Rail transport in Belgium explained

Belgium
Nationalrailway:NMBS/SNCB
Infrastructure:Infrabel
Majoroperators:Thalys, Eurostar, SNCF, DB (passengers), Lineas, Crossrail, DB Cargo Belgium, SNCF Fret (freight)
Ridership:244.6 million per year (2023)[1]
Passkm:10.441 billion per year (2023)
Freight:53.5 million tonnes per year (2023)[2]
Length:3733km (2,320miles) (2022)[3]
Doublelength:2934km (1,823miles) (2023)[4]
Ellength:3286km (2,042miles) (2022)
El1:3000 V DC
El1length:Main network
El2:25 kV AC
El2length:High-speed lines and recent electrification
Nostations:555 (2023)

Belgium has an extensive rail network. It is a member of the International Union of Railways (UIC). The UIC Country Code for Belgium is 88.

History

See main article: History of rail transport in Belgium. On May 5, 1835, the first railway in continental Europe opened between Brussels-Groendreef/Allée verte and Mechelen. Some sort of railroad or canal had been envisaged as early as 1830. The feasibility of a railroad was investigated by engineers Pierre Simons and Gustave De Ridder. The first trains were Stephenson engines imported from Great Britain. The engines were called Pijl meaning Arrow, Olifant meaning Elephant, and 'Stephenson' (named after its designer). They pulled bench-cars and diligences. On the return from Mechelen, the Olifant pulled all 30 cars. By 1840, Ghent, Bruges, Ostend, Antwerp, Mechelen, Brussels and Leuven were connected. The lines that had to reach Liège, Mons and Kortrijk were partially completed. In 1843, when the major East-West/North-South axes were complete, private companies were allowed to construct and use their own rail systems. These were crucial in the industrialisation of the country.

In 1870, the Belgian state owned of rail lines, while the private enterprises owned . From 1870 to 1882, the railways were gradually nationalised. In 1912, were state property compared to private lines. Full nationalisation was considered at the time but was not enacted until 1926, when the SNCB was started. It was named the SNCB (Société nationale des Chemins de Fer belges) or NMBS (Nationale Maatschappij der Belgische Spoorwegen), named in a similar way to the French rail network, SNCF, which was founded 12 years later. In 1958 the network was fully state-owned. On 5 May 1935 the SNCB started with electrification on the line Brussels North to Antwerp Central, .

Infrastructure

In 2003, the network constituted of railways, all of which were standard gauge: . Of all of those railways, were also electrified. Most electrified Belgian lines use a 3 kV DC overhead power supply, but the high speed-lines are electrified at 25 kV AC, as are recent electrifications in the south of the country (Rivage - Gouvy and Dinant - Athus lines).

Trains in Belgium normally run on the left hand track.[5] This is in contrast to road vehicles, which drive on the right hand side of the road and is evidence of the British involvement in building the rail network in the 19th century.

The railway network is controlled and maintained by Infrabel.

Policy

Belgium operates a policy of cheap rail travel. Citizens in Belgium, especially students and older citizens, are offered incentives and cheaper fares in order to alleviate congestion on the nation's roads. Public sector employees are entitled to a free or heavily subsidised season ticket for commuting by rail. Many private sector employers will make a contribution to the cost of a season ticket. Smoking is prohibited in all railway stations, and all tracks since January 2023 (enclosed and outside too[6]), and passenger cars.

Rail links with adjacent countries

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Activiteiten- en duurzaamheidsverslag 2023 . NMBS. nl. July 28, 2024.
  2. Web site: Goederenvervoer per spoor in België op laagste peil in zeven jaar . Flows. nl. July 28, 2024. March 13, 2024 .
  3. Web site: Geëlektrificeerd deel van het netwerk . Infrabel. nl. July 28, 2024.
  4. Web site: Kilometers spoorlijnen per type lijnen . Infrabel . nl. July 28, 2024.
  5. Web site: interoperability - maps and facts on European interoperability issues. www.bueker.net. 2015-10-11.
  6. Web site: Des quais 100% non-fumeurs. belgiantrain.be.
  7. Web site: OpenRailwayMap . 2023-10-01 . www.openrailwaymap.org.
  8. Web site: Ligne 156B : Chimay - Momignies. cheminsdurail.be. 2015-07-20. 2017-02-03. https://web.archive.org/web/20170203062050/http://cheminsdurail.be/voies-vertes/wallonie/ligne/156B. dead.