Pycnodontidae Explained

Pycnodontidae is an extinct family of ray-finned fishes, ranging from the Jurassic period until the Eocene. It was the largest and most derived family of the successful Mesozoic fish order Pycnodontiformes, and the only member of it to survive into the Cenozoic.

Genera

The following genera are known:^[1]

• Abdobalistum Poyato-Ariza & Wenz, 2002
• Acrotemnus Agassiz, 1843 (=Macropycnodon Shimada et al., 2010)^[2]
• Agassizilia? Cooper & Martill, 2020^[3]
• Agoultpycnodus Taverne & Capasso, 2021^[4]
• Akromystax Poyato-Ariza & Wenz, 2005^[5]
• Anomoeodus Forir, 1887
• Apomesodon Poyato-Ariza & Wenz, 2002^[6]
• Athrodon Sauvage, 1880
• Brauccipycnodus Taverne & Capasso, 2021^[7]
• Coelodus Heckel, 1854
• Costapycnodus Taverne, Capasso & del Re, 2019^[8]
• Flagellipinna Cawley & Kriwet, 2019^[9]
• Gregoriopycnodus Taverne, Capasso & del Re, 2020^[10]
• Haqelpycnodus Taverne & Capasso, 2018^[11]
• Iemanja Wenz, 1989
• Libanopycnodus Taverne & Capasso, 2018^[12]
• Macromesodon Blake, 1905
• Micropycnodon Hibbard & Graffham, 1945
• Neomesturus Cooper & Martill 2020
• Neoproscinetes de Figueiredo & Silva Santos, 1990
• Njoerdichthys Cawley, Lehmann, Wiese & Kriwet, 2020^[13]
• Nonaphalagodus Thurmond, 1974
• Nursallia Blot, 1987
• Ocloedus Poyato-Ariza & Wenz, 2002
• Omphalodus von Meyer, 1847
• Oropycnodus Poyato-Ariza & Wenz, 2002
• Palaeobalistum Blainville 1818
• Paranursallia Taverne et al. 2015^[14]
• Polazzodus Poyato-Ariza 2010
• Polypsephis Hay, 1899 (=Microdon Agassiz 1833 (preoccupied))
• Potiguara Machado & Brito, 2006^[15]
• Proscinetes Gistl, 1848
• Pycnodus Agassiz, 1835
• Pycnomicrodon Hibbard and Graffham, 1941
• Rhinopycnodus Taverne & Capasso, 2013^[16]
• Scalacurvichthys Cawley & Kriwet, 2017^[17]
• Sigmapycnodus Taverne & Capasso, 2018
• Sphaerodus Agassiz, 1843
• Stemmatodus Heckel, 1856
• Stenamara Poyato-Ariza & Wenz, 2000^[18]
• Sylvienodus Poyato-Ariza, 2013^[19]
• Tepexichthys Applegate, 1992
• Tergestinia Capasso, 2000
• Texasensis Özdikmen, 2009 (=Callodus Thurmond, 1974 (preoccupied))^[20]
• Thiollierepycnodus Ebert, 2020^[21]
• Turbomesodon Poyato-Ariza & Wenz, 2004
• Typodus Quenstedt, 1858 (=Mesodon Wagner, 1851)
• "Xinjiangodus" Zhou et al., 2023^[22] (junior homonym)

Notes and References

1. Web site: PBDB Taxon . 2024-06-01 . paleobiodb.org.
2. Shimada . Kenshu . Portillo . Diane S. . Cronin . Timothy J. . 2021-08-01 . A new pycnodont specimen (Actinopterygii: Pycnodontiformes) from the Upper Cretaceous of Big Bend National Park, Texas, USA, confirming the bony fish genus Macropycnodon as a junior synonym of Acrotemnus . Cretaceous Research . 124 . 104797 . 10.1016/j.cretres.2021.104797 . 2021CrRes.12404797S . 0195-6671.
3. Cooper . Samuel L. A. . Martill . David M. . 2020-08-01 . A diverse assemblage of pycnodont fishes (Actinopterygii, Pycnodontiformes) from the mid-Cretaceous, continental Kem Kem Group of south-east Morocco . Cretaceous Research . 112 . 104456 . 10.1016/j.cretres.2020.104456 . 2020CrRes.11204456C . 0195-6671.
4. Taverne . Louis . Capasso . Luigi . 2021 . Osteology and phylogenetic relationships of Agoultpycnodus aldrovandii gen. and sp. nov., a new pycnodont fish genus (Pycnodontidae) from the marine Late Cretaceous of Morocco. . Geo-Eco-Trop . 45 . 487–495.
5. Poyato-Ariza . Francisco José . Wenz . Sylvie . 2005-03-11 . Akromystax tilmachiton gen. et sp. nov., a new pycnodontid fish from the Lebanese Late Cretaceous of Haqel and En Nammoura . Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology . en . 25 . 1 . 27–45 . 10.1671/0272-4634(2005)025[0027:ATGESN]2.0.CO;2 . 0272-4634.
6. Poyato-Ariza . Francisco . Wenz . Sylvie . January 2002 . A new insight into pycnodontiform fishes . Geodiversitas . 10 November 2023.
7. Taverne . Louis . Capasso . Luigi . 2021 . Osteology and relationships of Brauccipycnodus pillae gen. nov. from the Albian (Lower Cretaceous) of Pietraroja (Campania, southern Italy) . Geo-Eco-Trop . 45 . 161–175.
8. Web site: The pycnodont fishes from the Lower Cretaceous of the Capo d'Orlando, near Castellammare di Stabia (Naples, Campania, southern Italy), with the description of the new genus Costapycnodus . 2024-06-01 . ricerca.unich.it.
9. Cawley . John Joseph . Kriwet . Jürgen . 2019-03-04 . A new genus and species of pycnodontid fish Flagellipinna rhomboides, gen. et sp. nov. (Neopterygii, Pycnodontiformes), from the Upper Cretaceous (Cenomanian) of Lebanon, with notes on juvenile form and ecology . Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology . en . 39 . 2 . e1614012 . 10.1080/02724634.2019.1614012 . 0272-4634 . 6817322 . 31709027. 2019JVPal..39E4012C .
10. Web site: Osteology and phylogenetic relationships of Gregoriopycnodus bassanii gen. nov., a pycnodont fish (Pycnodontidae) from the marine Albian (Lower Cretaceous) of Pietraroja (southern Italy) . 2024-06-01 . www.museiscienzenaturaliefisiche.it.
11. Web site: Osteology and phylogenetic relationships of Haqelpycnodus picteti gen. and sp. nov., a new pycnodont fish genus (Pycnodontidae) from the marine Late cCretaceous tropical sea of Lebanon . 2024-06-01 . ricerca.unich.it.
12. Taverne . Louis . Capasso . Luigi . 2018-03-28 . Osteology and relationships of Libanopycnodus wenzi gen. et sp. nov. and Sigmapycnodus giganteus gen. et sp. nov. (Pycnodontiformes) from the Late Cretaceous of Lebanon . European Journal of Taxonomy . en . 420 . 10.5852/ejt.2018.420 . 2118-9773.
13. Cawley . John . Lehmann . Jens . Wiese . Frank . Kriwet . Jürgen . 2020-12-01 . Njoerdichthys dyckerhoffi gen. et sp. nov. (Pycnodontiformes, lower Turonian) northward migration caused by the Cretaceous Thermal Maximum . Cretaceous Research . 116 . 104590 . 10.1016/j.cretres.2020.104590 . 0195-6671 . 7611863 . 34690488. 2020CrRes.11604590C .
14. Taverne . Louis . Layeb . Mohsen . Layeb-Tounsi . Yosra . Gaudant . Jean . 2015 . Paranursallia spinosa n. gen., n. sp., a new Upper Cretaceous pycnodontiform fish from the Eurafrican Mesogea . Geodiversitas . 37 . 2 . 215–227 . 10.5252/g2015n2a3 . 1280-9659.
15. Machado . Lúcio Paulo C. . Brito . Paulo M. . 2006-03-30 . The new genus Potiguara (Actinopterygii: Pycnodontiformes) from the Upper Cretaceous of northeast Brazil . Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology . en . 26 . 1 . 1–6 . 10.1671/0272-4634(2006)26[1:TNGPAP]2.0.CO;2 . 0272-4634.
16. Taverne . Louis . Capasso . Luigi . 2013-12-04 . Osteology and relationships of Rhinopycnodus gabriellae gen. et sp. nov. (Pycnodontiformes) from the marine Late Cretaceous of Lebanon . European Journal of Taxonomy . en . 67 . 10.5852/ejt.2013.67 . 2118-9773.
17. Cawley . John . Kriwet . Jürgen . 14 June 2017 . A new pycnodont fish, Scalacurvichthys naishi gen. et sp. nov., from the Late Cretaceous of Israel . Journal of Systematic Palaeontology . 16 . 8 . 659–673 . 10.1080/14772019.2017.1330772 . 5849399 . 29551954.
18. Poyato-Ariza . Francisco Jose . Wenz . Sylvie . 2000 . A new pycnodontiform fish from the Early Cretaceous of Las Hoyas (Cuenca, Spain) . 2024-06-01 . Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France . 171 . 2 . 251–258 . 10.2113/171.2.251.
19. Poyato-Ariza . Francisco José . 2013 . Sylvienodus, a new replacement genus for the Cretaceous pycnodontiform fish "Pycnodus" laveirensis . Comptes Rendus Palevol . 12 . 2 . 91–100 . 10.1016/j.crpv.2013.01.001 . 2013CRPal..12...91P . 1631-0683.
20. Özdikmen . H. . 2009-01-06 . Texasensis nom. nov., a new name for the preoccupied fossil fish genus Callodus Thurmond, 1974 (Osteichthyes: Pycnodontiformes) . Texasensis Nom. Nov., A New Name for the Preoccupied Fossil Fish Genus Callodus Thurmond, 1974 (Osteichthyes: Pycnodontiformes) . en . 4 . 2 . 616 . 1306-3022.
21. Martin Ebert . 2020 . A new genus of Pycnodontidae (Actinopterygii) from the Upper Jurassic of France and Germany, included in a phylogeny of Pycnodontiformes . Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society . 188 . 2 . 434–454 . 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz087 . free .
22. Zhou . Xiaohu . You . Jiyuan . Jin . Jun . Feng . Qiao . Luo . Zhengjiang . Hu . Jinxin . Li . Yongjie . 2023-09-02 . A minute freshwater pycnodont fish from the Late Cretaceous on the southern margin of the Junggar Basin: Palaeoecological implications . Historical Biology . en . 35 . 9 . 1528–1535 . 10.1080/08912963.2022.2099274 . 2023HBio...35.1528Z . 0891-2963.