – eastern + southern Africa, Arabian Peninsula
• Bothriochloa saccharoides Rydb. – Americas from Utah to Uruguay
• Bothriochloa springfieldii (Gould) Parodi – USA (CO AZ UT TX NM LA), Mexico, Bolivia, Argentina
• Bothriochloa torreyana (Steud.) Scrivanti & Anton – southern USA (from CA to SC), Mexico, Central America, Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay
• Bothriochloa velutina M.Marchi & Longhi – Wagner – Paraná, Santa Catarina
• Bothriochloa woodrovii (Hook.f.) A.Camus – India
• Bothriochloa wrightii (Hack.) Henrard – Mexico, USA (TX NM AZ)

Former taxa

See Capillipedium, Dichanthium, Euclasta, Hemisorghum and Pseudosorghum.

The following taxa were formerly included in the genus:

See also

• List of Poaceae genera

Notes and References

1. Web site: The grass genera of the world: descriptions, illustrations, identification, and information retrieval; including synonyms, morphology, anatomy, physiology, phytochemistry, cytology, classification, pathogens, world and local distribution, and references . 2009-08-19 . Watson L, Dallwitz MJ. . 2008 . The Grass Genera of the World .
2. http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?8738,8841 Jepson Manual Treatment
3. http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=BOTHR United States Department of Agriculture Plants Profile
4. Book: Bailly, Anatole . Abrégé du dictionnaire grec français . 1981-01-01 . Hachette . 978-2010035289 . Paris . 461974285 .
5. Web site: Greek-french dictionary online . Bailly . Anatole . www.tabularium.be . October 8, 2020.
6. Web site: Ellen Dorn, Native Plants of Arizona 2004, Bothriochloa barbinodis (Lag.) Herter . 2011-12-23 . 2015-04-02 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150402090215/http://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~plants-c/bio414/species%20pages/Bothriochloa%20barbinodis.htm . dead .
7. Landge . Shahid Nawaz . Shinde . Rajendra D. . 20 August 2021 . Synopsis of the genus Bothriochloa (Poaceae: Andropogoneae) in India . Phytotaxa . 516 . 1 . 43–58 . 10.11646/phytotaxa.516.1.3 . 238722563 . Magnolia Press.