Protomonaxonida Explained

Protomonaxonida is an extinct order of sea sponges. It is a paraphyletic group gathering the most ancient species from the Burgess Shale to modern sponges.

Families and genera

• Family †Choiidae Laubenfels, 1925
  • Genus †Allantospongia Rigby & Hou, 1995^[1]
  • Genus †Choia Walcott, 1920^[2]
  • Genus †Choiaella Rigby & Hou, 1995^[1]
  • Genus †Lenica Goryanskiy, 1977
• Family †Halichondritidae Rigby, 1986
  • Genus †Halichondrites Walcott, 1920^[2]
  • Genus †Pohlispongia Rigby & von Bitter, 2005^[3]
• Family †Hamptoniidae De Laubenfels, 1955
  • Genus †Hamptonia Walcott, 1920^[2]
  • Genus †Hamptoniella Rigby & Collins, 2004
• Family †Hazeliidae De Laubenfels, 1955
  • Genus †Crumillospongia Rigby, 1986
  • Genus †Falospongia Rigby, 1986
  • Genus †Hazelia Walcott, 1920^[2]
• Family †Leptomitidae De Laubenfels, 1955
  • Genus †Leptomitus Walcott, 1886
  • Genus †Paraleptomitella Chen et al., 1989
  • Genus †Pseudoleptomitus Botting et al., 2019
  • Genus †Wareiella Rigby & Harris, 1979
• Genus †Lobatospongia Rigby et al., 2007
• Family †Piraniidae De Laubenfels, 1955
  • Genus †Moleculospina Rigby, 1986
  • Genus †Pirania Walcott, 1920^[2]
• Family †Takakkawiidae De Laubenfels, 1955
  • Genus †Takakkawia Walcott, 1920^[2]
• Family †Ulospongiellidae Rigby & Collins, 2004
  • Genus †Hapalospongia Rigby & Collins, 2004
  • Genus †Ulospongiella Rigby & Collins, 2004
• Family †Wapkiidae De Laubenfels, 1955
  • Genus †Wapkia Walcott, 1920^[2]

The following families from the order Hadromerida are also sometimes placed in Protomonaxonida:

• Family Sollasellidae von Lendenfeld, 1887
  • Genus †Luterospongia Rigby et al., 2008
  • Genus †Mckittrickella Rigby et al., 2007
  • Genus †Monaxoradiata Rigby & Bell, 2006
  • Genus †Opetionella Zittel, 1878
  • Genus †Rhizopsis Schrammen, 1910
  • Genus †Stramentella Gerasimov, 1960
  • Genus †Trichospongiella Rigby, 1971
• Family Tethyidae Gray, 1867
  • Genus Tethya Lamarck, 1814

External links

• • Protomonaxonida at fossilworks

Notes and References

1. Rigby. J. K.. Hou. X.-G.. 1995. Lower Cambrian demosponges and hexactinellid sponges from Yunnan, China. Journal of Paleontology. 69. 6. 1009–1019. 10.1017/S0022336000037999. 1306406.
2. Walcott . C. D. . 1920 . Cambrian geology and paleontology IV:6—Middle Cambrian Spongiae . . 67 . 261–364 .
3. Rigby. J. K.. von Bitter. P.. 2005. Sponges and associated fossils from the Pennsylvanian Carbondale Formation of northwestern Illinois. Journal of Paleontology. 79. 3. 460–468. 10.1666/0022-3360(2005)079<0460:SAAFFT>2.0.CO;2.