Pterocarpan Explained

Pterocarpans are derivatives of isoflavonoids found in the family Fabaceae. It is a group of compounds which can be described as benzo-pyrano-furano-benzenes (i.e. 6H-[1]benzofuro[3,2-c]chromene skeleton) which can be formed by coupling of the B ring to the 4-one position.^[1]

2'-hydroxyisoflavone reductase is the enzyme responsible for the conversion in Cicer arietinum^[2] and glyceollin synthase for the production of glyceollins, phytoalexins in soybean.^[3]

Known compounds

• Bitucarpin A and B, isolated from the aerial parts of Mediterranean plants Bituminaria morisiana and Bituminaria bituminosa^[4]
• Erybraedin A and B, isolated from the stems of Erythrina subumbrans^[5] and C, isolated from the leaves of Bituminaria morisiana^[6]
• Erythrabyssin II, erystagallin A, erythrabissin-1, and erycristagallin isolated from the stems of Erythrina subumbrans
• Glycinol, glyceollidin I and II, glyceollins (glyceollin I, II, III and IV), found in the soybean (Glycine max)^{[7] [8]}
• Glycyrrhizol A, isolated from the root of the Chinese licorice plant (Glycyrrhiza uralensis)
• Maackiain, isolated from the roots of Maackia amurensis subsp. Buergeri^[9]
• Medicarpin, found in Medicago truncatula
• Morisianine, isolated from the seeds of Bituminaria morisiana^[10]
• Orientanol A, isolated from the wood of Erythrina orientalis^[11]
• Phaseolin, found in French bean seeds^[12]
• Pisatin, found in Pisum sativum^[13]
• Striatine, isolated from aerial parts of Mundulea striata^[14]
• Trifolirhizin, found in Sophora flavescens

External links

• Superpathway of pterocarpan biosynthesis (via formononetin) on metacyc.org
• Pterocarpans on the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database

Notes and References

1. https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2003/MB_cgi?term=PTEROCARPANS Pterocarpans on the National Library of Medicine – Medical Subject Headings
2. Tiemann . Karin . Hinderer . Walter . Barz . Wolfgang . Isolation of NADPH:isoflavone oxidoreductase, a new enzyme of Pterocarpan phytoalexin biosynthesis in cell suspension cultures of Cicer arietinum . FEBS Letters . Wiley . 213 . 2 . 1987-03-23 . 0014-5793 . 10.1016/0014-5793(87)81515-6 . 324–328. free .
3. Welle R, Grisebach H . 1988 . Induction of phytoalexin synthesis in soybean: enzymatic cyclization of prenylated pterocarpans to glyceollin isomers . Arch. Biochem. Biophys. . 263 . 191 - 8 . 3369863 . 10.1016/0003-9861(88)90627-3 . 1 .
4. Pistelli . Luisa . Noccioli . Cecilia . Appendino . Giovanni . Bianchi . Federica . Sterner . Olov . Ballero . Mauro . Pterocarpans from Bituminaria morisiana and Bituminaria bituminosa . Phytochemistry . Elsevier BV . 64 . 2 . 2003 . 0031-9422 . 10.1016/s0031-9422(03)00190-0 . 595–598. 12943781 .
5. Rukachaisirikul . Thitima . Innok . Phongsak . Aroonrerk . Nuntana . Boonamnuaylap . Woraluk . Limrangsun . Saranya . Boonyon . Chanakan . Woonjina . Umpawan . Suksamrarn . Apichart . Antibacterial Pterocarpans from Erythrina subumbrans . Journal of Ethnopharmacology . Elsevier BV . 110 . 1 . 2007 . 0378-8741 . 10.1016/j.jep.2006.09.022 . 171–175. 17055201 .
6. http://epub.uni-regensburg.de/17223/ New cytotoxic prenylated isoflavonoids from Bituminaria morisiana. Cottiglia Filippo, Casu Laura, Bonsignore Leonardo, Casu Mariano, Floris Costantino, Leonti Marco, Gertsch Juerg and Heilmann Jörg, Planta medica 71 (3) (2005), pp. 254–260
7. Zimmermann . M. Carla . Tilghman . Syreeta L. . Boué . Stephen M. . Salvo . Virgilio A. . Elliott . Steven . Williams . K. Y. . Skripnikova . Elena V. . Ashe . Hasina . Payton-Stewart . Florastina . Vanhoy-Rhodes . Lyndsay . Fonseca . Juan Pablo . Corbitt . Cynthia . Collins-Burow . Bridgette M. . Howell . Melanie H. . Lacey . Michelle . Shih . Betty Y. . Carter-Wientjes . Carol . Cleveland . Thomas E. . McLachlan . John A. . Wiese . Thomas E. . Beckman . Barbara S. . Burow . Matthew E. . 5. Glyceollin I, a Novel Antiestrogenic Phytoalexin Isolated from Activated Soy . Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics . American Society for Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics (ASPET) . 332 . 1 . 2009-10-01 . 0022-3565 . 10.1124/jpet.109.160382 . 35–45. 19797619 . 2802480 .
8. Cotrim . Gustavo dos Santos . Silva . Deivid Metzker da . Graça . José Perez da . Oliveira Junior . Adilson de . Castro . Cesar de . Zocolo . Guilherme Julião . Lannes . Lucíola Santos . Hoffmann-Campo . Clara Beatriz . Glycine max (L.) Merr. (Soybean) metabolome responses to potassium availability . Phytochemistry . 2023 . en . 205 . 113472 . 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113472 . 36270412 . 253027906 . 0031-9422.
9. Matsuura . Nobuyasu . Nakai . Rie . Iinuma . Munekazu . Tanaka . Toshiyuki . Inoue . Kenichro . A prenylated flavanone from roots of Maackia amurensis subsp. Buergeri . Phytochemistry . Elsevier BV . 36 . 1 . 1994 . 0031-9422 . 10.1016/s0031-9422(00)97051-1 . 255–256.
10. Leonti . Marco . Casu . Laura . Gertsch . Jürg . Bonsignore . Leonardo . Floris . Costantino . Casu . Mariano . Cottiglia . Filippo . A pterocarpan from the seeds of Bituminaria morisiana . Journal of Natural Medicines . Springer Science and Business Media LLC . 64 . 3 . 2010-03-18 . 1340-3443 . 10.1007/s11418-010-0408-7 . 354–357. 20238177 . 19190934 .
11. Tanaka . Hitoshi . Tanaka . Toshihiro . Etoh . Hideo . A pterocarpan from Erythrina orientalis . Phytochemistry . Elsevier BV . 45 . 1 . 1997 . 0031-9422 . 10.1016/s0031-9422(96)00841-2 . 205–207.
12. Blagrove . R. J. . Colman . P. M. . Lilley . G. G. . Van Donkelaar . A. . Suzuki . E. . Physicochemical and structural studies of phaseolin from French bean seed . Plant Foods for Human Nutrition . Springer Science and Business Media LLC . 33 . 2–3 . 1983 . 0921-9668 . 10.1007/bf01091313 . 227–229.
13. PERRIN . DAWN R. . BOTTOMLEY . W. . Pisatin: an Antifungal Substance from Pisum sativum L. . Nature . Springer Science and Business Media LLC . 191 . 4783 . 1961 . 0028-0836 . 10.1038/191076a0 . 76–77. 13734533 . 433477 .
14. Manjary . Frédéric . Petitjean . Alain . Conan . Jean-Yves . Thérèse Martin . Marie . Frappier . François . Rasoanaivo . Philippe . Ratsimamanga-Urverg . Suzanne . A prenylated pterocarpan from Mundulea striata . Phytochemistry . Elsevier BV . 33 . 2 . 1993 . 0031-9422 . 10.1016/0031-9422(93)85554-5 . 515–517.