Shiban Explained

Shiban
Khan of the Ulus of Jochi
Predecessor:Batu Khan
Issue:Bahadur
Salghan
Qadaq
Royal House:Borjigin
Dynasty:Mongol Empire
Father:Jochi Khan
Death Date:1248
Death Place:Eurasia

Shiban (Sheiban) or Shayban (Mongolian: Шибан, Shiban, also spelled Siban) was a prince of the early Golden Horde. He was a grandson of Genghis Khan, the fifth son of Jochi and a younger brother of Batu Khan who founded the Golden Horde. His descendants were the Shaybanids who became important about two centuries later.

Mongol invasion of Europe

Shiban participated the Mongol invasion of Europe and made a decisive attack on the army of Béla IV at the Battle of Mohi in 1241.

Territorial grants by the Golden Horde

Because he had not reached his majority when his father died in 1227, he did not receive any lands at that time. Abulghazi says that after this campaign, Batu gave Shiban lands east of the Ural Mountains on the lower parts of the Syr Darya, Chu River, and Sary su Rivers as winter quarters and the lands of the Ural River flowing off the east side of the Urals, as summer quarters. Shiban was also given 15,000 families as a gift from his brother Orda Khan, as well as the four Uruks of the Kuchis, the Naimans, the Karluks, and the Buiruks, while he assigned him as a camping ground all the country lying between that of his brother Orda Ichin and his own.[1] Thus Shiban's lands were somewhat between Batu's and Orda's and between the Ural mountains and the Caspian Sea.

Descendants

Although it is unknown how long he lived, his descendants continued to rule long after the breakup of the Ulus of Jochi (Golden Horde). It is merely said that he left twelve sons, namely Bainal or Yasal, Behadur, Kadak, Balagha, Cherik or Jerik, Mergen or Surkhan, Kurtugha or Kultuka, Ayachi or Abaji, Sailghan or Sasiltan, Beyanjar or Bayakachar, Majar, and Kunchi or Kuwinji.[2] [3] Shiban's descendants are known as the Shaybanids; his male line continues down to the present time.

One of Shiban's sons, Balagha Bey (Prince Balagha) assisted Hulagu Khan in taking Baghdad in 1258.[4] However, he died in unknown circumstances. According to William of Rubruck, he killed his cousin Güyük Khan in a violent brawl.

A number of Shiban's descendants ascended the throne of the Golden Horde after the extinction of the line of Batu in 1359, including the thrones of the Golden Horde's successor states, like the Khanate of Sibir and the Uzbek Khanate. Two sets of Shiban's descendants established themselves in Central Asia, founding the Khanates of Transoxiana (later Bukhara) and Khwarazm (later Khiva).

The following is a simplified line of descent to these rulers; generations start with Shiban (as 0); "Grey Horde" (following information in Ötemiš-Ḥājjī) designates the Ulus of Shiban in Bashkiria, but both the designation and the succession are somewhat tentative.[5] For the sake of accuracy and consistency, the names, which are found in a bewildering and inconsistent number of variations, are given below in the Perso-Arabic orthography of the major genealogical sources, the Muʿizz al-ansāb and the Tawārīḫ-i guzīdah-i nuṣrat-nāmah, in the standard scholarly transcription used in English-language scholarship (e.g., Bosworth 1996).

0 Shiban, 1st khan of the Grey Horde (d. 1248)

See also

References

Notes and References

  1. Abhulgazi, $5 pp.23
  2. Abhulgazi, $5 p., 191.
  3. Ud. Von Hammer, Golden Horde. Table. J Golden Horde, 303.
  4. http://www.deremilitari.org/resources/sources/baghdad.htm "The Mongol's besiege and capture Baghdad in 1258" De Re Militari: The Society for Medieval Military History
  5. Howorth 1880; Bosworth 1996: 252-262, 288-291, Gaev 2002, Sagdeeva 2005, Sabitov 2008; primary sources in Desmaisons 1871-1874, Judin 1992, Tizengauzen 2005 and 2006, Vohidov 2006.

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