Naturally occurring silver (47Ag) is composed of the two stable isotopes 107Ag and 109Ag in almost equal proportions, with 107Ag being slightly more abundant (51.839% natural abundance). Notably, silver is the only element with all stable istopes having nuclear spins of 1/2. Thus both 107Ag and 109Ag nuclei produce narrow lines in nuclear magnetic resonance spectra.[1]
40 radioisotopes have been characterized with the most stable being 105Ag with a half-life of 41.29 days, 111Ag with a half-life of 7.43 days, and 112Ag with a half-life of 3.13 hours.
All of the remaining radioactive isotopes have half-lives that are less than an hour, and the majority of these have half-lives that are less than 3 minutes. This element has numerous meta states, with the most stable being 108mAg (half-life 439 years), 110mAg (half-life 249.86 days) and 106mAg (half-life 8.28 days).
Isotopes of silver range in atomic weight from 91.960 u (92Ag) to 132.969 u (133Ag). The primary decay mode before the most abundant stable isotope, 107Ag, is electron capture and the primary mode after is beta decay. The primary decay products before 107Ag are palladium (element 46) isotopes and the primary products after are cadmium (element 48) isotopes.
The palladium isotope 107Pd decays by beta emission to 107Ag with a half-life of 6.5 million years. Iron meteorites are the only objects with a high enough palladium/silver ratio to yield measurable variations in 107Ag abundance. Radiogenic 107Ag was first discovered in the Santa Clara meteorite in 1978.
The discoverers suggest that the coalescence and differentiation of iron-cored small planets may have occurred 10 million years after a nucleosynthetic event. 107Pd versus 107Ag correlations observed in bodies, which have clearly been melted since the accretion of the Solar System, must reflect the presence of live short-lived nuclides in the early Solar System.
|-| rowspan=2 | 92Ag| rowspan=2 | 47| rowspan=2 | 45| rowspan=2 | 91.95971(43)#| rowspan=2|1# ms
[>400 ns]| β+ | 92Pd| rowspan=2|| rowspan=2|| rowspan=2||- | p | 91Pd|-| rowspan=3 | 93Ag| rowspan=3 | 47| rowspan=3 | 46| rowspan=3 | 92.95019(43)#| rowspan=3| 228(16) ns| β+ | 93Pd| rowspan=3|9/2+#| rowspan=3|| rowspan=3| |-| p | 92Pd|-| β+, p| 92Rh|-| rowspan=2| 94Ag| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 47| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 47| rowspan=2| 93.94374(43)#| rowspan=2| 27(2) ms| β+ (>99.8%)| 94Pd| rowspan=2| 0+#| rowspan=2| | rowspan=2| |-| β+, p (<0.2%)| 93Rh |-| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 94m1Ag| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1350(400)# keV| rowspan=2|470(10) ms| β+ (83%)| 94Pd| rowspan=2|(7+)| rowspan=2|| rowspan=2| |-| β+, p (17%)| 93Rh|-| rowspan=4 style="text-indent:1em" | 94m2Ag| rowspan=4 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 6500(550)# keV| rowspan=4| 400(40) ms| β+ (~68.4%)| 94Pd| rowspan=4| (21+)| rowspan=4|| rowspan=4||-| β+, p (~27%)| 93Rh|-| p (4.1%)| 93Pd|-| 2p (0.5%)| 92Rh|-| rowspan=2|95Ag| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 47| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 48| rowspan=2|94.93569(43)#| rowspan=2|1.78(6) s| β+ (97.7%)| 95Pd| rowspan=2|(9/2+)| rowspan=2|| rowspan=2||-| β+, p (2.3%)| 94Rh|-| style="text-indent:1em" | 95m1Ag| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 344.2(3) keV| <0.5 s| IT| 95Ag| (1/2−)|||-| style="text-indent:1em" | 95m2Ag| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2531.3(15) keV| <16 ms| IT| 95Ag| (23/2+)|||-| style="text-indent:1em" | 95m3Ag| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 4860.0(15) keV| <40 ms| IT| 95Ag| (37/2+)|||-| rowspan=2|96Ag| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 47| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 49| rowspan=2|95.93074(10) | rowspan=2|4.45(3) s| β+ (95.8%)| 96Pd| rowspan=2|(8+)| rowspan=2|| rowspan=2||-| β+, p (4.2%)| 95Rh|-| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 96m1Ag| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 0(50)# keV| rowspan=2| 6.9(5) s| β+ (85.1%)| 96Pd| rowspan=2| (2+)| rowspan=2|| rowspan=2||-| β+, p (14.9%)| 95Rh|-| style="text-indent:1em" | 96m2Ag| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2461.4(3) keV| 103.2(45) μs| IT| 96Ag| (13-)|||-| style="text-indent:1em" | 96m3Ag| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 2686.7(4) keV| 1.561(16) μs| IT| 96Ag| (15+)|||-| style="text-indent:1em" | 96m4Ag| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 6951.8(14) keV| 132(17) ns| IT| 96Ag| (19+)|||-| 97Ag| style="text-align:right" | 47| style="text-align:right" | 50| 96.923881(13)| 25.5(3) s| β+| 97Pd| (9/2+)|||-| style="text-indent:1em" | 97mAg| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 620(40) keV| 100# ms||| (1/2-#)|||-| rowspan=2|98Ag| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 47| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 51| rowspan=2|97.92156(4)| rowspan=2|47.5(3) s| β+ (99.99%)| 98Pd| rowspan=2|(6)+| rowspan=2|| rowspan=2||-| β+, p (.0012%)| 97Rh|-| style="text-indent:1em" | 98mAg| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 107.28(10) keV| 161(7) ns| IT| 98Ag| (4+)|||-| 99Ag| style="text-align:right" | 47| style="text-align:right" | 52| 98.917646(7)| 2.07(5) min| β+| 99Pd| (9/2)+|||-| style="text-indent:1em" | 99mAg| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 506.2(4) keV| 10.5(5) s| IT| 99Ag| (1/2−)|||-| 100Ag| style="text-align:right" | 47| style="text-align:right" | 53| 99.916115(5)| 2.01(9) min| β+| 100Pd| (5)+| | |-| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 100mAg| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 15.52(16) keV| rowspan=2|2.24(13) min| IT| 100Ag| rowspan=2|(2)+| rowspan=2|| rowspan=2||-| β+ | 100Pd |-| 101Ag| style="text-align:right" | 47| style="text-align:right" | 54| 100.912684(5)| 11.1(3) min| β+| 101Pd| 9/2+|||-| style="text-indent:1em" | 101mAg| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 274.1(3) keV| 3.10(10) s| IT| 101Ag| 1/2−|||-| 102Ag| style="text-align:right" | 47| style="text-align:right" | 55| 101.911705(9)| 12.9(3) min| β+| 102Pd| 5+|||-| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 102mAg| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 9.40(7) keV| rowspan=2|7.7(5) min| β+ (51%)| 102Pd| rowspan=2|2+| rowspan=2|| rowspan=2||-| IT (49%)| 102Ag|-| 103Ag| style="text-align:right" | 47| style="text-align:right" | 56| 102.908961(4)| 65.7(7) min| β+| 103Pd| 7/2+|||-| style="text-indent:1em" | 103mAg| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 134.45(4) keV| 5.7(3) s| IT| 103Ag| 1/2−|||-| 104Ag| style="text-align:right" | 47| style="text-align:right" | 57| 103.908624(5)| 69.2(10) min| β+| 104Pd| 5+|||-| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 104mAg| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 6.90(22) keV| rowspan=2|33.5(20) min| β+ (>99.93%)| 104Pd| rowspan=2|2+| rowspan=2|| rowspan=2||-| IT (<0.07%)| 104Ag|-| 105Ag| style="text-align:right" | 47| style="text-align:right" | 58| 104.906526(5)| 41.29(7) d| β+| 105Pd| 1/2−|||-| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 105mAg| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 25.468(16) keV| rowspan=2|7.23(16) min| IT (99.66%)| 105Ag| rowspan=2|7/2+| rowspan=2|| rowspan=2||-| β+ (.34%)| 105Pd|-| rowspan=2|106Ag| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 47| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 59| rowspan=2|105.906663(3)| rowspan=2|23.96(4) min| β+ | 106Pd| rowspan=2|1+| rowspan=2|| rowspan=2||-| β− (rare)| 106Cd|-| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 106mAg| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 89.66(7) keV| rowspan=2|8.28(2) d| β+| 106Pd| rowspan=2|6+| rowspan=2|| rowspan=2||-| IT (rare)| 106Ag|-| 107Ag[2] | style="text-align:right" | 47| style="text-align:right" | 60| 106.9050915(26)| colspan=3 align=center|Stable| 1/2−| 0.51839(8)||-| style="text-indent:1em" | 107mAg| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 93.125(19) keV| 44.3(2) s| IT| 107Ag| 7/2+|||-| rowspan=2|108Ag| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 47| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 61| rowspan=2|107.9059502(26)| rowspan=2|2.382(11) min| β− (97.15%)| 108Cd| rowspan=2|1+| rowspan=2|| rowspan=2||-| β+ (2.85%)| 108Pd|-| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 108mAg| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 109.466(7) keV| rowspan=2|439(9) y| β+ (91.3%)| 108Pd| rowspan=2|6+| rowspan=2|| rowspan=2||-| IT (8.96%)| 108Ag|-| 109Ag[3] | style="text-align:right" | 47| style="text-align:right" | 62| 108.9047558(14)| colspan=3 align=center|Stable| 1/2−| 0.48161(8)||-| style="text-indent:1em" | 109mAg| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 88.0337(10) keV| 39.79(21) s| IT| 109Ag| 7/2+|||-| rowspan=2|110Ag| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 47| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 63| rowspan=2|109.9061107(14)| rowspan=2|24.56(11) s| β− (99.7%)| 110Cd| rowspan=2|1+| rowspan=2|| rowspan=2||-| EC (.3%)| 110Pd|-| style="text-indent:1em" | 110m1Ag| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1.112(16) keV| 660(40) ns| IT| 110Ag| 2−| | |-| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 110m2Ag| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 117.59(5) keV| rowspan=2|249.863(24) d| β− (98.67%)| 110Cd| rowspan=2|6+| rowspan=2|| rowspan=2||-| IT (1.33%)| 110Ag|-| 111Ag| style="text-align:right" | 47| style="text-align:right" | 64| 110.9052968(16)| 7.433(10) d| β−| 111Cd| 1/2−|||-| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 111mAg| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 59.82(4) keV| rowspan=2|64.8(8) s| IT (99.3%)| 111Ag| rowspan=2|7/2+| rowspan=2|| rowspan=2||-| β− (.7%)| 111Cd|-| 112Ag| style="text-align:right" | 47| style="text-align:right" | 65| 111.9070485(26)| 3.130(8) h| β−| 112Cd| 2(−)|||-| 113Ag| style="text-align:right" | 47| style="text-align:right" | 66| 112.906573(18)| 5.37(5) h| β−| 113mCd| 1/2−|||-| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 113mAg| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 43.50(10) keV| rowspan=2|68.7(16) s| IT (64%)| 113Ag| rowspan=2|7/2+| rowspan=2|| rowspan=2||-| β− (36%)| 113Cd|-| 114Ag| style="text-align:right" | 47| style="text-align:right" | 67| 113.908823(5)| 4.6(1) s| β−| 114Cd| 1+|||-| style="text-indent:1em" | 114mAg| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 198.9(10) keV| 1.50(5) ms| IT| 114Ag| (6+)|||-| 115Ag| style="text-align:right" | 47| style="text-align:right" | 68| 114.908767(20)| 20.0(5) min| β−| 115mCd| 1/2−|||-| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 115mAg| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 41.16(10) keV| rowspan=2|18.0(7) s| β− (79%)| 115Cd| rowspan=2|7/2+| rowspan=2|| rowspan=2||-| IT (21%)| 115Ag|-| 116Ag| style="text-align:right" | 47| style="text-align:right" | 69| 115.911387(4)| 3.83(8) min| β−| 116Cd| (0-)|||-| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 116m1Ag| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 47.90(10) keV| rowspan=2|20(1) s| β− (93%)| 116Cd| rowspan=2|(3+)| rowspan=2|| rowspan=2||-| IT (7%)| 116Ag|-| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 116m2Ag| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 129.80(22) keV| rowspan=2|9.3(3) s| β− (92%)| 116Cd| rowspan=2|(6-)| rowspan=2|| rowspan=2||-| IT (8%)| 116Ag|-| 117Ag| style="text-align:right" | 47| style="text-align:right" | 70| 116.911774(15)| 73.6(14) s| β−| 117mCd| 1/2−#|||-| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 117mAg| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 28.6(2) keV| rowspan=2|5.34(5) s| β− (94%)| 117mCd| rowspan=2|7/2+#| rowspan=2|| rowspan=2||-| IT (6%)| 117Ag|-| 118Ag| style="text-align:right" | 47| style="text-align:right" | 71| 117.9145955(27)| 3.76(15) s| β−| 118Cd| (2-)|||-| style="text-indent:1em" | 118m1Ag| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 45.79(9) keV| ~0.1 μs| IT| 118Ag| 1(−) to 2(−)|||-| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 118m2Ag| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 127.63(10) keV| rowspan=2|2.0(2) s| β− (59%)| 118Cd| rowspan=2|(5+)| rowspan=2|| rowspan=2||-| IT (41%)| 118Ag|-| style="text-indent:1em" | 118m3Ag| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 279.37(20) keV| ~0.1 μs| IT| 118Ag| (3+)|||-| 119Ag| style="text-align:right" | 47| style="text-align:right" | 72| 118.915570(16)| 6.0(5) s| β−| 119mCd| 1/2−#|||-| style="text-indent:1em" | 119mAg| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 20(20)# keV| 2.1(1) s| β−| 119Cd| 7/2+#|||-| rowspan=2|120Ag| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 47| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 73| rowspan=2|119.918785(5)| rowspan=2|1.52(7) s| β− (>99.997%)| 120Cd| rowspan=2|4(+)| rowspan=2|| rowspan=2||-| β−, n (<.003%)| 119Cd|-| style="text-indent:1em" | 120m1Ag| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 0(50)# keV| 940(100) ms| | | (0−, 1-)| | |-| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 120m2Ag| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 203.0(10) keV| rowspan=2|384(22) ms| IT (68%)| 120Sn| rowspan=2|7(−)| rowspan=2|| rowspan=2||-| β− (32%)| 120Cd|-| rowspan=2|121Ag| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 47| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 74| rowspan=2|120.920125(13)| rowspan=2|777(10) ms| β− (99.92%)| 121Cd| rowspan=2|7/2+#| rowspan=2| | rowspan=2||-| β−, n (.076%)| 120Cd|-| style="text-indent:1em" | 121mAg| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 20(20)# keV| 200# ms| | | 1/2-#| | |-| rowspan=2|122Ag| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 47| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 75| rowspan=2|121.92366(4)| rowspan=2|529(13) ms| β− (>99.814%)| 122Cd| rowspan=2|(3+)| rowspan=2|| rowspan=2||-| β−, n (.186%)| 121Cd|-| rowspan=3 style="text-indent:1em" | 122m1Ag| rowspan=3 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 80(50)# keV| rowspan=3|550(50) ms| β− | 122Cd| rowspan=3|(1-)| rowspan=3|| rowspan=3||-| β−, n (rare)| 121Cd|-| IT (rare)| 122Ag|-| rowspan=3 style="text-indent:1em" | 122m2Ag| rowspan=3 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 80(50)# keV| rowspan=3|200(50) ms| β− | 122Cd| rowspan=3|(9-)| rowspan=3|| rowspan=3||-| β−, n (rare)| 121Cd|-| IT (rare)| 122Ag|-| style="text-indent:1em" | 122m3Ag| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 171(50)# keV| 6.3(1) μs| IT| 122Ag| (1+)| | |-| rowspan=2|123Ag| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 47| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 76| rowspan=2|122.92532(4)| rowspan=2|294(5) ms| β− (99.44%)| 123Cd| rowspan=2|(7/2+)| rowspan=2|| rowspan=2||-| β−, n (.56%)| 122Cd|-| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 123m1Ag| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 59.5(5) keV| rowspan=2|100# ms| β− | 123Cd| rowspan=2|(1/2-)| rowspan=2|| rowspan=2||-| β−, n (rare)| 122Cd|-| style="text-indent:1em" | 123m2Ag| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1450(14)# keV| 202(20) ns| IT | 123Ag| | | |-| style="text-indent:1em" | 123m3Ag| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1472.8(8) keV| 393(16) ns| IT | 123Ag| (17/2-)| | |-| rowspan=2|124Ag| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 47| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 77| rowspan=2|123.92890(27)#| rowspan=2|177.9(26) ms| β− (98.7%)| 124Cd| rowspan=2|(2-)| rowspan=2| | rowspan=2||-| β−, n (1.3%)| 123Cd|-| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 124m1Ag| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 50(50)# keV| rowspan=2|144(20) ms| β−| 124Cd| rowspan=2|9-# | rowspan=2|| rowspan=2||-| β−, n| 123Cd|-| style="text-indent:1em" | 124m2Ag| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 155.6(5)# keV| 140(50) ns| IT| 124Ag| (1+)| | |-| style="text-indent:1em" | 124m3Ag| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 231.1(7)# keV| 1.48(15) μs| IT| 124Ag| (1-)| | |-| rowspan=2|125Ag| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 47| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 78| rowspan=2|124.93074(47)| rowspan=2|160(5) ms| β− (88.2%)| 125Cd| rowspan=2|(9/2+)| rowspan=2|| rowspan=2||-| β−, n (11.8%)| 124Cd|-| style="text-indent:1em" | 125m1Ag| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 97.1(5)# keV| 50# ms| | | (1/2-)| | |-| style="text-indent:1em" | 125m2Ag| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 97.1(5)# keV| 491(20) ns| | | (17/2-)| | |-| rowspan=2|126Ag| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 47| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 79| rowspan=2|125.93481(22)#| rowspan=2|52(10) ms| β− (86.3%)| 126Cd| rowspan=2|3+#| rowspan=2|| rowspan=2||-| β−, n (13.7%)| 125Cd|-| style="text-indent:1em" | 126m1Ag| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 100(100)# keV| 108.4(24) ms| | | 9-#| | |-| style="text-indent:1em" | 126m2Ag| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 97.1(5)# keV| 27(6) μs| IT| 126Ag| 1-#| | |-| rowspan=2|127Ag| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 47| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 80| rowspan=2|126.93704(22)#| rowspan=2|89(2) ms| β− (85.4%)| 127Cd| rowspan=2|(9/2+)| rowspan=2|| rowspan=2||-| β−, n (14.6%)| 126Cd|-| style="text-indent:1em" | 127m1Ag| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 20(20)# keV| 20# ms| | | (1/2-)| | |-| rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" | 127m2Ag| rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 1938(17) keV| rowspan=2| 67.5(9) ms| β− (91.2%)| 127Cd| rowspan=2| (27/2+)| rowspan=2|| rowspan=2||-| IT (8.8%)| 127Ag|-| rowspan=2| 128Ag| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 47| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 81| rowspan=2| 127.94127(32)#| rowspan=2| 60(3) ms| β− (80%)| 128Cd| rowspan=2| 3+#| rowspan=2|| rowspan=2||-| β−, n (20%)| 127Cd|-| rowspan=2| 129Ag| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 47| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 82| rowspan=2| 128.94432(43)#| rowspan=2| 49.9(35) ms| β− (>80%)| 129Cd| rowspan=2| 9/2+#| rowspan=2|| rowspan=2||-| β−, n (<20%)| 128Cd|-| style="text-indent:1em" | 129mAg| colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" | 20(20)# keV| 10# ms||| 1/2−#|||-| 130Ag| style="text-align:right" | 47| style="text-align:right" | 83| 129.95073(46)#| 40.6(45) ms| β−| 130Cd| 1-#|||-| rowspan=3| 131Ag| rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 47| rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 84| rowspan=3| 130.95625(54)#| rowspan=3| 35(8) ms| β−| 131Cd| rowspan=3| 9/2+#| rowspan=3|| rowspan=3||-| β−, n | 130Cd|-| β−, 2n | 129Cd|-| 132Ag| style="text-align:right" | 47| style="text-align:right" | 85| 131.96307(54)#| 30(14) ms| β−| 132Cd| 6-#|||-| 133Ag| style="text-align:right" | 47| style="text-align:right" | 86| 132.96878(54)#| | | | 6-#||