Quatrefoil reentry explained

Quatrefoil reentry is a type of cardiac arrhythmia that consists of two adjacent figure-of-eight reentrant circuits.

Quatrefoil reentry was predicted by bidomain simulations in 1991[1] and observed experimentally in 1999.[2] Quatrefoil reentry can be induced by stimulating the heart through a single electrode twice, with the second stimulus timed near the end of the refractory period of the first action potential. If the second stimulus is a cathode, the wave fronts propagate initially parallel to the myocardial fibers; if it is an anode, the wave fronts propagate initially perpendicular to the fibers. Quatrefoil reentry can be understood qualitatively using a simple cellular automaton.[3]

Notes and References

  1. 10.1142/S0218127491000671 . Roth BJ, Saypol JM . 1991 . The formation of a re-entrant action potential wave front in tissue with unequal anisotropy ratios . International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos . 1 . 4 . 927–928 . 1991IJBC....1..927R .
  2. 10.1111/j.1540-8167.1999.tb00715.x . Lin SF, Roth BJ, ((Wikswo JP Jr)) . 1999 . Quatrefoil reentry in myocardium: An optical imaging study of the induction mechanism . Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology . 10 . 574–586 . 10355700 . 4 . 8440276 .
  3. Roth BJ . 2002 . Virtual electrodes made simple: A cellular excitable medium modified for strong electrical stimuli . The Online Journal of Cardiology .

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