Ocimum gratissimum explained

Ocimum gratissimum, also known as clove basil, African basil,[1] and in Hawaii as wild basil,[2] is a species of basil. It is native to Africa, Madagascar, southern Asia, and the Bismarck Archipelago, and naturalized in Polynesia, Hawaii, Mexico, Panama, West Indies, Brazil, and Bolivia.[3]

Other names

O. gratissimum is a common culinary herb in West Africa and is used by some in the Caribbean, going by many local names, even in the Indian subcontinent.

Uses

In Nigeria, scent leave is used in making pepper soup, local rice, beans, plantain, even regular soup, and other delicacies.

Seed germination

Seeds seem to need strong sunlight to germinate, although germination has been achieved even during an average UK summer.[6]

Phytochemical compounds

The phytochemicals present in Ocimum gratissimum contains polyphenols such as Gallic acid, Rosmanol, rosmarinic acid, flavonoids such as Nepetrin, Quercetin, Rutin,

Catechin, and also alkaloids and terpenoids. Naringin, uteolin, Apigenin, Nepetoidin, Nevadensin, Hymenoxin, Salvigenin, Apigenin, 7,4,′-dimethyl ether, Basilimoside, 2alpha, 3 beta-Dihydroxyolean- 12en-28-oic acid, Methyl acetate, Oleanolic acid [7]

Pharmacology of extracts and essential oils

The essential oil of Ocimum gratissimum contains eugenol and shows some evidence of antibacterial activity.[8] [9] [10] [11] The essential oil has potential for use as a food preservative,[12] and is toxic to Leishmania.[13]

Insect repellent

O. gratissimum repels the thrips Thrips tabaci, and so is a useful insect repellent in other crops.[14]

Notes and References

  1. http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=OCGR PLANTS Profile for Ocimum gratissimum | USDA Plants, Retrieved Jan. 7, 2009.
  2. http://www.hear.org/starr/plants/images/species/?q=ocimum+gratissimum Ocimum gratissimum - Wild Basil (Lamiaceae)
  3. http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?name_id=136923 Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
  4. News: 2022-12-31. 2020. The Punch. Olufunke. Faluyi. The medicinal values of scent leaf (Ocimum gratissimum).
  5. Web site: Plant list .
  6. Influence of light, temperature and gibberellic acid on the germination of Ocimum gratissimum L. (Lamiaceae) seeds and evaluation of physiological quality by the X-ray test Martins J.R., Alvarenga A.A., Castro E.M., Batista L.A., Silva A.P.O. Revista Brasileira de Plantas Medicinais 2008 10:2 (44-49)
  7. 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.07.010. 26296761. 29821324. Phytol in a pharma-medico-stance. 2015. Elsevier BV. Chemico-Biological Interactions. Islam. Md. Torequl. de Alencar. Marcus Vinícius Oliveira Barros. da Conceição Machado. Katia. da Conceição Machado. Keylla. de Carvalho Melo-Cavalcante. Ana Amélia. de Sousa. Damiao Pergentino. de Freitas. Rivelilson Mendes. 240. 0009-2797. 60–73. Venuprasad . M.P. . Kumar Kandikattu . Hemanth . Razack . Sakina . Khanum . Farhath . May 2014 . Phytochemical analysis of Ocimum gratissimum by LC-ESI–MS/MS and its antioxidant and anxiolytic effects . . en . 92 . 151–158 . 10.1016/j.sajb.2014.02.010. free .
  8. Chemical composition, antibacterial activity in vitro and brine-shrimp toxicity of the essential oil from inflorescences of Ocimum gratissimum L., Lamiaceae Silva L.L., Heldwein C.G., Reetz L.G.B., Hörner R., Mallmann C.A., Heinzmann B.M. [In Process] Brazilian Journal of Pharmacognosy 2010 20:5 (700-705)
  9. http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=S0074-02761999000500022&script=sci_arttext&tlng=en Celso Vataru Nakamura, Tania Ueda-Nakamura, Erika Bando, Abrahão Fernandes Negrão Melo, Díogenes Aparício Garcia Cortez, Benedito Prado Dias Filho, "Antibacterial Activity of Ocimum gratissimum L. Essential Oil", Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Vol. 94(5): 675-678.
  10. Justification for the use of Ocimum gratissimum L in herbal medicine and its interaction with disc antibiotics Nweze E.I., Eze E.E. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2009 9 (37) Article Number 1472
  11. Nutritional and antimicrobial properties of Ocimum gratissimum leaves Oboh F.O.J., Madsodje H.I., Enabulele S.A. Journal of Biological Sciences 2009 9:4 (377-380)
  12. Food preservative potential of essential oils and fractions from Cymbopogon citratus, Ocimum gratissimum and Thymus vulgaris against mycotoxigenic fungi Nguefack J., Dongmo J.B.L., Dakole C.D., Leth V., Vismer H.F., Torp J., Guemdjom E.F.N., Mbeffo M., Tamgue O., Fotio D., Zollo P.H.A., Nkengfack A.E. International Journal of Food Microbiology 2009 131:2-3 (151-156)
  13. Effects of essential oils from Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf., Lippia sidoides Cham., and Ocimum gratissimum L. on growth and ultrastructure of Leishmania chagasi promastigotes Oliveira V.C.S., Moura D.M.S., Lopes J.A.D., De Andrade P.P., Da Silva N.H., Figueiredo R.C.B.Q. Parasitology Research 2009 104:5 (1053-1059)
  14. Kirk . William D. J. . de Kogel . Willem Jan . Koschier . Elisabeth H. . Teulon . David A. J. . Semiochemicals for Thrips and Their Use in Pest Management . . . 66 . 1 . 2021-01-07 . 0066-4170 . 10.1146/annurev-ento-022020-081531 . 101–119. 33417819 . 231304158 . free .

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