Shinise Explained

In Japan, shinise are long-established businesses that have been in operation for a long time, at least for a hundred years.[1] Some are older than a thousand years. Japan has significantly more very old businesses than other countries, and they and their products enjoy a particular prestige in Japan.

Characteristics

Long-established companies are particularly common in Japan, which is home to over half of the world's companies that are older than 200 years.[2] As of 2020, the country had more than 33,000 shinise, of which 3,100 were older than 200 years, 140 older than 500 years and at least 19 who say that they have been operating for over 1,000 years. Shinise are a source of national and regional pride, and are the subject of governmental promotion, business management books and travel guides.

Frequently, shinise are relatively small family businesses guided by a particular set of principles (kakun). These principles tend to emphasize continuity, tradition, longstanding business relationships, sticking to the core business, accumulating cash reserves and avoiding debt and other risk. This limits growth but helps the companies weather even severe crises.[3] Some shinise, however, have grown to be leading players in their fields, such as the video game maker Nintendo or the general contractor Takenaka.

The prevalence of shinise in Japan is attributed to the particularities of Japanese culture, such as reverence for traditions and one's ancestors, and Japanese history, such as the country's relatively long global isolation prior to the 19th century. To ensure familial continuity, shinise owners without children of their own sometimes adopt one of their male employees. One effect of the high prestige that shinise enjoy in Japan is that startups are less respected or appreciated than elsewhere.

Shinise products

Buying something from a shinise imparts particular prestige in Japan, connoting the "pinnacle of taste". This Japanese preference for shinise is distinguished from the appreciation most societies have for luxury goods in that it does not only include expensive, long-lasting items such as cars and watches, but also everyday objects and food.

This consumer preference may have roots in Japanese society's predilection for conformity, which makes it so that somebody who owns a shinise item is certain not to be ridiculed for it, and frequently respected. As a result, brand loyalty to shinise is often intense, which in turn helps these companies survive for a long time.

List of shinise

This list aims to include all shinise founded before 1600, and selected notable younger shinise.

CompanyLocationBusinessDate of establishmentRef.
Kongō GumiOsaka, OsakaConstruction578[4] [5] [6] [7]
Nisiyama Onsen KeiunkanHayakawa, YamanashiHot spring hotel705
KomanToyooka, HyōgoHotel717[8] [9]
Hōshi RyokanIshikawa PrefectureHotel718[10] [11]
Genda ShigyōKyoto, KyotoCeremonial paper goods771[12]
Tanaka Iga ButsuguKyoto, KyotoBuddhist religious goods885
Nakamura ShajiIchinomiya, AichiConstruction970[13]
Ichimonjiya WasukeKyoto, KyotoConfectionery1000
Shumiya-ShinbutsugutenReligious goods1024[14]
Takahan RyokanYuzawa, NiigataHotel1075[15]
Geto OnsenKitakami, IwateHotel1134[16]
Sudo HonkeKasama, IbarakiSake1141[17] [18] [19]
Tsuen TeaUji, KyotoTeahouse1160
Gorobee AmeConfectionery1177–1180[20]
Confectionery1184[21]
KikuokaNara, NaraHerbs1184[22] [23]
Sakan RyokanSendai, MiyagiHotel1184[24] [25]
Ito TekkoMetalworking1189[26]
Shirasagiyu TawarayaKaga, IshikawaHotel1190[27]
Kotabe FoundrySakuragawa, IbarakiFoundry1190–1199[28]
Tosen GoshoboKobe, HyōgoHotel1191[29]
Arima Onsen OkunoboHotel1191[30] [31]
Yoshinoya IrokuenKaga, IshikawaHotel1192[32]
NotoyaKomatsu, IshikawaHotel1311[33]
HigashiyaYonezawa, YamagataHotel1312[34]
SankoganGose, NaraPharmacy1319[35]
Korenya ShingetsuanConfectionery1327[36]
KanbukuroConfectionery1329[37]
Kuroda SennendoConfectioneryBef. 1333[38]
Maruya Hatco MisoOkazaki, AichiMiso1337[39]
TakataTextiles1346[40]
Confectionery1349[41]
Pharmacy1368[42]
MatsumaeyaSeaweed1392[43] [44]
NamariichiChemicals1395[45]
Kameya MutsuConfectionery1421[46]
SakuSaku, NaganoHotel1428[47]
Yunushi IchijohHotel1428[48]
Confectionery1461[49] [50]
SenkiyaTea1462[51]
OwariyaKyoto, KyotoRestaurant1465[52]
InoueTea1467[53]
Mizuta GyokuundoConfectionery1477[54]
HiraizumiSake1487[55]
FukkodoBrushes1501[56]
TsutayaConfectionery1502[57]
Chigira JinsenteiIkaho, GunmaHotel1502[58] [59]
Confectionery1503[60]
Ishiga HontenReligious goods1504–1520[61]
KenbishiSakeBef. 1505[62] [63]
TorayaTokyo, TokyoConfectioneryAbt. 1520[64]
YamajiSake1532[65]
Honke KojimaConfectionery1532[66]
MatsuokayaSauce1534[67]
Sake1534[68]
Izumiya RyokanHotel1536[69]
Shusen KuranoSake1540[70]
FubokakuHotel1546[71]
Kunitomo KyutaroGunpowder1547[72]
YoshinogawaSake1548[73]
Sake1550[74]
SasaiyaConfectionery1550[75]
IzekiClothing1550[76]
Itamuro Onsen DaikokuyaNasushiobara, TochigiFood1551[77] [78]
Meien Co., Ltd.Nagoya, AichiSalt1554[79]
ChisoKyoto, KyotoClothing1555[80]
Clothing1555[81]
KaikodoLacquerwareBef. 1558[82]
Tea1558
UedaSake1558[83]
AritsuguKyoto, KyotoKnives (originally swords)1560
Nabeya Bi-tech KaishaSeki, GifuMachine parts (originally kettles, pots, and bells)1560
OkamotoIron1560[84]
HasemokuReal estate1560[85]
IchijohHotel1560[86]
ToyahachiPottery retail1560[87]
YamagatakanHotel1561[88]
Otaya HanuemonConfectionery1562[89]
Shima TamuraHotel1563[90]
KojiyaFood1563[91]
Confectionery1565[92]
Beds1566[93]
KichijiyaOil1568[94]
SuishodoPharmacy1570[95]
Isekusuri HonpoPharmacy1570[96]
KikuhimeSake1570–1600[97]
Yoshida GennojoReligious goods1572[98]
Hosoji InbantenStamps1573[99]
NakanoFish1573[100]
Sauce1573[101]
Retailing1573[102]
ShintsuBuilding material1573–1592[103]
SonodayaConfectionery1573–1592[104]
KanbayashiTea1573–1592[105]
Mitsuboshien Kanbayashi SannyuTea1573–1592[106]
IshikawaStone1573–1592[107]
Nikenjayamochi KadoyaBrewery1575[108]
Meboso HachirobeeFishing flies1575[109]
Yanagiya HozenConfectionery1575[110]
Nippon KodoIncense1575[111] [112]
Heihachi JayaRestaurant1576[113]
KishigonHotel1576[114]
GyokueidoConfectionery1576[115]
KobaienInk1577[116]
MineyoFish1577[117]
Lamp no YadoHotel1578[118]
TomihiroClothing1578[119]
KigurayaClothing1579[120]
NakayaHerbal medicine1579[121]
HigashimaruSauceAbt.1580[122]
Hatano PaintPaint1582[123]
IndenyaLeather1582[124]
KojuIncense1582[125]
OnomichizousuOnomichi, HiroshimaVinegar1582[126]
TamaruyaUdon noodles1582[127]
MinowaLacquerware1582[128]
Godayu KikuyaConfectionery1584[129]
Yamato IntecMetalworking1584[130]
KikuyaConfectionery1585[131]
MercrosRetailer1585[132]
TenshoenTea1585[133]
MatsuiConstruction1586[134]
Oyama ShajiConstruction1586[135]
ChogoromochiConfectionery1587[136]
JosuianConfectionery1587[137]
OkekaFurnaces1588[138]
IbasenFans1590[139]
KogureHotel1591[140]
YamashinaUtensil1591[141]
Osugiya SobeeConfectionery1592[142]
Meimon SakaiSake1592[143]
KikyoyaConfectionery1592[144]
NezameyaRestaurant1592[145]
KoyaSake1593[146]
YamamotoyaSeed1593[147]
KungyokudoIncense1594[148]
FujinoyaFertilizer1594[149]
ChojiyaRestaurant1596[150]
ToshimayaSake1596[151]
TakimoFood1596[152]
Oteramochi KawaidoConfectionery1596[153]
TazenMetal1596[154]
GyokurinboHotel1596[155]
Nagata BunshodoPublisher1596–1615[156]
HeirakujiPublisher1596–1615
HayashikanClothing1596–1615[157]
KojimaSake1597[158]
KuwanayaConfectionery1597[159]
Uzu KyumeiganPharmacy1597[160]
RyujinSake1597[161]
ChinjukanPottery1598[162]
Wakanoura ImotoPharmacy1598[163]
WatahanConstruction1598[164]
Nakazato MoemonPottery1598[165]
Minatoya Yurei-kosodate-ameConfectioneryBef. 1599[166]
Umai ChemicalChemicals (originally salt)1599[167]
BounHotel1599[168]
KyorinClothing1599
Shichiyama HospitalHospital1599[169]
TakenakaOsaka, OsakaConstruction1610
GekkeikanKyoto, KyotoSake and plum wine1637
NintendoKyoto, KyotoVideo games (originally playing cards)1889
Takamatsu Construction GroupYodogawa-ku, OsakaConstruction1917[170] [171] [172]
KikkomanNoda, ChibaSoy sauce and other food1917

See also

References

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  55. Web site: 飛良泉 山廃純米大吟醸 1．8L（秋田地酒倶楽部 英雄） . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20141227112052/http://www.47club.jp/05M-000034ace/goods/detail/10057728/ . 2014-12-27 . 2014-12-27 . 47CLUB.
  56. Web site: ja:創業100年以上の「長寿企業」は1801社、満100歳は63社 . http://www.tdb.co.jp/report/watching/press/pdf/s100901_80.pdf . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20131104013329/http://www.tdb.co.jp/report/watching/press/pdf/s100901_80.pdf . November 4, 2013 . November 2, 2013 . Teikoku Databank, Ltd. . ja.
  57. Web site: 九州最古の老舗「平戸蔦屋」が作る元祖「カスドース」 . December 7, 2014 . 服部幸應のお取り寄せ.
  58. Web site: 創業 100 年の「老舗企業」は群馬県内に 431 社 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150404065103/http://www.tdb.co.jp/report/watching/press/pdf/s110801_22.pdf . April 4, 2015 . November 5, 2013 . Teikoku Databank, Ltd..
  59. Web site: City Life News / Hotsurings / Ikaho Onsen . November 2, 2013 . City Life News Online.
  60. Web site: 100 Japanese Long-established Stores . June 6, 2014 . Waraku (Shogakukan).
  61. Web site: ja:創業 100 年以上の「長寿企業」は 161 社 . http://www.tdb.co.jp/report/watching/press/pdf/s100901_67.pdf . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20131103233449/http://www.tdb.co.jp/report/watching/press/pdf/s100901_67.pdf . November 3, 2013 . November 2, 2013 . Teikoku Databank, Ltd. . ja.
  62. Web site: gallery 灘五郷・蔵元探訪・剣菱 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20010725152548/http://www.nadagogo.ne.jp/kura/kenbisi.html . July 25, 2001 . June 6, 2014 . Nadagogo Brewers Association . ja.
  63. Web site: 経営者に訊く 老舗企業とIT 剣菱酒造株式会社 . Jan 2, 2018 . サイボウズ未来想研 (Cybozu) . ja.
  64. Web site: ja:とらや見学。 . http://www.1101.com/toraya/2013-02-15.html . November 2, 2013 . ほぼ日刊イトイ新聞 (Shigesato Itoi) . ja.
  65. Web site: ja:戦争や災害を生き抜いた「老舗企業」、滋賀県内に426 社 . http://www.tdb.co.jp/report/watching/press/pdf/s110902_55.pdf . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150924113652/http://www.tdb.co.jp/report/watching/press/pdf/s110902_55.pdf . September 24, 2015 . November 3, 2013 . Teikoku Databank, Ltd. . ja.
  66. Web site: ja:本家小嶋 – 堺観光ガイド . http://www.sakai-tcb.or.jp/souvenir/wagashi/w13.html . July 6, 2014 . Sakai Tourism and Convention Bureau (堺観光コンベンション協会) . ja.
  67. Web site: ja:創業 100 年以上の「長寿企業」、長野県内に 801 社 . http://www.tdb.co.jp/report/watching/press/pdf/s131001_30.pdf . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20131104013244/http://www.tdb.co.jp/report/watching/press/pdf/s131001_30.pdf . November 4, 2013 . November 2, 2013 . Teikoku Databank, Ltd. . ja.
  68. Web site: Tomita Shuzo - Sakagura Tourism . April 9, 2021 . Japan Sake and Shochu Makers Association(日本酒造組合中央会).
  69. Web site: ja:震災・戦争を生き抜いた「老舗企業」、栃木県に 389 社 . http://www.tdb.co.jp/report/watching/press/pdf/s110801_24.pdf . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20131104012717/http://www.tdb.co.jp/report/watching/press/pdf/s110801_24.pdf . November 4, 2013 . November 2, 2013 . Teikoku Databank, Ltd. . ja.
  70. Web site: Kawanakajima . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20180210221210/http://www.kontatsu.co.jp/ka/product/kawanakajima.html . 10 February 2018 . November 2, 2013 . Kontatsu.Co., Ltd..
  71. Web site: ja:創業：西暦1546年、伊達家の御殿湯「株式会社不忘閣」 . http://ameblo.jp/syacho110/entry-11563637198.html . November 3, 2013 . 生活総合研究所 . ja.
  72. Web site: ja:戦争や災害を生き抜いた「老舗企業」、滋賀県内に426 社 . http://www.tdb.co.jp/report/watching/press/pdf/s110902_55.pdf . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150924113652/http://www.tdb.co.jp/report/watching/press/pdf/s110902_55.pdf . September 24, 2015 . November 3, 2013 . Teikoku Databank, Ltd. . ja.
  73. Web site: ja:吉乃川株式会社 . http://www.niigata-sake.or.jp/kuramoto/69_index.html . December 9, 2014 . Niigata Sake Brewers Association . ja.
  74. Web site: ja:小西酒造株式会社 - 酒蔵ツーリズム . http://www.japansake.or.jp/tourism/contents/hyogo/1042.html . Feb 2, 2015 . 日本酒造組合中央会 (Japan Sake and Shochu Makers Association) . ja.
  75. Web site: ja:老舗に学ぶ～本県老舗企業 553 社、輩出率全国 9 位～ . http://www.tdb.co.jp/report/watching/press/pdf/s110901_47.pdf . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20131203001741/http://www.tdb.co.jp/report/watching/press/pdf/s110901_47.pdf . December 3, 2013 . November 23, 2013 . Teikoku Databank, Ltd. . ja.
  76. Web site: ja:創業100年以上の「長寿企業」は府内で1,023社 . http://www.tdb.co.jp/report/watching/press/pdf/s100902_50.pdf . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150404062103/http://www.tdb.co.jp/report/watching/press/pdf/s100902_50.pdf . April 4, 2015 . November 3, 2013 . Teikoku Databank, Ltd. . ja.
  77. Web site: ja:震災・戦争を生き抜いた「老舗企業」、栃木県に 389 社 . http://www.tdb.co.jp/report/watching/press/pdf/s110801_24.pdf . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20131104012717/http://www.tdb.co.jp/report/watching/press/pdf/s110801_24.pdf . November 4, 2013 . November 2, 2013 . Teikoku Databank, Ltd. . ja.
  78. Web site: ja:創業100年以上の「長寿企業」は栃木県内に337社 . http://www.tdb.co.jp/report/watching/press/pdf/s100901_24.pdf . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20141228104038/http://www.tdb.co.jp/report/watching/press/pdf/s100901_24.pdf . 2014-12-28 . Dec 28, 2014 . Teikoku Databank . ja.
  79. Web site: ja:那古野エリア | なごや今昔紀行 . http://www.nagoya-info.jp/konjyaku/popup/nagono03.html . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20160303223435/http://www.nagoya-info.jp/konjyaku/popup/nagono03.html . 3 March 2016 . November 2, 2013 . 名古屋観光コンベンションビューロー (Nagoya Convention & Visitors Bureau) . ja.
  80. Web site: ja:老舗企業に学ぶ 1555年創業（株）千總の経営理念 . http://www.okayama-cci.or.jp/modules/smartsection/item.php?itemid=712 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150404181308/http://www.okayama-cci.or.jp/modules/smartsection/item.php?itemid=712 . April 4, 2015 . December 29, 2014 . Okayama Chamber of Commerce and Industry . ja.
  81. Web site: ja:創業100年以上の「長寿企業」は府内で1,023社 . http://www.tdb.co.jp/report/watching/press/pdf/s100902_50.pdf . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150404062103/http://www.tdb.co.jp/report/watching/press/pdf/s100902_50.pdf . April 4, 2015 . November 3, 2013 . Teikoku Databank, Ltd. . ja.
  82. Web site: ja:江戸時代から伝統を継承する老舗 . http://www.hitoyasumi.com/m2.html . Jan 17, 2015 . Teikoku Databank, Ltd. . ja.
  83. Web site: ja:創業 100 年以上の「老舗企業」は県内で 303 社 . http://www.tdb.co.jp/report/watching/press/pdf/s110901_51.pdf . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20131109011002/http://www.tdb.co.jp/report/watching/press/pdf/s110901_51.pdf . November 9, 2013 . November 4, 2013 . Teikoku Databank, Ltd. . ja.
  84. Web site: September 16, 2010 . Special Edition: survey on "long life company" older than 100 years in Gifu prefecture: 400 companies in the prefecture are – Okamoto, established 1560, tops, 7 are older than 300 years -(特別企画: 岐阜県における創業 100 年以上の「長寿企業」実態調査 創業 100 年以上の「長寿企業」は県下に 400 社～ 長寿トップは西暦 1560 年創業の岡本、創業 300 年超は 7 社 ～) . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20131109010940/http://www.tdb.co.jp/report/watching/press/pdf/s100901_45.pdf . November 9, 2013 . August 5, 2013 . . ja . Main old companies over 100 years old (Top 5) 創業100年以上の主な長寿企業　（上位5社） 1.Okamoto 岡本(おかもと) 1560年 2.Kuwana-ya 桑名屋(くわなや) 1597年3.Tatebayashi 舘林(たてばやし) 1688年 4.Suzuki Bussan 鈴木物産(すずきぶつさん) 1695年 4.Nikishuzō 二木酒造(にきしゆぞう) 1695年.
  85. Web site: ja:企業平均年齢は31.6歳 . http://www.tdb.co.jp/report/watching/press/pdf/s121001_98.pdf . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150404095758/http://www.tdb.co.jp/report/watching/press/pdf/s121001_98.pdf . 2015-04-04 . 2014-12-12 . Teikoku databank . ja.
  86. Web site: ja:震災・戦争を生き抜いた「老舗企業」、宮城県に 445 社 . http://www.tdb.co.jp/report/watching/press/pdf/s110801_10.pdf . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20131203043328/http://www.tdb.co.jp/report/watching/press/pdf/s110801_10.pdf . December 3, 2013 . December 2, 2013 . Teikoku Databank, Ltd. . ja.
  87. Web site: 中山道最大の宿『本庄宿』の再発見 vol.4 . Feb 2, 2019 . 埼玉県 (Saitama Prefecture) . ja.
  88. Web site: ja:山梨の企業平均年齢は 36.9 歳 . http://www.tdb.co.jp/report/watching/press/pdf/s120901_28.pdf . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20131105201227/http://www.tdb.co.jp/report/watching/press/pdf/s120901_28.pdf . November 5, 2013 . November 5, 2013 . Teikoku Databank, Ltd. . ja.
  89. Web site: ja:笠松名物、笠松志古羅ん . http://kasamatsu-mall.jp/shikoran/shikoran.html . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150404105156/http://kasamatsu-mall.jp/shikoran/shikoran.html . April 4, 2015 . June 7, 2014 . Kasamatsu Confectionery Association, Kasamatsu Commercial and Industrial Association . ja.
  90. 藤田聡 四万温泉 オールアバウト
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  92. News: ja:遷宮守った太閤 出世餅に名残す . ja . . http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/osaka/feature/CO004352/20131123-OYT8T00170.html . June 7, 2014.
  93. Web site: ja:戦争や災害を生き抜いた「老舗企業」、滋賀県内に426 社 . http://www.tdb.co.jp/report/watching/press/pdf/s110902_55.pdf . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150924113652/http://www.tdb.co.jp/report/watching/press/pdf/s110902_55.pdf . September 24, 2015 . November 3, 2013 . Teikoku Databank, Ltd. . ja.
  94. Web site: 株式会社 吉字屋本店 . 2014-12-30 . 山梨県産業労働部労政雇用課.
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  96. Web site: 【B－5】 企業名 伊勢くすり本舗株式会社 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20200519221042/http://www.miesc.or.jp/web/cgipg/cms/img_photo/df_1_475_B5.pdf . 19 May 2020 . May 11, 2017 . 三重県産業支援センター (Mie Industry and Enterprise Support Center) . ja.
  97. Book: 松崎晴雄 (Haruo Matsuzaki) . 日本酒ガイドブック≪英語対訳つき≫the SAKE BOOK . 実業之日本社(Jitsugyo no Nihon Sha) . 2018 . 9784408009162 . 055 . ja . 2019-11-14.
  98. Web site: ja:今や良い技術とは昔の技術にいかに近付くかです。吉田 源之丞 . https://www.shinise.ne.jp/j_kyoto/voices/vol/10/10-a.html . 2018-09-11 . 石田大成社 (ISHIDA TAISEISHA CO., LTD) . ja.
  99. Web site: November 16, 2012 . 特別企画:石川県内企業の平均年齢と長寿企業の実態調査 . Special Edition: Survey on average age and long life companies in Ishikawa Prefecture . November 21, 2012 . . ja . Main long life companies 主な長寿企業 善吾楼 (Zengoro) 旅館 (Ryokan) 718, 白鷺湯たわらや (Shirasagiyu Tawaraya) 旅館 (Ryokan) 1190, のとや (Notoya) 旅館 (Ryokan) 1311, 細字印判店 (Hosoji Inbanten) その他の小売 (Retail store, not in categorized list of the report) 1573, 目細八郎兵衛商店 (Meboso Hachirōbei Shōten) スポーツ用品卸 (Sports equipment wholesale) 1575, ランプの宿 (Lamp no Yado) 旅館・ホテル (Hotel) 1578,　浅野太鼓楽器店 (Asano Taiko Gakkiten) 楽器小売 (musical instrument retail store) 1609, アンヨウジ (Anyōji) 燃料小売 (Fuel retail store) 1615.
  100. Web site: ja:震災・戦争を生き抜いた「老舗企業」、富山に 442 社 . http://www.tdb.co.jp/report/watching/press/pdf/s110801_37.pdf . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20131105201302/http://www.tdb.co.jp/report/watching/press/pdf/s110801_37.pdf . November 5, 2013 . November 5, 2013 . Teikoku Databank, Ltd. . ja.
  101. Web site: ja:無臭の魚醤入り減塩しょうゆ – 産学官の道しるべ . http://sangakukan.jp/journal/journal_contents/2012/10/articles/1210-04-5/1210-04-5_article.html . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20160304101818/https://sangakukan.jp/journal/journal_contents/2012/10/articles/1210-04-5/1210-04-5_article.html . March 4, 2016 . April 28, 2014 . Japan Science and Technology Agency . ja.
  102. Web site: ja:福井県の長寿企業は481社 . http://www.tdb.co.jp/report/watching/press/pdf/s141001_39.pdf . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150404070058/http://www.tdb.co.jp/report/watching/press/pdf/s141001_39.pdf . 2015-04-04 . Jan 17, 2015 . Teikoku Databank, Ltd. . ja.
  103. Web site: ja:100年超え企業全体の4.3%を占める。数こそ少ないが . http://bn.bk-web.jp/2010/0302/trend.php . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20131109003449/http://bn.bk-web.jp/2010/0302/trend.php . November 9, 2013 . November 7, 2013 . Business Kagawa . ja.
  104. Web site: ja:商店街を歩く[お土産編] . https://itp.ne.jp/contents/sangyohyakusen/kumamotoshi/specialcontents/specialcontents02.html . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20131109010932/https://itp.ne.jp/contents/sangyohyakusen/kumamotoshi/specialcontents/specialcontents02.html . November 9, 2013 . November 7, 2013 . i-Townpage . ja.
  105. Web site: ja:佐賀市｜佐賀県の検索＆コミュニティ【さがすばんた】 . http://sagasubanta.com/cgi-bin/banta_search/sagasubanta.cgi?page=7&mode=kt&kt=17_01&sort=ac_new . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20160812033132/http://sagasubanta.com/cgi-bin/banta_search/sagasubanta.cgi?page=7&mode=kt&kt=17_01&sort=ac_new . 12 August 2016 . June 6, 2014 . Otonari Printing co,. Ltd. . ja.
  106. https://books.google.com/books?id=yUmCBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA30 美味しい日本茶入門
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  108. Web site: ja:老舗に学ぶ～本県老舗企業 553 社、輩出率全国 9 位～ . http://www.tdb.co.jp/report/watching/press/pdf/s110901_47.pdf . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20131203001741/http://www.tdb.co.jp/report/watching/press/pdf/s110901_47.pdf . December 3, 2013 . November 23, 2013 . Teikoku Databank, Ltd. . ja.
  109. Web site: November 16, 2012 . 特別企画:石川県内企業の平均年齢と長寿企業の実態調査 . Special Edition: Survey on average age and long life companies in Ishikawa Prefecture . November 21, 2012 . . ja . Main long life companies 主な長寿企業 善吾楼 (Zengoro) 旅館 (Ryokan) 718, 白鷺湯たわらや (Shirasagiyu Tawaraya) 旅館 (Ryokan) 1190, のとや (Notoya) 旅館 (Ryokan) 1311, 細字印判店 (Hosoji Inbanten) その他の小売 (Retail store, not in categorized list of the report) 1573, 目細八郎兵衛商店 (Meboso Hachirōbei Shōten) スポーツ用品卸 (Sports equipment wholesale) 1575, ランプの宿 (Lamp no Yado) 旅館・ホテル (Hotel) 1578,　浅野太鼓楽器店 (Asano Taiko Gakkiten) 楽器小売 (musical instrument retail store) 1609, アンヨウジ (Anyōji) 燃料小売 (Fuel retail store) 1615.
  110. Web site: ja:老舗に学ぶ～本県老舗企業 553 社、輩出率全国 9 位～ . http://www.tdb.co.jp/report/watching/press/pdf/s110901_47.pdf . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20131203001741/http://www.tdb.co.jp/report/watching/press/pdf/s110901_47.pdf . December 3, 2013 . November 23, 2013 . Teikoku Databank, Ltd. . ja.
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  116. Web site: ja:にぎり墨体験 （株）古梅園 . http://www3.pref.nara.jp/kougei-taiken/1033.htm . Dec 31, 2014 . 奈良県産業振興総合センター . ja.
  117. Web site: ja:山梨の企業平均年齢は 36.9 歳 . http://www.tdb.co.jp/report/watching/press/pdf/s120901_28.pdf . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20131105201227/http://www.tdb.co.jp/report/watching/press/pdf/s120901_28.pdf . November 5, 2013 . November 5, 2013 . Teikoku Databank, Ltd. . ja.
  118. Web site: November 16, 2012 . 特別企画:石川県内企業の平均年齢と長寿企業の実態調査 . Special Edition: Survey on average age and long life companies in Ishikawa Prefecture . November 21, 2012 . . ja . Main long life companies 主な長寿企業 善吾楼 (Zengoro) 旅館 (Ryokan) 718, 白鷺湯たわらや (Shirasagiyu Tawaraya) 旅館 (Ryokan) 1190, のとや (Notoya) 旅館 (Ryokan) 1311, 細字印判店 (Hosoji Inbanten) その他の小売 (Retail store, not in categorized list of the report) 1573, 目細八郎兵衛商店 (Meboso Hachirōbei Shōten) スポーツ用品卸 (Sports equipment wholesale) 1575, ランプの宿 (Lamp no Yado) 旅館・ホテル (Hotel) 1578,　浅野太鼓楽器店 (Asano Taiko Gakkiten) 楽器小売 (musical instrument retail store) 1609, アンヨウジ (Anyōji) 燃料小売 (Fuel retail store) 1615.
  119. Web site: ja:震災・戦争を生き抜いた「老舗企業」、山形県に 543 社 . http://www.tdb.co.jp/report/watching/press/pdf/s110801_16.pdf . November 6, 2013 . Teikoku Databank, Ltd. . ja.
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  121. Web site: Kanazawa Shinise Memorial Hall . 2019-07-10 . Japan Station.
  122. Web site: 地元産原料によるプレミアム醤油の開発 -ヒガシマル醤油とJA兵庫西を中心とする農商工連携の取組み- . June 4, 2014 . Norinchukin Research Institute Co., Ltd. . ja.
  123. Web site: August 17, 2011 . 特別企画：「老舗企業」実態調査（香川県）(Special Edition: Survey on "long life companies" (Kagawa Prefecture) . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20131109010953/http://www.tdb.co.jp/report/watching/press/pdf/s110801_71.pdf . November 9, 2013 . January 24, 2013 . . ja . 主な老舗企業（上位10社）:「寺院，仏教教会」除くMain long life companies(Top 10): except Temples 1. 波多野塗料(はたのとりょう, Hatano paint) 1582 塗料卸(Paint wholesale), 2. 和泉商会(いずみしょうかい, Izumi Shokai) 1663 石工品製造(Stonework manufacturing), 3. 西野金陵(にしのきんりょう, Nishino Kinryo) 1658 酒類卸(Sake wholesale)), 4. 井筒屋(いづつや, Izutsuya) 1692 めん類製造(Noodle manufacturing).
  124. Web site: ja:株式会社印傳屋 上原勇七 - 印伝（革工芸品）づくりに400年余 . http://jp.fujitsu.com/journal/special/sp_colum_20130311/article-02.html . Jan 1, 2015 . FUJITSU JOURNAL . ja.
  125. Web site: ja:銀座の老舗 . http://www.kachispo.com/k/257/ . Jan 1, 2015 . 日刊 勝ち組スポーツ . ja.
  126. Web site: Onomichi Vinegar Culture and Japan's Oldest Vinegar Distillery . 2022-10-22 . Google Arts & Culture . en.
  127. Web site: ja:水沢うどん . http://www.comugication.com/katemen/mizusawa.html . Jan 1, 2015 . コムギケーション倶楽部 . ja.
  128. Web site: ja:福井県の長寿企業は481社 . http://www.tdb.co.jp/report/watching/press/pdf/s141001_39.pdf . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150404070058/http://www.tdb.co.jp/report/watching/press/pdf/s141001_39.pdf . 2015-04-04 . Jan 17, 2015 . Teikoku Databank, Ltd. . ja.
  129. Web site: ja:【放送内容】静岡発そこ知り（5月5日放送分） . http://www.at-s.com/sbstv/program/sokoshiri/2010/05/55.html . Jan 2, 2015 . . ja.
  130. Web site: ja:創業 100 年以上の「長寿企業」、長野県内に 801 社 . http://www.tdb.co.jp/report/watching/press/pdf/s131001_30.pdf . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20131104013244/http://www.tdb.co.jp/report/watching/press/pdf/s131001_30.pdf . November 4, 2013 . November 2, 2013 . Teikoku Databank, Ltd. . ja.
  131. Web site: ja:創業天正十三年（1585）400年の歴史 御菓子司 本家菊屋 . http://www.shokokai.or.jp/kansai/29/292031S0676/index.htm . Jan 2, 2015 . 全国商工会連合会 . ja.
  132. Web site: ja:新規受注ビル・施設の実績 . http://www.tokyu-com.co.jp/company/business/building.html . Jan 2, 2015 . 東急コミュニティー . ja.
  133. Web site: 江戸時代から伝統を継承する老舗・お茶 . 2015-01-03 . hitoyasumi.com.
  134. Web site: ja:松井建設株式会社 . http://www.tokyo-cci.or.jp/chuo/shinise/reserch01/ . Jan 3, 2015 . 東京商工会議所(Tokyo Chamber of Commerce and Industry) . ja.
  135. Web site: ja:創業100年以上の「長寿企業」は1801社、満100歳は63社 . http://www.tdb.co.jp/report/watching/press/pdf/s100901_80.pdf . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20131104013329/http://www.tdb.co.jp/report/watching/press/pdf/s100901_80.pdf . November 4, 2013 . November 2, 2013 . Teikoku Databank, Ltd. . ja.
  136. Web site: ja:長五郎餅本舗 . http://tekutoko.com/syoku/%E9%95%B7%E4%BA%94%E9%83%8E%E9%A4%85%E6%9C%AC%E8%88%97/ . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150403123244/http://tekutoko.com/syoku/%E9%95%B7%E4%BA%94%E9%83%8E%E9%A4%85%E6%9C%AC%E8%88%97/ . 2015-04-03 . Jan 3, 2015 . 西陣てくとこ . ja.
  137. Web site: ja:五十二萬石 如水庵 . http://www.pcg.or.jp/okashiya/josuian/josuian.html . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150130212134/http://www.pcg.or.jp/okashiya/josuian/josuian.html . January 30, 2015 . June 7, 2014 . All Japan Confectionery Association . ja.
  138. Web site: ja:老舗に学ぶ～本県老舗企業 553 社、輩出率全国 9 位～ . http://www.tdb.co.jp/report/watching/press/pdf/s110901_47.pdf . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20131203001741/http://www.tdb.co.jp/report/watching/press/pdf/s110901_47.pdf . December 3, 2013 . November 23, 2013 . Teikoku Databank, Ltd. . ja.
  139. Web site: ja:伊場仙 . http://www.nihonbashi-tokyo.jp/enjoy/gem/201107/ . Jan 4, 2015 . まち日本橋 (Mitsui Fudosan) . ja.
  140. Web site: 創業 100 年の「老舗企業」は群馬県内に 431 社 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150404065103/http://www.tdb.co.jp/report/watching/press/pdf/s110801_22.pdf . April 4, 2015 . November 5, 2013 . Teikoku Databank, Ltd..
  141. Web site: ja:創業 100 年以上の「長寿企業」は 514 社 . http://www.tdb.co.jp/report/watching/press/pdf/s100901_60.pdf . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20131109010956/http://www.tdb.co.jp/report/watching/press/pdf/s100901_60.pdf . November 9, 2013 . November 6, 2013 . Teikoku Databank, Ltd. . ja.
  142. Web site: ja:震災・戦争を生き抜いた「老舗企業」、新潟に 1120 社 . http://www.tdb.co.jp/report/watching/press/pdf/s110802_34.pdf . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20131109011005/http://www.tdb.co.jp/report/watching/press/pdf/s110802_34.pdf . November 9, 2013 . November 7, 2013 . Teikoku Databank, Ltd. . ja.
  143. Web site: ja:100年超え企業全体の4.3%を占める。数こそ少ないが . http://bn.bk-web.jp/2010/0302/trend.php . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20131109003449/http://bn.bk-web.jp/2010/0302/trend.php . November 9, 2013 . November 7, 2013 . Business Kagawa . ja.
  144. Web site: ja:翁飴本舗・桔梗屋 - 能代市企業情報データベース . http://www.city.noshiro.akita.jp/kigyou/data/kjd0301/corp0520290064.html . Feb 27, 2015 . . ja.
  145. Web site: The Most Popular Japanese Landmark! Fushimi Inari-taisha Shrine . March 16, 2017 . OpenRice Group Inc..
  146. Web site: ja:震災・戦争を生き抜いた「老舗企業」、山形県に 543 社 . http://www.tdb.co.jp/report/watching/press/pdf/s110801_16.pdf . November 6, 2013 . Teikoku Databank, Ltd. . ja.
  147. Web site: ja:長寿企業の事業展開に関する調査研究 . http://www.oita-smeca.com/wp/wp-content/uploads/h24_longlife_report2.pdf . November 29, 2013 . Oita Small and Medium Enterprise Management Consultant Association . ja.
  148. Web site: ja:株式会社負野薫玉堂 . http://www5.city.kyoto.jp/kigyo/kg_102.cgi?CT=30&KID=5259 . Jan 4, 2015 . 京都ジョブパーク (Kyoto Prefecture) . ja.
  149. Web site: ja:長寿企業の事業展開に関する調査研究 . http://www.oita-smeca.com/wp/wp-content/uploads/h24_longlife_report2.pdf . November 29, 2013 . Oita Small and Medium Enterprise Management Consultant Association . ja.
  150. Web site: ja:【放送内容】静岡発そこ知り（5月5日放送分） . http://www.at-s.com/sbstv/program/sokoshiri/2010/05/55.html . Jan 2, 2015 . . ja.
  151. Web site: ja:導入事例（株式会社豊島屋本店様） . http://www.hitachi-systems.com/ind/fs/wholesale/case/foods/toshimaya/ . Jan 5, 2015 . 株式会社日立システムズ (Hitachi Systems, Ltd.) . ja.
  152. Web site: ja:愛知県の創業 100 年以上の「長寿企業」は 1198 社 . http://www.tdb.co.jp/report/watching/press/pdf/s100901_40.pdf . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20131109011008/http://www.tdb.co.jp/report/watching/press/pdf/s100901_40.pdf . November 9, 2013 . November 8, 2013 . Teikoku Databank, Ltd. . ja.
  153. Web site: ja:スポット詳細:大寺餅河合堂(株) 堺観光ガイド . http://www.sakai-tcb.or.jp/spot/spot.php?id=234&bk=1 . November 8, 2013 . SAKAI tourism & convention Guide . ja.
  154. Web site: ja:震災・戦争を生き抜いた「老舗企業」、宮城県に 445 社 . http://www.tdb.co.jp/report/watching/press/pdf/s110801_10.pdf . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20131203043328/http://www.tdb.co.jp/report/watching/press/pdf/s110801_10.pdf . December 3, 2013 . December 2, 2013 . Teikoku Databank, Ltd. . ja.
  155. Web site: ja:10年04月15日放送福島・玉の湯温泉 . http://www.khb-tv.co.jp/s010/yukemuri/yu100415.html . Feb 13, 2015 . . ja.
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  157. Web site: ja:京を語る 情報誌『京都』 有限会社 林勘法衣店 . http://www.shinise.ne.jp/j_kyoto/voices/vol/49/49-h.html . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150924101305/http://www.shinise.ne.jp/j_kyoto/voices/vol/49/49-h.html . 24 September 2015 . March 7, 2015 . 株式会社石田大成社 (Ishida Taiseisha Co., Ltd.) . ja.
  158. Web site: ja:酒造資料館 東光の酒蔵 . http://www.japansake.or.jp/app/maker_museums/219 . Jan 5, 2015 . 日本酒造組合中央会 (Japan Sake and Shochu Makers Association) . ja.
  159. Web site: September 16, 2010 . Special Edition: survey on "long life company" older than 100 years in Gifu prefecture: 400 companies in the prefecture are – Okamoto, established 1560, tops, 7 are older than 300 years -(特別企画: 岐阜県における創業 100 年以上の「長寿企業」実態調査 創業 100 年以上の「長寿企業」は県下に 400 社～ 長寿トップは西暦 1560 年創業の岡本、創業 300 年超は 7 社 ～) . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20131109010940/http://www.tdb.co.jp/report/watching/press/pdf/s100901_45.pdf . November 9, 2013 . August 5, 2013 . . ja . Main old companies over 100 years old (Top 5) 創業100年以上の主な長寿企業　（上位5社） 1.Okamoto 岡本(おかもと) 1560年 2.Kuwana-ya 桑名屋(くわなや) 1597年3.Tatebayashi 舘林(たてばやし) 1688年 4.Suzuki Bussan 鈴木物産(すずきぶつさん) 1695年 4.Nikishuzō 二木酒造(にきしゆぞう) 1695年.
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  161. Web site: 創業 100 年の「老舗企業」は群馬県内に 431 社 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150404065103/http://www.tdb.co.jp/report/watching/press/pdf/s110801_22.pdf . April 4, 2015 . November 5, 2013 . Teikoku Databank, Ltd..
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  165. Web site: ja:陶芸リレー【武雄温泉ハイツ＆中里茂右ェ門】 . http://takeotougeisai.sagafan.jp/e91791.html . November 9, 2013 . 武雄焼陶磁器ショップ 緑青 . ja.
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