| Psalm 57 | |
| Subtitle: | "Be merciful unto me, O God, be merciful unto me" |
| Image Upright: | 1.2 |
| Language: | Hebrew (original) |
Psalm 57 is the 57th psalm of the Book of Psalms, beginning in English in the King James Version: "Be merciful unto me, O God, be merciful unto me". In the slightly different numbering system of the Greek Septuagint version of the Bible and the Latin Vulgate, this psalm is Psalm 56. In Latin, it is known as " Miserere mei Deus".[1] [2] It is attributed to King David, and is described as a Michtam of David,[3] [4] when he fled from the face of Saul,[5] [6] in the cave, recalling either the cave of Adullam (1 Samuel 22), or the cave in the wilderness of En-gedi, on the western shore of the Dead Sea (1 Samuel 24).[7]
The psalm forms a regular part of Jewish, Catholic, Lutheran, Anglican and other Protestant liturgies. It has been set to music.
The following table shows the Hebrew text[8] [9] of the Psalm with vowels alongside an English translation based upon the JPS 1917 translation (now in the public domain).
| Verse | Hebrew | English translation (JPS 1917) |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | For the Leader; Al-tashheth. [A Psalm] of David; Michtam; when he fled from Saul, in the cave. | |
| 2 | Be gracious unto me, O God, be gracious unto me, for in Thee hath my soul taken refuge; yea, in the shadow of Thy wings will I take refuge, until calamities be overpast. | |
| 3 | I will cry unto God Most high; unto God that accomplisheth it for me. | |
| 4 | He will send from heaven, and save me, when he that would swallow me up taunteth, Selah; God shall send forth His mercy and His truth. | |
| 5 | My soul is among lions, I do lie down among them that are aflame; Even the sons of men, whose teeth are spears and arrows, And their tongue a sharp sword. | |
| 6 | Be Thou exalted, O God, above the heavens; Thy glory be above all the earth. | |
| 7 | They have prepared a net for my steps, My soul is bowed down; They have digged a pit before me, They are fallen into the midst thereof themselves. Selah | |
| 8 | My heart is stedfast, O God, my heart is stedfast; I will sing, yea, I will sing praises. | |
| 9 | Awake, my glory; awake, psaltery and harp; I will awake the dawn. | |
| 10 | I will give thanks unto Thee, O Lord, among the peoples; I will sing praises unto Thee among the nations. | |
| 11 | For Thy mercy is great unto the heavens, And Thy truth unto the skies. | |
| 12 | Be Thou exalted, O God, above the heavens; Thy glory be above all the earth. | |
To the chief Musician, Altaschith, Michtam of David, when he fled from Saul in the cave.
The psalm consists of two parts. In the first, verses 1–6, David gives expression to the anxiety which he felt, imploring Divine assistance against Saul and his other enemies. In the second part, verses 7–11, he proceeds upon the confident expectation of deliverance, and stirs up his soul to the exercise of praise.[10]
The psalm is addressed to a leader of worship; possibly this psalm was sung to a melody known as "Altaschith or "Do Not Destroy", although there is considerable uncertainty about this. A number of translations have chosen to transliterate the Hebrew expression as "al tashheth" (Tanakh) or "Al-tashheth" (Margolis).[11] The same directive, "Do Not Destroy", can be found in the headings of Psalm 58[12] and Psalm 59.[13]
They have prepared a net for my steps;
My soul is bowed down;
They have dug a pit before me;
Into the midst of it they themselves have fallen.[14] Alexander Kirkpatrick suggests that the reference to David's enemies being caught in their own trap indicates an affinity with the cave of En-gedi mentioned in Samuel 24:1-3.
In the Church of England's Book of Common Prayer, this psalm is appointed to be read on the morning of the 11th day of the month,[16] and it is a Proper Psalm for Mattins on Easter Day.
Heinrich Schütz set Psalm 57 in a metred version in German, "Sei mir gnädig, o Gott, mein Herr", SWV 154, as part of the Becker Psalter, first published in 1628. Johann Vierdanck set verses 8–12 in German as a sacred concerto, Mein Herz ist bereit, Gott (My heart is ready, God) for two voices, two violins and continuo, c. 1640.