Rootletin Explained

Symbol:	Rootletin
Rootletin
Pfam:	PF15035

Rootletin also known as ciliary rootlet coiled-coil protein (CROCC) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CROCC gene.^{[1] [2] [3]} Rootletin is a component of the ciliary rootlet, and, together with CEP68 and CEP250, is required for centrosome cohesion.^[4]

Rootletin is an important protein in the ciliary rootlet, particular for the structure and can be considered an important protein in mitosis as it is a centrosome linker.

Function

This protein forms part of the ciliary rootlet structure. It also helps to contribute to the centrosome cohesion before mitosis.^[5] Expression of rooletin leads to the formation of fibrous protein.

Structure

This protein is part of the structure of a ciliary rootlet. This cytoskeletal-like structure starts from the basal body at one end of the cilium and extends towards nucleus. Its molecular structure consists of a globular head domain and a tail domain made up of coiled-coil structures.^[1]

Protein interactions

A large coiled-coil protein, C-Nap1, is a docking site for the fibrous tether to proximal ends of centrioles which Rootletin physically interacts with. Furthermore, Rootletin is phosphorylated by Nek2 kinase.^[6]

Further reading

• Ching YP, Chan SF, Jeang KT, Jin DY . The retroviral oncoprotein Tax targets the coiled-coil centrosomal protein TAX1BP2 to induce centrosome overduplication. . Nat. Cell Biol. . 8 . 7 . 717–24 . 2006 . 16767081 . 10.1038/ncb1432 . 10722/54244 . 10140583 . free .
• Gregory SG, Barlow KF, McLay KE, etal . The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1. . Nature . 441 . 7091 . 315–21 . 2006 . 16710414 . 10.1038/nature04727 . 2006Natur.441..315G . free .
• Andersen JS, Wilkinson CJ, Mayor T, etal . Proteomic characterization of the human centrosome by protein correlation profiling. . Nature . 426 . 6966 . 570–4 . 2003 . 14654843 . 10.1038/nature02166 . 2003Natur.426..570A . 4427303 .
• Behrends U, Schneider I, Rössler S, etal . Novel tumor antigens identified by autologous antibody screening of childhood medulloblastoma cDNA libraries. . Int. J. Cancer . 106 . 2 . 244–51 . 2003 . 12800201 . 10.1002/ijc.11208 . free .
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, etal . Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 26 . 16899–903 . 2003 . 12477932 . 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . 139241 . 2002PNAS...9916899M . free .
• Seki N, Ohira M, Nagase T, etal . Characterization of cDNA clones in size-fractionated cDNA libraries from human brain. . DNA Res. . 4 . 5 . 345–9 . 1998 . 9455484 . 10.1093/dnares/4.5.345 . free .

Notes and References

1. Yang J, Liu X, Yue G, Adamian M, Bulgakov O, Li T . Rootletin, a novel coiled-coil protein, is a structural component of the ciliary rootlet . J Cell Biol . 159 . 3 . 431–40 . Nov 2002 . 12427867 . 2173070 . 10.1083/jcb.200207153 .
2. McClintock TS, Glasser CE, Bose SC, Bergman DA . Tissue expression patterns identify mouse cilia genes . Physiol Genomics . 32 . 2 . 198–206 . Jan 2008 . 17971504 . 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00128.2007 .
3. Web site: Entrez Gene: CROCC ciliary rootlet coiled-coil, rootletin.
4. Graser S, Stierhof YD, Nigg EA . Cep68 and Cep215 (Cdk5rap2) are required for centrosome cohesion . J. Cell Sci. . 120 . Pt 24 . 4321–31 . December 2007 . 18042621 . 10.1242/jcs.020248 . free .
5. Bahe S, Stierhof YD, Wilkinson CJ, Leiss F, Nigg EA . Rootletin forms centriole-associated filaments and functions in centrosome cohesion . J. Cell Biol. . 171 . 1 . 27–33 . October 2005 . 16203858 . 2171225 . 10.1083/jcb.200504107 .
6. Lim HH, Zhang T, Surana U . Regulation of centrosome separation in yeast and vertebrates: common threads . Trends Cell Biol. . 19 . 7 . 325–33 . July 2009 . 19576775 . 10.1016/j.tcb.2009.03.008 .