| Calendar: | Islamic calendar |
| Num: | 2 |
| Days: | 29 or 30 (depends on actual observation of the moon's crescent) |
| Holidays: | Hijrah |
| Prev Month: | Muharram |
| Next Month: | Rabiʽ al-Awwal |
Safar (Arabic: صَفَر|translit=Ṣafar), also spelt as Safer in Turkish,[1] is the second month of the lunar Islamic calendar. The Arabic word ṣafar means "travel, migration", corresponding to the pre-Islamic Arabian time period when Muslims fled the oppression of Quraish in Mecca and travelled (mostly barefooted) to Madina.
Most of the Islamic months were named according to ancient Sabean/Sabaic weather conditions; however, since the calendar is lunar, the months shift by about 11 days every solar year, meaning that these conditions do not necessarily correspond to the name of the month.
The Islamic calendar is a purely lunar calendar, and its months begin when the first crescent of a new moon is sighted. Since the Islamic lunar year is 11 to 12 days shorter than the solar year, Safar migrates throughout the seasons. The estimated start and end dates for Safar are as follows (based on the Umm al-Qura calendar of Saudi Arabia[2]):
| AH | First day (CE/AD) | Last day (CE/AD) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1443 | 8 September 2021 | 6 October 2021 | |
| 1444 | 28 August 2022 | 26 September 2022 | |
| 1445 | 17 August 2023 | 15 September 2023 | |
| 1446 | 5 August 2024 | 3 September 2024 | |
| 1447 | 26 July 2025 | 23 August 2025 |