In common usage, a scoop is any specialized spoon used to serve food.[1]
In the technical terms used by the food service industry and in the retail and wholesale food utensil industries, there is a clear distinction between three types of scoop: the disher, which is used to measure a portion e.g. cookie dough, to make melon balls, and often to serve ice cream (although manufacturers frequently advise against using dishers for ice cream and other frozen foods); the ice cream scoop, and the transfer scoop which is used to measure or to transfer an unspecified amount of a bulk dry foodstuff such as rice, flour, or sugar.
Dishers are usually hemispherical like an ice cream scoop, while measuring scoops are usually cylindrical, and transfer scoops are usually shovel-shaped. Some dishers have mechanical levers which help expel the disher's contents. Traditionally dishers are sized by the number of scoops per quart but may also be sized by ounces, the diameter of the bowl, or the number of tablespoons they hold.
Some higher-end ice cream scoops have a thermally conductive liquid in the handle to help keep the ice cream from freezing to the scoop's metal.
Alfred L. Cralle, a porter in a drug store and at a hotel in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,[2] [3] noticed that servers at the hotel had trouble with ice cream sticking to serving spoons, and he developed an ice cream scoop.[4] On June 10, 1896, Cralle applied for a patent on his invention. He was awarded patent 576,395 on February 2, 1897.[5] The patented "Ice Cream Mold and Disher" was an ice cream scoop with a built-in scraper to allow for one-handed operation.[6] [7] Cralle's functional design is reflected in modern ice cream scoops.[8]
Transfer scoops (a.k.a. utility scoops) are used to transfer bulk foods from large storage containers to smaller containers, and generally do not have any measurement markings, as their purpose is to transfer, and taking time to adjust the amount in a scoop would slow the transfer rate.
The table below is the standard definition in the U.S. food industry, but actual capacity varies by manufacturer.[9]
| U.S. fluid ounces (fl. oz.) ! | Spoon equivalent [11] | Metric | Diameter (inches) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4 | 8.0 | (1 cup) | 236.6 | 3 | |||
| 5 | 6.4 | (cup) | 189.3 | 3 | |||
| 6 | 5.3 | (cup) | 158 | 3 | |||
| 8 | Ice cream, jumbo cupcakes, mashed potatoes | 4.0 | (cup) | 118 | 2 | ||
| 10 | Texas-size muffins, popovers | 3.2 | (cup) | 95 | 2 | ||
| 12 | Ice cream, standard muffins | 2.7 | (cup) | 80 | 2 or 2 | ||
| 14 | 2.4 | (cup) | 71 | 2 | |||
| 16 | Pancakes | 2.0 | (cup) | 59 | 2 | ||
| 20 | Ice cream, giant cookies | 1.6 | (cup) | 47 | 2 | ||
| 24 | Regular cupcakes, sorbet, mashed potatoes | 1.3 | (cup) | 38 | 2 | ||
| 30 | Silver-dollar pancakes, candies | 1.1 | (cup) | 33 | 1 | ||
| 36 | 0.94 | (cup) | 27.8 | 1 | |||
| 40 | Mini muffins | 0.8 | (cup) | 24 | 1 | ||
| 50 | Mini cupcakes, canapés | 0.64 | (cup) | 19 | |||
| 60 | Large cookies | 0.53 | (cup) | 16 | |||
| 70 | Cookies | 0.46 | (cup) | 14 | 1 | ||
| 100 | Chocolate truffles | 0.32 | (cup) | 9 |