Road toll is the term used in New Zealand and Australia for the number of deaths caused annually by road accidents.
New Zealand reports a daily, monthly, quarterly and annual nationwide road toll,[1] plus special period figures for a number of holiday periods:[2]
The road toll includes deaths which occur within 7 days of a road accident as a result of injuries received in the accident. Deaths of pedestrians and cyclists are included, but deaths from vehicular accidents not on legal roads (e.g. on farms) are excluded.
The New Zealand road toll has exhibited a downward trend since the late 1980s through to 2010, which was attributed to a number of factors:
Road toll statistics are available from as far back as 1921, when records began. A peak was reached with 843 deaths in 1973. Here are some figures from the last few years (dashes indicate figures not published or unavailable).[3] [4] [5]
| Year | Road deaths | Fatal crashes | No. of injuries | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2012 | 308 | - | 12,122 | |
| 2013 | 253 | - | 11,781 | |
| 2014 | 293 | - | 11,219 | |
| 2015 | 317 | - | 12,270 | |
| 2016 | 327 | 285 | 12,456 | |
| 2017 | 378 | 344 | 14,039 | |
| 2018 | 378 | 14,696 | ||
| 2019 | 350 | 14,742 | ||
| 2020 | 318 | 292 | ||
| 2021 | 318 | 285 | ||
| 2022 | 372 | 335 | ||
| 2023 | 343 | 306 |
Road deaths and injuries per capita since 2000.[3]
| Year | Population (000) | Vehicles (000) | No. of fatalities | Per 100,000 population | Per 10,000 vehicles | No. of injuries | Per 100,000 population | Per 10,000 vehicles | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 3830.8 | 2601.7 | 462 | 12.1 | 1.8 | 10962 | 286 | 42.1 | |
| 2001 | 3850.1 | 2633.2 | 455 | 11.8 | 1.7 | 12368 | 321 | 47.0 | |
| 2002 | 3939.1 | 2709.5 | 405 | 10.3 | 1.5 | 13918 | 353 | 51.4 | |
| 2003 | 4009.2 | 2801.0 | 461 | 11.5 | 1.6 | 14372 | 359 | 51.3 | |
| 2004 | 4060.9 | 2920.7 | 435 | 10.7 | 1.5 | 13890 | 342 | 47.6 | |
| 2005 | 4098.3 | 3030.4 | 405 | 9.9 | 1.3 | 14451 | 353 | 47.7 | |
| 2006 | 4139.5 | 3124.3 | 393 | 9.5 | 1.3 | 15174 | 367 | 48.6 | |
| 2007 | 4228.3 | 3189.1 | 421 | 10.0 | 1.3 | 16013 | 379 | 50.2 | |
| 2008 | 4268.6 | 3247.8 | 366 | 8.6 | 1.1 | 15174 | 356 | 46.7 | |
| 2009 | 4315.8 | 3220.3 | 384 | 8.9 | 1.2 | 14541 | 337 | 45.2 | |
| 2010 | 4367.8 | 3230.6 | 375 | 8.6 | 1.2 | 14031 | 321 | 43.4 | |
| 2011 | 4405.3 | 3233.6 | 284 | 6.4 | 0.9 | 12574 | 285 | 38.9 | |
| 2012 | 4433.0 | 3250.1 | 308 | 6.9 | 0.9 | 12122 | 273 | 37.3 | |
| 2013 | 4471.1 | 3304.7 | 253 | 5.7 | 0.8 | 11781 | 264 | 35.6 | |
| 2014 | 4509.9 | 3398.1 | 293 | 6.5 | 0.9 | 11219 | 249 | 33.0 | |
| 2015 | 4596.7 | 3514.8 | 319 | 6.9 | 0.9 | 12270 | 267 | 34.9 | |
| 2016 | 4693.0 | 3656.3 | 327 | 7.0 | 0.9 | 12456 | 265 | 34.1 | |
| 2017 | 4,765 | 3,827 | 378 | 7.9 | 1 | 14,039 | 299 | 36.7 | |
| 2018 | 4,841 | 3,975 | 378 | 7.8 | 1 | 14,696 | 304 | 37 | |
| 2019 | 4,920 | 4,076 | 352 | 7.2 | 0.9 | 14,742 | 300 | 36.2 |
A breakdown of the types of road users involved in the road death toll since 2010.[3] [6]
| Year | Drivers | Passengers | Motor Cyclists | Cyclists | Pedestrians | Other | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Highest: | 307(1987) | 250 (1973) | 146(1988) | 41 (1957) | 157 (1973) | - | - | |
| Lowest: | 49 (1952) | 49 (2013) | 28 (2003) | 5(2016) | 25 (2015/2016) | |||
| 2010 | 180 | 98 | 50 | 10 | 36 | 2 | 375 | |
| 2011 | 150 | 61 | 33 | 9 | 31 | 0 | 284 | |
| 2012 | 135 | 82 | 50 | 8 | 33 | 0 | 308 | |
| 2013 | 125 | 49 | 39 | 8 | 30 | 2 | 253 | |
| 2014 | 127 | 70 | 43 | 10 | 43 | 0 | 293 | |
| 2015 | 157 | 75 | 54 | 6 | 25 | 2 | 319 | |
| 2016 | 163 | 78 | 52 | 5 | 25 | 4 | 327 | |
| 2017 | 161 | 66 | 34 | 16 | 32 | 309 | ||
| 2018 | 191 | 92 | 45 | 6 | 40 | 4 | 378 | |
| 2019 | 173 | 79 | 51 | 13 | 29 | 3 | 348 | |
| 2020 | 158 | 64 | 53 | 11 | 30 | 2 | 318 | |
| 2021 | 170 | 72 | 43 | 7 | 25 | 1 | 318 | |
| 2022 | 202 | 64 | 50 | 19 | 36 | 1 | 372 | |
| 2023 | 184 | 72 | 53 | 9 | 25 | 0 | 343 |
The following table gives the number of road toll deaths by age group from 2010. The total killed includes unknown aged fatalities.[3]
| Year | 0–14 years | 15–24 years | 25–39 years | 40–59 years | 60+ years | TOTAL | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2010 | 18 | 113 | 76 | 83 | 85 | 375 | |
| 2011 | 11 | 82 | 46 | 79 | 65 | 284 | |
| 2012 | 14 | 62 | 68 | 78 | 84 | 308 | |
| 2013 | 6 | 64 | 41 | 76 | 64 | 253 | |
| 2014 | 13 | 61 | 66 | 69 | 81 | 293 | |
| 2015 | 8 | 84 | 73 | 79 | 74 | 319 | |
| 2016 | 17 | 82 | 64 | 93 | 71 | 327 | |
| 2017 | 12 | 66 | 79 | 75 | 76 | 309 | |
| 2018 | 18 | 69 | 67 | 65 | 84 | 303 | |
| 2019 | 23 | 40 | 54 | 87 | 68 | 272 | |
| 2020 | 10 | 64 | 73 | 83 | 88 | 318 | |
| 2021 | 14 | 62 | 92 | 80 | 70 | 318 | |
| 2022 | 9 | 73 | 92 | 86 | 101 | 372 | |
| 2023 | 8 | 76 | 99 | 70 | 90 | 343 |
Local Body boundary changes mean that records have been kept from 1980 onwards. In November 2010, the Auckland Super City was established. The figures have been altered for Auckland and other regions to allow for this development.[3]
| REGION | Lowest Total | Highest Total | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Northland | 7 (2011) | 54 (1989) | 18 | 21 | 18 | 23 | 27 | 28 | 27 | 25 | 23 | |
| Auckland | 36 (2014) | 197 (1987) | 41 | 48 | 36 | 52 | 46 | 54 | 46 | 34 | 25 | |
| Waikato | 33 (2013) | 141 (1991) | 65 | 33 | 48 | 69 | 79 | 54 | 58 | 65 | 50 | |
| Bay of Plenty | 18 (2013) | 70 (1987) | 23 | 18 | 30 | 29 | 31 | 19 | 29 | 32 | 24 | |
| Gisborne / Hawke's Bay | 10 (2013) | 64 (1986) | 31 | 10 | 19 | 15 | 16 | 23 | 18 | 17 | 26 | |
| Taranaki | 7 (2013) | 45 (1991) | 17 | 7 | 11 | 8 | 12 | 2 | 15 | 15 | 11 | |
| Manawatu/Wanganui | 15 (2013) | 81 (1987) | 29 | 15 | 34 | 28 | 16 | 28 | 36 | 16 | 26 | |
| Wellington | 10 (2015) | 71 (1987) | 11 | 18 | 12 | 10 | 16 | 12 | 10 | 8 | 11 | |
| Nelson / Marlborough | 5 (2015) | 27 (1984) | 9 | 9 | 7 | 5 | 10 | 12 | 7 | 5 | 11 | |
| West Coast | 3 (1996) | 18 (2001) | 7 | 9 | 9 | 7 | 4 | 6 | 3 | 3 | 2 | |
| Canterbury | 32 (2009) | 96 (1989) | 33 | 49 | 38 | 47 | 34 | 45 | 38 | 35 | 23 | |
| Otago | 11 (2009) | 43 (1988) | 17 | 14 | 19 | 18 | 20 | 13 | 9 | 12 | 18 | |
| Southland | 2 (2013) | 25 (1984) | 7 | 2 | 12 | 8 | 16 | 13 | 7 | 5 | 8 |
Around 20% of deaths involve trucks,[7] though trucks form only about 3% of traffic on the roads.[8] A speed study of 188 trucks found 86% took corners faster than the recommended speed and, of truck crashes on the Kaikōura coast, 73% had rolled on a corners with an advisory speed sign.[9]
Overseas licence holders are involved in just over 6 percent of fatal and injury crashes.[10] In 2016 overseas drivers (those with an overseas drivers licence) were involved in 24 fatal traffic crashes, 114 serious injury crashes and 506 minor injury crashes. In comparison, in total in New Zealand in 2016, there were 286 fatal crashes, 2,099 serious injury crashes and 7,583 minor injury crashes.[11] Over the five years from 2012-2016, 6.2 percent of fatal and injury crashes involved an overseas driver. Over the same period, 4.1 percent of all drivers involved in crashes were overseas drivers. In 2019 6 fatal crashes involved overseas drivers, killing 17 people.[12]
In Australia the road toll is reported at a state level. Similar to New Zealand, Australia also reports national figures for special holidays, though usually only for the Christmas and Easter holiday periods.
In 2010, 1367 people lost their lives in road traffic crashes in Australia.[13] While strategies to reduce road toll, including legislation, improvements to vehicle's which help to make them safer, and educational programs have been developed by the national government, under the 1992 Road Safety Strategy, it is up to the local governments to adopt and enforce these policies.[14] The state of Victoria has implemented several initiatives such as speed camera, random alcohol breath tests, and an integrated state trauma system, which have successfully reduced the number of deaths caused by road traffic crashes.[15]
Random breath testing ("RBT"), utilized throughout Australia, differs from the sobriety check-points commonly used in other countries. In Australia, random breath testing is accomplished by setting up a highly visible road block, wherein all drivers passing through are asked to take an alcohol breath test, regardless of whether there is any cause to believe the driver has been drinking.[16] RBT was shown to reduce alcohol related road toll by 8–71% in fourteen different studies reviewed by Dr. Corinne Peek-Asa.[17] Requiring motorists and passengers to wear seat belts appears to have reduced the road toll in Australia.[18]