Public health laboratory explained

Public health laboratories (PHLs) or National Public Health Laboratories (NPHL) are governmental reference laboratories that protect the public against diseases and other health hazards. The 2005 International Health Regulations came into force in June 2007, with 196 binding countries that recognised that certain public health incidents, extending beyond disease, ought to be designated as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC), as they pose a significant global threat. The PHLs serve as national hazard detection centres, and forward these concerns to the World Health Organization.

International accreditation

In 2007, Haim Hacham et al. published a paper addressing the need for and the process of international standardised accreditation for laboratory proficiency in Israel.[1] With similar efforts, both the Japan Accreditation Board for Conformity Assessment (JAB) and the European Communities Confederation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (EC4) have validated and convened ISO 15189 Medical laboratories — Requirements for quality and competence, respectively.[2] [3]

In 2006, Spitzenberger and Edelhäuser expressed concerns that ISO accreditation may include obstacles arising from new emerging medical devices and the new approach of assessment; in so doing, they indicate the time dependence of standards.[4]

Africa

Canada

Europe

United Kingdom

The Public Health Laboratory Service (PHLS) was established as part of the National Health Service in 1946. An Emergency Public Health Laboratory Service was established in 1940 as a response to the threat of bacteriological warfare. There was originally a central laboratory at Colindale and a network of regional and local laboratories. By 1955 there were about 1000 staff. These laboratories were primarily preventive with an epidemiological focus. They were, however, in some places located with hospital laboratories which had a diagnostic focus.[6]

The PHLS was replaced by the Health Protection Agency in 2003; the HPA was disbanded and in its stead was constituted Public Health England, which later became the UK Health Security Agency in 2021.

United States

United States laboratory networks and organizations

US State Public Health Laboratories

State Public Health Laboratories in the United States! Public Health Laboratory !! State
Alabama
Alaska
American Samoa
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Northern Mariana Islands
Delaware
District of Columbia
Connecticut
Florida
Georgia
Guam
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Iowa
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
U.S. Virgin Islands
Vermont
Virginia
New York
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming

US City and County Public Health Laboratories

City and County Public Health Laboratories in the United States! Public Health Laboratory !! State
CA
PA
TX
CA
IL
TX
CA
TX
TX
CO
WI
TX
CO
NY
VA
CA
NY
TX
CA
MI
CA
CA
OR
TX
KY
CA
CA
CA
KY
CA
IN
CA
WI
CA
CA
NY
CA
PA
TX
MI
CA
CA
MI
TX
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
CA
WA
CA
NV
MO
TX
TX
CA
CA
MI

US State Environmental and Agriculture Laboratories

US Environmental and Agriculture Laboratories
Laboratory State
Alaska
California
Colorado
Florida
Kansas
Kansas
Massachusetts
Minnesota
Mississippi
Nebraska
New York
North Carolina
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania
Washington
West Virginia
Wyoming

Other international laboratory networks

See also

Notes and References

  1. Hacham. Haim. Unification of the quality assurance systems of public health laboratories conformed to ISO 17025, ISO 15189, and ISO 9000: a major organizational change. Accreditation and Quality Assurance. 12. 8. 409–413. Elsevier. 2007. 10.1007/s00769-007-0262-9. Tetro. Nurit. Kochavi-Azolai. Salit. Stern. Nava. Mizrahi. Dana. Lisenker. Anna. Gazit. Emanuel . 111340137. etal.
  2. Aoyagi T, Kawai T . [Validation of the ISO 15189 trial assessment results of clinical laboratories--effects of accreditation and interpretation of ISO 15189] . ja . Rinsho Byori . 54 . 5 . 486–93 . May 2006 . 16789419.
  3. Huisman W, Horvath AR, Burnett D, etal . Accreditation of medical laboratories in the European Union . . 45 . 2 . 268–75 . 2007 . 17311523 . 10.1515/CCLM.2007.037 . 8175030 . free . 11577/1775503 . free .
  4. Spitzenberger F, Edelhäuser R . Accreditation of Medical Laboratories in Europe: Statutory Framework, Current Situation and Perspectives. Transfusion Medicine and Hemotherapy. 33. 5. 384–92. S. Karger AG. 2006. 10.1159/000094738 . free.
  5. News: National Reference Laboratories at the BVL . Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety . n.d..
  6. Book: Webster. Charles. The Health Services Since the War. 1988. HMSO. 0-11-630942-3.