List of rice cultivars explained

This is a list of rice cultivars, also known as rice varieties. There are several species of grain called rice.[1] Asian rice (Oryza sativa) is most widely known and most widely grown, with two major subspecies (indica and japonica) and over 40,000 varieties.[2] Also included in this list are varieties of African rice (Oryza glaberrima) and wild rice (genus Zizania).

Rice may vary in genetics, grain length, color, thickness, stickiness, aroma, growing method, and other characteristics, leading to many cultivars. For instance, over nine major rice cultivars exist to make sake alone.[3] The two subspecies of Asian rice, indica and japonica, can generally be distinguished by length and stickiness. Indica rice is long-grained and unsticky, while japonica is short-grained and glutinous.[4]

Rice can also be divided based on processing type into the two broad categories of brown and white. Brown rice is whole grain, with only the inedible hull of the seed removed, while white rice additionally has the bran and germ removed through the process of milling.[5] Milled rice may not necessarily actually be white in color; there are purple, black, and red variants of rice, which can be eaten whole grain or milled.

The cultivars listed in this article may vary in any number of these characteristics, and most can be eaten whole grain or milled (brown or white). However, there are often strong cultural preferences for one or the other, depending on variety and region.

North American varieties

California varieties

Canadian varieties

Carolina varieties

Texas varieties

Louisiana varieties

African varieties

Australian varieties

Bhutanese varieties

Burmese varieties

Cambodian varieties

Chinese varieties

Dominican varieties

French varieties

Greek varieties

Indian varieties

Until 1970, India had about 110,000 varieties of rice and now it has about 6,000 varieties.[8]

Rice varieties of Punjab and Haryana

Basmati and premium non-basmati rice grows in Punjab and Haryana region of India, such as:[9] [10] [11]

Rice varieties of Andhra Pradesh

Andhra Pradesh are home to hundreds of rice varieties, such as:[12] [13] [14] [15]

Rice varieties of Odisha

Rice varieties of Telangana

West Bengal rice varieties

There are possibly up to 82,700 varieties of rice extant in India, and of those more than 5000 were found in West Bengal. However, only 150 of them are commonly grown. Many are grown organically to compete with more modern cultivars. The Agricultural Training Centre of West Bengal exists to conserve and promote the use of folk rice varieties, including many listed below.[18]

Indonesian rice varieties/landraces

In Indonesia, there are at least 45 varieties of rice for wet-field production (sawah) and 150 varieties of rice for dry-field production.[19]

Iranian varieties

Many varieties of rice are cultivated in Iran. A few of them are listed below.

Japanese varieties

Portuguese varieties

Spanish varieties

Taiwanese varieties

Thai varieties

Vietnamese varieties

See also

Notes and References

  1. News: History of rice cultivation - Ricepedia. Ricepedia. 2018-03-25. en-gb. https://web.archive.org/web/20180317080831/http://ricepedia.org/culture/history-of-rice-cultivation. 2018-03-17. live.
  2. Web site: Varieties - Rice Association. www.riceassociation.org.uk. 2018-03-25. https://web.archive.org/web/20180802162740/http://www.riceassociation.org.uk/content/1/10/varieties.html. 2018-08-02. live.
  3. Web site: Sake - types of rice used in brewing japanese rice wine. www.esake.com. 2018-03-25. https://web.archive.org/web/20180329100618/http://esake.com/Knowledge/Ingredients/Rice/rice.html. 2018-03-29. live.
  4. News: The two main types of rice: INDICA RICE and JAPONICA RICE. 2017-10-09. LEGroup Industries - RICE - TUNA - CHEESE - JAMS. 2018-03-25. en-US. https://web.archive.org/web/20180326012302/https://legroupindustries.com/the-two-main-types-of-rice-indica-rice-and-japonica-rice/. 2018-03-26. dead.
  5. News: The Difference Between White, Brown And Red Rice. Steen. Juliette. 2017-11-16. Huffington Post. 2018-03-25. en-AU. https://web.archive.org/web/20180325233357/https://www.huffingtonpost.com.au/2017/11/15/the-difference-between-white-brown-and-red-rice_a_23277524/. 2018-03-25. live.
  6. Web site: The Fading Glory Of Ekpoma Rice Production. 2018-03-25. https://web.archive.org/web/20180325232502/http://bbc11newz.blogspot.com/2015/10/the-fading-glory-of-ekpoma-rice.html. 2018-03-25. live.
  7. Web site: Agrino. Agrino, Tasting Greece. 16 January 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180117011856/http://www.agrino.com/#products. 17 January 2018. live.
  8. News: 2012-04-06 . From 1,10,000 varieties of rice to only 6,000 now . en-IN . The Hindu . 2022-07-04 . 0971-751X.
  9. Web site: Indian Basmati Rice Export Inspection Company in India | the Rice Professionals . 2018-07-24 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180725033709/https://www.thericeprofessionals.com/indian-rice/basmati-rice/ . 2018-07-25 . live .
  10. Web site: Non-Basmati Rice - the Rice Professionals . 2018-07-24 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180725033226/https://www.thericeprofessionals.com/indian-rice/non-basmati-rice/ . 2018-07-25 . live .
  11. Web site: Indian Rice Inspection - Indian Basmati Rice & Non-Basmati Rice . 2018-07-24 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180725020137/https://www.thericeprofessionals.com/indian-rice/ . 2018-07-25 . live .
  12. Web site: Archived copy . 2018-05-06 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180606074338/http://ikisan.in/tg-rice-varieties.html . 2018-06-06 . live .
  13. Web site: Details of Rice Varieties : 10 . 2018-05-06 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180511020557/http://drdpat.bih.nic.in/Rice%20Varieties%20-%2010.htm . 2018-05-11 . live .
  14. Web site: Paddy varieties | agropedia . 2018-05-06 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180506174112/http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/content/paddy-varieties-0 . 2018-05-06 . live .
  15. Web site: News Item stating the ban on export of rice varieties.
  16. Web site: Totvariety . 2022-12-11 . odishaseedsportal.nic.in.
  17. Web site: Details of Rice Varieties : 1 . 2022-12-11 . drdpat.bih.nic.in.
  18. News: West Bengal government encourages cultivation of extinct rice varieties. Ghosal. Sutanuka. 2017-09-11. The Economic Times. 2018-03-25. https://web.archive.org/web/20180326064054/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/agriculture/west-bengal-government-encourages-cultivation-of-extinct-rice-varieties/articleshow/60460634.cms. 2018-03-26. live.
  19. Web site: Page:A dictionary of the Sunda language of Java.djvu/376 - Wikisource, the free online library. En.wikisource.org. 16 January 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180116193409/https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Page:A_dictionary_of_the_Sunda_language_of_Java.djvu/376. 16 January 2018. live.
  20. Pazuki . Arman . Sohani . Mehdi . amp . 2013 . Phenotypic evaluation of scutellum-derived calluses in 'Indica' rice cultivars . Acta Agriculturae Slovenica . 101 . 2 . 239–247 . 10.2478/acas-2013-0020 . free .
  21. Jain . Rashmi . Jenkins . Jerry . Shu . Shengqiang . Chern . Mawsheng . Martin . Joel A. . Copetti . Dario . Duong . Phat Q. . Pham . Nikki T. . Kudrna . David A. . Talag . Jayson . Schackwitz . Wendy S. . Lipzen . Anna M. . Dilworth . David . Bauer . Diane . Grimwood . Jane . Nelson . Catherine R. . Xing . Feng . Xie . Weibo . Barry . Kerrie W. . Wing . Rod A. . Schmutz . Jeremy . Li . Guotian . Ronald . Pamela C. . Genome sequence of the model rice variety KitaakeX . BMC Genomics . December 2019 . 20 . 1 . 905 . 10.1186/s12864-019-6262-4 . 31775618 . 6882167 . free .

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