Scaphander Explained

Scaphander is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Scaphandridae, the canoe bubbles.^[1]

Species

Species within the genus Scaphander include:

• † Scaphander alaskensis Clark 1932 ^[2]
• Scaphander andamanicus E. A. Smith, 1894
• Scaphander attenuatus Schepman, 1913
• Scaphander bathymophilus Dall, 1881
• † Scaphander brevicula Philippi 1887 ^[3]
• Scaphander cancellatus E. von Martens, 1902
• Scaphander ceylanica E. A. Smith, 1904
• Scaphander clavus Dall, 1889
• Scaphander darius Marcus & Marcus, 1967
• † Scaphander dertonensis (Sacco, 1896)
• Scaphander dilatatus A. Adams, 1862
• † Scaphander duseni
• Scaphander edwardsii
• Scaphander elegans
• Scaphander elongatus A. Adams, 1862
• † Scaphander enysi (Hutton, 1873)
• † Scaphander flemingi Marwick, 1965
• Scaphander fortisi
• Scaphander gracilis Watson, 1886
• Scaphander grandis (Minichev, 1967)
• Scaphander grateloupi
• Scaphander ickei
• Scaphander illecebrosus Iredale, 1925
• Scaphander imperceptus (Bouchet, 1975)
• Scaphander impunctatus Hickman 1980 ^[4]
• Scaphander interruptus Dall, 1889 ^[5]
• Scaphander japonicus Adams, 1862
• † Scaphander javanus Martin 1879 ^[6]
• † Scaphander jugularis (Conrad, 1855) ^[7]
• † Scaphander komiticus Laws, 1939
• Scaphander laetus Thiele, 1925
• Scaphander langdoni
• Scaphander lignarius (Linnaeus, 1767)
• Scaphander lignarius lignarius (Linnaeus, 1758) - wood-grained canoe bubble
• † Scaphander malleatus Marwick, 1931
• Scaphander meridionalis Siegwald, Pastorino, Oskars & Malaquias, 2020
• † Scaphander miriamae Dell, 1952
• Scaphander mundus Watson, 1883 ^[8]
• † Scaphander nannus Woodring 1928 ^[9]
• Scaphander nobilis Verrill, 1884
• † Scaphander oligoturritus Sacco 1897 ^[10]
• Scaphander otagoensis Dell, 1956
• Scaphander parisiensis
• Scaphander planeticus Dall, 1908
• † Scaphander polysarcus Cossmann and Pissarro 1913 ^[11]
• Scaphander primus
• Scaphander punctostriatus (Mighels & C. B. Adams, 1842) - giant canoe-bubble
• Scaphander punnetostriatus
• † Scaphander radii Abbass 1967 ^[12]
• † Scaphander rarus Wade 1926 ^[13]
• † Scaphander remondi Philippi 1887 ^[3]
• Scaphander robustus Okutani, 1966
• † Scaphander scapha Laws, 1933
• Scaphander sibogae Schepman, 1913
• † Scaphander stewarti Durham 1944 ^[14]
• Scaphander subglobosus Schepman, 1913
• Scaphander sulcatinus A. Adams, 1862
• Scaphander takedai (Habe, 1981)
• † Scaphander tarbelliana (Grateloup, 1837)
• Scaphander teramachii (Habe, 1954)
• † Scaphander toringa Dell, 1952
• Scaphander vicinus E. A. Smith, 1906
• † Scaphander washingtonensis Tegland 1933 ^[14]
• † Scaphander watsoni Dall, 1881
• Scaphander watsoni rehderi
• Scaphander willetti Dall, 1919

Species brought into synonymy:

• Scaphander alatus''Dall, 1895: synonym of Scaphander mundus Watson, 1883
• Scaphander brownii Leach, 1852: synonym of Scaphander lignarius (Linnaeus, 1758)
• Scaphander cumingii A. Adams, 1862: synonym of Philine cumingii (A. Adams, 1862) (original combination)
• Scaphander cylindrellus Dall, 1908: synonym of Cylichnium cylindrellum (Dall, 1908) (original combination)
• Scaphander fragilis (Habe, 1952): synonym of Eoscaphander fragilis Habe, 1952
• Scaphander gibbulus Jeffreys, 1856: synonym of Weinkauffia gibbula (Jeffreys, 1856): synonym of Weinkauffia turgidula (Forbes, 1844) (original combination)
• Scaphander giganteus Risso, 1826: synonym of Scaphander lignarius (Linnaeus, 1758)
• Scaphander librarius Lovén, 1846: synonym of Scaphander punctostriatus (Mighels & C. B. Adams, 1842)
• Scaphander loisae Bullis, 1956: synonym of Scaphander bathymophilus (Dall, 1881)
• Scaphander mulitstriata Brazier, 1877: synonym of Scaphander multistriatus Brazier, 1877: synonym of Scaphander japonicus A. Adams, 1862 (incorrect gender of species epithet)
• Scaphander multistriatus Brazier, 1877: synonym of Scaphander japonicus A. Adams, 1862
• Scaphander niveus R. B. Watson, 1883: synonym of Sabatia nivea (R. B. Watson, 1883) (original combination)
• Scaphander pilsbryi McGinty, 1955: synonym of Scaphander darius Marcus & Marcus, 1967
• Scaphander pustulosus Dall, 1895: synonym of Sabatia pustulosa Dall, 1895 (original combination)
• Scaphander sibogae (Schepman, 1913): synonym of Scaphander attenuatus Schepman, 1913 (invalid: junior secondary homonym of Scaphander sibogae Schepman, 1913)
• Scaphander stigmatica Dall, 1927: synonym of Scaphander nobilis Verrill, 1884
• Scaphander subglobosa Schepman, 1913: synonym of Scaphander subglobosus Schepman, 1913 (original spelling; incorrect gender agreement of specific epithet)
• Scaphander targionius Risso, 1826: synonym of Scaphander lignarius (Linnaeus, 1758)

References

• ZipCodeZoo
• Powell A. W. B., New Zealand Mollusca, William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979

External links

• Miocene Gastropods and Biostratigraphy of the Kern River Area, California; United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 642
• Serge GOFAS, Ángel A. LUQUE, Joan Daniel OLIVER,José TEMPLADO & Alberto SERRA (2021) - The Mollusca of Galicia Bank (NE Atlantic Ocean); European Journal of Taxonomy 785: 1–114
• Siegwald, J., Oskars, T. R., Kano, Y. & Malaquias, M. A. E. (2022). A global phylogeny of the deep-sea gastropod family Scaphandridae (Heterobranchia: Cephalaspidea): Redefinition and generic classification. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 169: 107415

Notes and References

1. http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=137871 WoRMS : Scaphander
2. B. L. Clark. 1932. Fauna of the Poul and Yakataga Formations (Upper Oligocene) of Southern Alaska. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America 43:797-846
3. D. Frassinetti. 2001. Molluscos bivalvos y gastrópodos del Mioceno marino de Isla Stokes, sur de Chile. Boletín del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Chile 50:73-90
4. C. S. Hickman. 1980. Paleogene Marine Gastropods of the Keasey Formation in Oregon. Bulletins of American Paleontology 78(310):1-112
5. S. N. Nielson and C. Valdovinos. 2008. Early Pleistocene mollusks of the Tubul Formation, south-central Chile. The Nautilus 122(4):201-216
6. K. Martin. 1879. Die Tertiärschichten auf Java. Nach den Entdeckungen von Fr. Junghuhn. Geologische-Reichsmuseum 1-164
7. T. A. Conrad. 1855. Report Of Mr. T. A. Conrad On The Fossil Shells Collected In California By Wm. P. Blake, Geologist Of The Expedition Under The Command Of Lieutenant R. S. Williamson, United States Topographical Engineers. Description of the fossils and shells collected in California by William P. Blake, Geologist of the United States Pacific Railroad Survey in California. under the command of Lieut. R. S. Williamson, In 1853-54. Article 1 of Appendix to the Preliminary Geological Report of WIlliam P. Blake, Geologist of the Survey in California Under the Command of Lieut. R. S. Williamson. Palæontology 5-21
8. P. Bouchet, Opisthobranches de profondeur de l'Océan Atlantique: I - Cephalaspidea
9. W. P. Woodring. 1928. Miocene Molluscs from Bowden, Jamaica. Part 2: Gastropods and discussion of results. Contributions to the Geology and Palaeontology of the West Indies
10. M. Harzhauser, M. Euter, W. E. Piller, B. Berning, A. Kroh and O. Mandic. 2009. Oligocene and Early Miocene gastropods from Kutch (NW India) document an early biogeographic switch from Western Tethys to Indo-Pacific. Paläontologische Zeitschrift 83:333-372
11. P. Jeffery and S. Tracey. 1997. The Early Eocene London Clay Formation mollusc fauna of the former Bursledon Brickworks, Lower Swanwick, Hampshire. Tertiary Research 17(3-4):75-137
12. H. L. Abbass. 1967. A monograph on the Egyptian Paleocene and Eocene gastropods. United Arab Republic, Geological Survey-Geological Museum, Palaeontological Series, Monograph (4)1-154
13. N. F. Sohl. 1964. Neogastropoda, Opisthobranchia, and Basommatophora from the Ripley, Owl Creek, and Prairie Bluff Formations. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 331(B):153-344
14. J. W. Durham. 1944. Megafaunal zones of the Oligocene of northwestern Washington. University of California Publications in Geological Sciences 27:101 -212