Racial invariance explained

In criminology, racial invariance refers to a hypothesis that the effects of structural disadvantage on rates of violent crime are the same for all racial groups.^[1] This hypothesis is a major component of structural perspectives on the causes of crime, such as social disorganization theory and anomie.^{[2] [3]} It can be traced back to William Julius Wilson's 1987 book The Truly Disadvantaged, which argued that racial differences in crime rates are due to differences in the communities in which American whites and blacks live.^[4] Since then, it has become a major component of the general theory of crime.^[5]

Notes and References

1. Laurence . James . Community Disadvantage and Race-Specific Rates of Violent Crime: An Investigation into the "Racial Invariance" Hypothesis in the United Kingdom . Deviant Behavior . 36 . 12 . 974–995 . 10.1080/01639625.2014.982749. 2015 .
2. Hannon . Lance . DeFina . Robert . Violent Crime in African American and White Neighborhoods: Is Poverty's Detrimental Effect Race-Specific? . Journal of Poverty . 9 . 3 . 49–67 . 10.1300/j134v09n03_03. 2005 . 10.1.1.587.5383 .
3. Ousey . Graham C. . 1999-05-01 . Homicide, Structural Factors, and the Racial Invariance Assumption* . Criminology . en . 37 . 2 . 405–426 . 10.1111/j.1745-9125.1999.tb00491.x . 1745-9125.
4. Steffensmeier . Darrell . Ulmer . Jeffery T. . Feldmeyer . Ben . Harris . Casey T. . 2010-11-01 . Scope and Conceptual Issues in Testing the Race–Crime Invariance Thesis: Black, White, and Hispanic Comparisons* . Criminology . en . 48 . 4 . 1133–1169 . 10.1111/j.1745-9125.2010.00214.x . 25408558 . 1745-9125. 4233132 .
5. Unnever . James D. . Barnes . J. C. . Cullen . Francis T. . The Racial Invariance Thesis Revisited . Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice . 32 . 1 . 7–26 . 10.1177/1043986215607254. 2016 .