40S ribosomal protein S16 explained

40S ribosomal protein S16 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RPS16 gene.^{[1] [2] [3]}

Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 40S subunit. The protein belongs to the S9P family of ribosomal proteins. It is located in the cytoplasm. As is typical for genes encoding ribosomal proteins, there are multiple processed pseudogenes of this gene dispersed through the genome.^[3]

Interactions

Ribosomal protein S16 is one of the proteins from the small ribosomal subunit. It belongs to a ribosomal protein family that is divided into three groups based on sequence similarity:

* Eubacterial S16.

* Algal and plant chloroplast S16.

* Cyanelle S16.

* Neurospora crassa mitochondrial S24 (cyt-21).

S16 proteins have about 100 amino-acid residues. There are two paralogues in Arabidopsis thaliana, RPS16-1 (chloroplastic) and RPS16-2 (targeted to the chloroplast and the mitochondrion)

[4].

RPS16 has been shown to interact with CDC5L.^[4]

Further reading

• Wool IG, Chan YL, Glück A . Structure and evolution of mammalian ribosomal proteins. . Biochem. Cell Biol. . 73 . 11–12 . 933–47 . 1996 . 8722009 . 10.1139/o95-101 .
• Kato S, Sekine S, Oh SW, etal . Construction of a human full-length cDNA bank. . Gene . 150 . 2 . 243–50 . 1995 . 7821789 . 10.1016/0378-1119(94)90433-2 .
• Vladimirov SN, Ivanov AV, Karpova GG, etal . Characterization of the human small-ribosomal-subunit proteins by N-terminal and internal sequencing, and mass spectrometry. . Eur. J. Biochem. . 239 . 1 . 144–9 . 1996 . 8706699 . 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1996.0144u.x . free .
• Bonaldo MF, Lennon G, Soares MB . Normalization and subtraction: two approaches to facilitate gene discovery. . Genome Res. . 6 . 9 . 791–806 . 1997 . 8889548 . 10.1101/gr.6.9.791 . free .
• Lei XH, Shen X, Xu XQ, Bernstein HS . Human Cdc5, a regulator of mitotic entry, can act as a site-specific DNA binding protein. . J. Cell Sci. . 113 Pt 24 . 4523–31 . 2001 . 24 . 10.1242/jcs.113.24.4523 . 11082045 .
• Ajuh P, Kuster B, Panov K, etal . Functional analysis of the human CDC5L complex and identification of its components by mass spectrometry. . EMBO J. . 19 . 23 . 6569–81 . 2001 . 11101529 . 10.1093/emboj/19.23.6569 . 305846 .
• Andersen JS, Lyon CE, Fox AH, etal . Directed proteomic analysis of the human nucleolus. . Curr. Biol. . 12 . 1 . 1–11 . 2002 . 11790298 . 10.1016/S0960-9822(01)00650-9 . 14132033 . free . 2002CBio...12....1A .
• Yoshihama M, Uechi T, Asakawa S, etal . The human ribosomal protein genes: sequencing and comparative analysis of 73 genes. . Genome Res. . 12 . 3 . 379–90 . 2002 . 11875025 . 10.1101/gr.214202 . 155282 .
• Karan D, Kelly DL, Rizzino A, etal . Expression profile of differentially-regulated genes during progression of androgen-independent growth in human prostate cancer cells. . Carcinogenesis . 23 . 6 . 967–75 . 2002 . 12082018 . 10.1093/carcin/23.6.967 . free .
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, etal . Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 26 . 16899–903 . 2003 . 12477932 . 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . 139241 . 2002PNAS...9916899M . free .
• Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, etal . Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. . Nat. Genet. . 36 . 1 . 40–5 . 2004 . 14702039 . 10.1038/ng1285 . free .
• Bouwmeester T, Bauch A, Ruffner H, etal . A physical and functional map of the human TNF-alpha/NF-kappa B signal transduction pathway. . Nat. Cell Biol. . 6 . 2 . 97–105 . 2004 . 14743216 . 10.1038/ncb1086 . 11683986 .
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, etal . The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). . Genome Res. . 14 . 10B . 2121–7 . 2004 . 15489334 . 10.1101/gr.2596504 . 528928 .
• Andersen JS, Lam YW, Leung AK, etal . Nucleolar proteome dynamics. . Nature . 433 . 7021 . 77–83 . 2005 . 15635413 . 10.1038/nature03207 . 2005Natur.433...77A . 4344740 .
• Yu Y, Ji H, Doudna JA, Leary JA . Mass spectrometric analysis of the human 40S ribosomal subunit: native and HCV IRES-bound complexes. . Protein Sci. . 14 . 6 . 1438–46 . 2005 . 15883184 . 10.1110/ps.041293005 . 2253395 .
• Tu LC, Yan X, Hood L, Lin B . Proteomics analysis of the interactome of N-myc downstream regulated gene 1 and its interactions with the androgen response program in prostate cancer cells. . Mol. Cell. Proteomics . 6 . 4 . 575–88 . 2007 . 17220478 . 10.1074/mcp.M600249-MCP200 . free.
• Ewing RM, Chu P, Elisma F, etal . Large-scale mapping of human protein-protein interactions by mass spectrometry. . Mol. Syst. Biol. . 3 . 1. 89 . 2007 . 17353931 . 10.1038/msb4100134 . 1847948 .

Notes and References

1. Batra SK, Metzgar RS, Hollingsworth MA . Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of the human ribosomal protein S16 . J Biol Chem . 266 . 11 . 6830–3 . May 1991 . 10.1016/S0021-9258(20)89575-1 . 2016298 . free .
2. Kenmochi N, Kawaguchi T, Rozen S, Davis E, Goodman N, Hudson TJ, Tanaka T, Page DC . A map of 75 human ribosomal protein genes . Genome Res . 8 . 5 . 509–23 . August 1998 . 9582194 . 10.1101/gr.8.5.509. free .
3. Web site: Entrez Gene: RPS16 ribosomal protein S16.
4. Ajuh . P . Kuster B . Panov K . Zomerdijk J C . Mann M . Lamond A I . December 2000 . Functional analysis of the human CDC5L complex and identification of its components by mass spectrometry . EMBO J. . 19 . 23 . 6569–81 . ENGLAND. 0261-4189. 11101529 . 10.1093/emboj/19.23.6569 . 305846 .