Voiced retroflex flap explained

Ipa Symbol:ɽ
Ipa Number:125
Decimal:637
X-Sampa:r`
Kirshenbaum:
  • .

|braille=256|braille2=r|imagefile=IPA Unicode 0x027D.svg|imagesize=150px}}

The voiced retroflex flap is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is (IPA|ɽ), and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is r`.

Features

Features of the voiced retroflex flap:

Occurrence

Language Word Meaning Notes
BengaliBengali: [[Bengali alphabet|গা'''ড়ি''']]pronounced as /[ɡäɽiː]/'car'Apical postalveolar. See Bengali phonology
DutchNorth BrabantDutch; Flemish: [[Dutch orthography|'''r'''iem]]|italic=yespronounced as /[ɽim]/'belt'A rare word-initial variant of pronounced as //r//. Realization of pronounced as //r// varies considerably among dialects. See Dutch phonology
Northern Netherlands
Elfdalian'''l'''uvpronounced as /[ɽʏːv]/'permission'
Engapronounced as /[jɑɽɑ]/'shame'
Gokana[1] be'''l'''epronounced as /[beːɽeː]/'we'Apical postalveolar. Allophone of pronounced as //l//, medially between vowels within the morpheme, and finally in the morpheme before a following vowel in the same word. It can be a postalveolar trill or simply pronounced as /link/ instead.
Hausapronounced as /[bəɽä]/'servant'Represented in Arabic script with (ر)
HindustaniHindiHindi: [[Devanagari|ब'''ड़ा''']]pronounced as /[bəɽäː]/'big'Apical postalveolar; contrasts unaspirated and aspirated forms. See Hindustani phonology
UrduUrdu: [[Urdu alphabet|بڑا]]|rtl=yes
Nepalipronounced as /[bʱäɽä]/'rent'Apical postalveolar; postvocalic allophone of pronounced as //ɖ, ɖʱ//. See Nepali phonology
NorwegianCentral dialectsNorwegian: [[Norwegian alphabet|b'''l'''ad]]|italic=yespronounced as /[bɽɑː]/'leaf'Allophone of pronounced as //l// and pronounced as //r//. In Urban East Norwegian it often alternates with the alveolar pronounced as /link/, save for a small number of words. See Norwegian phonology
Eastern dialects
OdiaOriya: [[Odia script|ଗା'''ଡ଼ି''']]pronounced as /[ɡäɽiː]/'car'Apical postalveolar; postvocalic allophone of pronounced as //ɖ, ɖʱ//.
Okinawanpronounced as /[kaɽatii]/'karate'Intervocalic allophone of pronounced as /link/.
PortugueseSome European speakers[2] Portuguese: [[Portuguese orthography|fala'''r''']]|italic=yespronounced as /[fɐˈläɽ]/'to speak'Allophone of pronounced as /link/. See Portuguese phonology
Brazilian caipira speakers[3] [4] Portuguese: [[Portuguese orthography|madei'''r'''a]]|italic=yespronounced as /[mäˈd̪eɽə]/'wood'
Some sertanejo speakers[5] Portuguese: [[Portuguese orthography|ga'''r'''galha'''r''']]|italic=yes'to guffaw'
Punjabi[6] GurmukhiPanjabi; Punjabi: [[Gurmukhi|ਘੋ'''ੜਾ''']]pronounced as /[gʱòːɽaː]/'horse'
ShahmukhiPanjabi; Punjabi: [[Shahmukhi alphabet|گھو'''ڑ'''ا]]|rtl=yes
Scottish GaelicLewisGaelic; Scottish Gaelic: [[Scottish Gaelic orthography|thui'''r'''t]]|italic=yespronounced as /[hʉɽʈ]/'said'Possible realisation of pronounced as //rˠ//.
Shipibo'''r'''o'''r'''opronounced as /[ˈɽo̽ɽo̽]/'to break'Apical postalveolar; possible realization of pronounced as //r//.
SwedishSome dialectsSwedish: [[Swedish alphabet|b'''l'''ad]]|italic=yespronounced as /[bɽɑː(d)]/'leaf'Allophone of pronounced as /link/ and pronounced as /link/. See Swedish phonology
TamilTamil: [[Tamil script|நாடு]]pronounced as /[naːɽɯ]/'country'Intervocalic and word-medial allophone of pronounced as /link/. See Tamil phonology
TeluguTelugu: గోడుpronounced as /[goːɽu]/'grief'Allophone of /ɖ/
TukanoYe’pâ-Masapetâ-depronounced as /[pɛ̀ɛ̥̀táɽɛ᷆]/'(relative to the) port'Realisation of in certain positions. Nasalised pronounced as /[ɽ͂]/ in nasal contexts.
Wapishanapronounced as /[pɨɖaɽɨ]/'your father'
Warlpirija'''rd'''apronounced as /[caɽa]/'sleep'Transcribes pronounced as //ɽ// as rd.
Yidiny[7] pronounced as /[gambi:ɽ]/'tablelands'

See also

References

    • Book: Goeman . Ton . van de Velde . Hans . Co-occurrence constraints on /r/ and /ɣ/ in Dutch dialects . 91–112 . van Hout . Roeland . van de Velde . Hans . 2001 . 'r-atics . Rapport d'Activités de l'Institut des Langues Vivantes et de Phonétique . Etudes & Travaux . Brussels . 0777-3692 . https://www.researchgate.net/publication/254818745.
                      • Book: Verstraten . Bart . van de Velde . Hans . Socio-geographical variation of /r/ in standard Dutch . 45–61 . van Hout . Roeland . van de Velde . Hans . 2001 . 'r-atics . Rapport d'Activités de l'Institut des Langues Vivantes et de Phonétique . Etudes & Travaux . Brussels . 0777-3692 . https://www.researchgate.net/publication/254818745.
  • Book: Masica, Colin . 1991 . The Indo-Aryan Languages . Cambridge Language Surveys . Cambridge . Cambridge University Press . 978-0-521-29944-2.

External links

pronounced as /navigation/

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Notes and References

  1. Web site: Outlines of the phonology of the Gokana dialect of Ogoni . L.F. Brosnahan . 2013-11-24 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20130403122650/http://www.journalofwestafricanlanguages.org/Files/pdf/01-1/jwal-01-1-Brosnahan.pdf . 2013-04-03 .
  2. http://cl.up.pt/arquivo/como/tabela_fenomenos.pdf Lista das marcas dialetais e ouros fenómenos de variação (fonética e fonológica) identificados nas amostras do Arquivo Dialetal do CLUP
  3. Acoustic-phonetic characteristics of the Brazilian Portuguese's retroflex /r/: data from respondents in Pato Branco, Paraná . Irineu da Silva Ferraz. Pages 19–21
  4. Syllable coda /r/ in the "capital" of the paulista hinterland: sociolinguistic analisis . Cândida Mara Britto LEITE. Page 111 (page 2 in the attached PDF)
  5. Rhotic consonants in the speech of three municipalities of Rio de Janeiro: Petrópolis, Itaperuna and Paraty . Pages 22 and 23.
  6. Book: Bashir. Elena. Elena Bashir. A Descriptive Grammar of Hindko, Panjabi, and Saraiki. J. Conners. Thomas. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. 2019. 9781614512257. 4 of Mouton-CASL Grammar Series. 24. en. 3.3.1.
  7. Book: Dixon, R.M.W . A Grammar of Yidiɲ . Cambridge University Press . 1977 . 978-0-521-14242-7 . London, New York, Melbourne . 3 . en.