Protests against Rodrigo Duterte explained

Protests against Rodrigo Duterte
Howmany2:15,000 (2021 peak)[1]
Casualties Label:Injuries and arrests
Arrests:189+
Injuries:65+ (both sides)
Methods:Demonstrations, sit-ins, internet activism, vandalism, picketing, student walk-outs and strikes
Causes:
Place: Philippines
Date:November 18, 2016 – June 30, 2022
Caption:Montage of demonstrations and protests against Rodrigo Duterte

Protests against Former President Rodrigo Duterte escalated on November 18, 2016, following Duterte's support of the burial of the late president Ferdinand Marcos.[2] These series of protests are mostly conducted by progressive groups and other opposing figures mainly due to the ongoing war on drugs, the declaration of martial law in Mindanao, and employment issues such as contractual terms being applied by companies and inflation which occurred due to the passage of the Tax Reform for Acceleration and Inclusion Law. Other causes of the protests include the government's response to the COVID-19 pandemic in the country, the passage of the Anti-Terrorism Act of 2020, and the shutdown and franchise denial of ABS-CBN.

Causes of the protests

War on drugs, extrajudicial killings, and other police-related controversies

See main article: Philippine Drug War and Extrajudicial killings and forced disappearances in the Philippines.

Duterte began the war against illegal drugs in the country the moment he began his presidency, promising to kill thousands of people involved in the drug trade.[3] During the course of the drug war, more than 6,000 mostly petty drug users and suspects have been killed during police anti-drug operations. The killings have garnered attention from human rights groups, Western governments, and U.N. rights experts.[4] Protests against the war on drugs, such as one done by Kalipunan ng Damayang Mahihirap (Kadamay) in front of Camp Crame, have been conducted as early as August 2016.[5] Despite the deaths in the campaign, Duterte's popularity in opinion polls remained high.[6]

A coalition named "Manlaban sa EJK" (Manananggol Laban sa Extra Judicial Killings) was formed by lawyers, teachers, and law students in November 2017.[7]

Aside from the war on drugs and extrajudicial killings, there have been forced disappearances under the Duterte administration.[8] with at least 50 cases of enforced disappearance as of August 30, 2020. Forced disappearances are commemorated every All Saints' Day by relatives – many of whom have been grieving since the Arroyo administration (as in the case of Sherlyn Cadapan and Karen Empeño in 2006).[8] According to the Asian Federation Against Involuntary Disappearances (AFAD), there have been 1,993 cases of forced disappearances since Marcos regime.[9]

The death toll from the war on drugs varies: officials claim that the number of those killed has reached 5,779,[10] but opposition leaders and human rights workers assert that more than 27,000 have been killed.[11]

Killings of delos Santos, Arnaiz and de Guzman

The most notable case of youth casualties during the campaign is the killing of a 17-year-old student, Kian Loyd delos Santos, from Caloocan, on August 16, 2017, at the hands of the police.[12] The incident sparked controversy among local politicians and militant groups and triggered massive protest in the country.[13] [14] Within two days, two more teenagers, Carl Angelo Arnaiz and Reynaldo de Guzman, were killed. Arnaiz, a 19-year-old teenager, last found in Cainta, Rizal, was tortured and shot dead on August 17 by police after allegedly robbing a taxi in Caloocan.[15] His 14-year-old friend, Reynaldo "Kulot" de Guzman was stabbed to death 30 times and thrown into a creek in Gapan, Nueva Ecija.[16] Along with the deaths of Kian delos Santos, the deaths of the two teenagers also triggered public outrage and condemnation.[17]

Death of River Nasino

River Nasino (July 1, 2020 – October 9, 2020) died in a Manila hospital after suffering from acute respiratory distress syndrome while her mother Reina Mae Nasino was detained for illegal possession of firearms and explosives.[18] A 23-year-old human rights worker, Nasino and two other activists were arrested in Tondo, Manila, on November 5, 2019, and they were detained at the Manila City Jail for illegal possession of firearms and explosives, a non-bailable offense.[19] [20] After the court gave the detainee only six hours of furlough (three hours for the wake and another three hours for the burial) to allow her to visit her daughter's wake, a funeral for the baby River was laid on October 14, 2020, in Pandacan, Manila and she was buried on October 16, 2020, at Manila North Cemetery, with the police forces being deployed at the area.[21] [22] The baby's death sparked sympathy while the condemnation targeted towards the treatment of Reina Nasino during the baby's funeral and burial, ranging from activists to local celebrities.[23] A simple protest was held on October 17, 2020, to condemn the circumstances of the mother-and-daughter.[24] [25]

Paniqui, Tarlac, shooting incident

Police Senior Master Sergeant Jonel Nuezca shot to death his two unarmed neighbors, Sonya Gregorio and her son Frank, in Paniqui, Tarlac, on December 20, 2020, at 5:10 pm (PST).[26] The incident was reported to the police 20 minutes later and, at 6:19 pm, Nuezca surrendered at the police station in Pangasinan.[26]

The incident started when Nuezca went to investigate the Gregorios who were shooting a boga–an improvised bamboo cannon used as a noisemaker every December. Nuezca tried to arrest Frank, who appeared to be drunk. This led to a heated argument with Sonya, which culminated in Nuezca killing the two by shooting them at close range.[27] According to Police Colonel Renante Cabico, director of the Tarlac Provincial Police Office, Nuezca was "off duty" at the time of the incident. The police called the incident an "isolated case."

The incident was captured on video and spread online. Several netizens and celebrities condemned the killings on social media with the hashtags #StopTheKillingsPH, #EndPoliceBrutality, #PulisAngTerorista, and #JusticeForSonyaGregorio dominating on Twitter in the Philippines, as well as in Singapore and Dubai.[28] [29] Some critics also pointed at the government over the acts of impunity and human rights abuses in recent years.[30]

An indignation rally was done by numerous groups on December 21, 2020, at the Boy Scout Circle, Quezon City.[31]

Burial of Ferdinand Marcos

See main article: Burial of Ferdinand Marcos.

See also: History of the Philippines (1965–1986) and Proclamation No. 1081. During his 2016 presidential campaign, Duterte supported the burial of late President Ferdinand Marcos at the Libingan ng mga Bayani in Taguig.[32] On November 8, 2016, the Supreme Court permitted Marcos' burial in a 9–5–1 vote.[33] Marcos was buried at the Libingan ng mga Bayani on November 18.[34]

Phasing out of jeepneys

See also: 2017–2019 transport strikes in the Philippines. Jeepney drivers staged a series of protest and strike actions nationwide to oppose the government's plan to phase out old and dilapidated jeepneys. On October 18, 2017, Duterte taunted the protesting drivers, daring them to quit and "suffer in poverty and hunger" if they cannot modernize their old jeepneys.[35] However, Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board (LTFRB) chair Martin Delgra explained the next day that Duterte's call was only his "expression of urgency."[36] Its proposal of jeepney modernization will affect 240,000 jeepneys and 80,000 UV Express.[37]

In January 2018, the Inter-Agency Council for Traffic (I-ACT) began apprehending dilapidated and smoke-belching jeepneys in an operation called "Tanggal Usok, Tanggal Bulok".[38] [39] This made getting a ride home difficult for commuters,[38] especially students.[40] Commuters expressed on social media their frustration getting stranded due to the apprehension of jeepneys.[40]

The total phaseout of jeepneys was set to be implemented on July 1, 2020,[41] [42] only to be extended to December 31, 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and further extended to March 31, 2021. The LTFRB has stated that jeepney operators who have failed to consolidate their fleets for the modernization program by the March 2021 deadline will be allowed to temporarily operate under a provisional authority for a 1-year period.[43]

Declaration of martial law in Mindanao and the subsequent extension

See main article: Proclamation No. 216. Duterte declared martial law in the whole Mindanao on May 23, 2017, following the crisis in Marawi between Philippine government security forces and militants affiliated with the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), including the Maute and Abu Sayyaf Salafi jihadist groups.[44] [45] [46] Martial law was extended three times.

Proposed revolutionary government

In October 2017, Duterte said that he would declare a revolutionary government against the supposed conspirator of destabilizing the government made by the communist rebels, Liberals and other factions.[47] [48] He said to the media that "Pag ang (if the) destablization ninyo patagilid na at medyo magulo na (would be shaky and more trouble), I will not hesitate to declare a revolutionary government until the end of my term."[48] The next month, he clarified that he would only declare a revolutionary government if "things go out of control."[49] Should the revolutionary government declared, "he would order the security forces to arrest all destabilizers and go on a full-scale war against communist rebels."[47]

On the last week of August 2020, several Duterte supporters revived the calls for revolutionary government amid the rising cases of COVID-19 pandemic in the country.[50] President Duterte himself denied the involvement of pushing the revolutionary government.[51]

Planned revocation of Rappler

On January 11, 2018, the Securities and Exchange Commission of the Philippines (SEC) revoked Rappler's certificate of incorporation over Rappler's use of Philippine Depository Receipts (PDRs). It said that the provisions of the PDR issued to Omidyar Network by Rappler gave the American investment firm control over the local media firms' other PDR holders as well as its corporate policies, which the SEC says is a violation of the Constitution's provisions on foreign ownership and control.[52] Rappler claimed that it was 100% Filipino owned and that Omidyar only invests in the media firm.[53] Despite the certificate revocation, SEC stated that Rappler could still operate since their decision was not final, pointing out that the media firm could also challenge the decision before the Court of Appeals within 15 days.[54] Malacañang Palace also suggested that Rappler authors can still continue to publish on their website as bloggers.[55] On February 28, Omidyar Network donated its Rappler PDRs to the editors and executives of Rappler.[56]

On February 13, 2019, Rappler CEO Maria Ressa was arrested by National Bureau Investigation (NBI) for cyber libel upon the orders of the Manila Regional Trial Court Branch 46, "alleged that her right to due process was violated."[57] Ressa is known for her criticism against Duterte's war on drugs.[58] The arrest of Ressa sparked condemnations from the international journalists and local groups, who slammed the Duterte administration by saying that the action is "clearly part of the administration's attack on press freedom."[59] Duterte denied his involvement of her arrest.[60]

Tax Reform for Acceleration and Inclusion Law (TRAIN law) and the subsequent inflation

Duterte signed the Tax Reform for Acceleration and Inclusion Law, also known as TRAIN law, on December 19, 2017, that lowers personal income taxes while increases the price of fuel, cars, coal and sugar-sweetened drinks.[61] In the first half of 2018, several groups staged the protests against TRAIN LAW, which the group blamed it for increasing basic goods and oil prices.[62] TRAIN law also had the impact to the store owners due to increasing prices.[63] On May 24, 2018, a coalition called "Stop Train Coalition" launched the signature that needed at least a million signatures to junk the TRAIN law.[63]

Charter Change

See main article: Constitutional reform in the Philippines. Constitutional reform in the Philippines, also known as Charter Change (colloquially Cha-Cha),[64] refers to the political and legal processes needed to amend the current 1987 Constitution of the Philippines. Under the common interpretation of the Constitution, amendments can be proposed by one of three methods: a People's Initiative, a Constituent Assembly or a Constitutional Convention.[65] [66] [67]

Efforts to attempt to amend the 1987 Constitution have been done since the administrations of Ramos, Estrada, and Arroyo.[68] The Duterte administration made similar attempts in early 2018 but the proposed charter bill failed to pass in the Senate.[69] [70] In early January 2021, the discussion about charter change was revived.[71]

Employment issues

Several militant groups have mainly concerned over the contractualization being applied to the workers in the country. Contractualization defines "a practice where a company hires contractual workers only when is necessary" while "endo" (end of contract) "refers to the scheme that corrupt companies exercise to abuse their workers."[72] [73] The above-mentioned was heavily opposed by the labor groups as they urged Duterte to sign executive order (EO) that will regulate contractualization.[74] According to Presidential Spokesperson Harry Roque, the EO will be possibly signed on May 1, Labor Day.[75] However, on April 19, Labor Secretary Silvestre Bello III confirmed that there will be no longer an executive order, and, instead, the Congress will be the one to pass it.[76]

Removal of Sereno by the Supreme Court

Demonstrations[77] staged by the supporters of Supreme Court Chief Justice Maria Lourdes Sereno occurred, following her impeachment process filed against her[78] [79] and her subsequent indefinite leave.[80] [81] The main reasons for the impeachment proceedings, according to the complainant, lawyer Larry Gadon, was that Sereno allegedly failed to declare her Statement of Assets, Liabilities and Net worth (SALN) and was also responsible for tax misdeclarations and unauthorized expenses.[82]

Shootings of Marcelito Paez, Mark Ventura, and Richmond Nilo

On December 4, 2017, Marcelito Paez was killed by unidentified assailant while driving his Toyota Innova in Jaen-Zaragoza Road in Jaen, Nueva Ecija. Human rights organization Karapatan condemned the killing of Paez.[83] Before his death, Paez helped for the release of the political prisoner Rommel Tucay, who was detained in Cagayan jail.[84]

On April 29, 2018, a 37-year-old priest Mark Ventura was shot dead by riding-in-tandem assailants after saying Sunday mass in Gattaran, Cagayan. Authorities said that Ventura was blessing the children and talking to the choir members when the assailants shot him.[85] The CBCP, Senator Francis Pangilinan, and Anakbayan condemned the murder of Ventura, with Anakbayan calling it "fascistic, tyrannical, and mafia-style rule" by the Duterte administration.[86] On May 1, Manila Archbishop Luis Antonio Tagle denounced the killing, saying in Tagalog, "Isn't he a gift from God? Is it that easy now to kill and throw a person away?"[87] On May 3, the Ventura's family and the Cagayan Valley police announced a P300,000 reward for information on the suspected killers.[88]

On June 10, a priest, Richmond Nilo of the Diocese of Cabanatuan, was gunned down by unknown assailants as he was preparing for evening mass at a small chapel in Zaragoza, Nueva Ecija on June 10, 2018, at 6:05 pm.[89] [90] Following the murder, the Philippine National Police said that they tagged at least five suspects in connection with the killing of Nilo. One of the suspects linked to the murder, Adell Roll Milan—an altar boy at the church, was arrested by the police on June 14.[91] PNP chief Oscar Albayalde identified him as a resident of Barangy Malapit, San Isidro, Nueva Ecija.[92] The police retrieved surveillance cameras; one showing the two men riding in the motorcycle in a road near the chapel moments before the crime, and another one showing a third suspect who served as lookout while two others were seen in a getaway vehicle.[93] Another CCTV footage, timestamped 5:09 pm, shows Milan is seen riding his motorcycle outside T. Ador Dionisio National High School, roughly 25km (16miles) from the church.[94] However, Elena Matias, grandmother of Milan, during the interview with Rappler, said that the police (wearing only civilian clothes) wrongly arrested him as they did not introduce themselves, and did not present any warrant of arrest.[94] [95] The distance between Milan's house and the small chapel is just at least 25 kilometers away. Matias also said that neither she nor her grandson had knowledge of the killing.[95]

Larry Gadon, Milan's lawyer, believes that he is a fall guy. Milan's childhood friend, Nelson John Oreo, claimed that he was with Milan 4:00 to 8:30 p.m. on the day when the priest was killed.[96]

Several members from religious sectors, such as CBCP, and opposition politicians, have directly pointed the finger at Duterte,[97] [92] [98] who is known for his attacks against the church—whom are critical of the administration.[99] [100] [101]

Another alleged perpetrator of Nilo's murder identified as Omar Mallari, who was arrested by the police on July 2. According to the police, they traced Mallari's whereabouts using the plate number of vehicle which was caught in a CCTV footage when Nilo was killed. Aside from Mallari, they also apprehended the suspect Manuel Torres, while two other suspects, Rolando Garcia and Marius Albis Torres, surrendered. However, some of the suspects remain at large.The police said that, in their affidavits, Mallari and Garcia said that they were paid by Torres a P100,000 to kill the priest.[102] On October 5, another suspect named Bernie Limpio, 36, was arrested during the nighttime buy-bust operation in Maddela, Quirino. During the investigation by the police, they found out that Limpio has an arrest warrant for the Nilo case.[103]

Oplan Tambay

In mid-June 2018, Duterte launched the Oplan Tambay campaign against loiterers (Tagalog: tambays) who violate city ordinances against smoking in public places, drinking liquor on the streets, and going shirtless in public.[104] Within the first week of the campaign, at least 8,000 residents had either been accosted or apprehended for violating the rules.[105] By July 29, 2018, the police had arrested 78,359 loiterers in Metro Manila alone.[106]

However, this campaign stirred controversy, notably the case of Genesis "Tisoy" Argoncillo who was allegedly killed by fellow detainees inside the Novaliches Police Station on June 19 after spending 4-days in the detention.[107] [108] [109]

Peasants and activists death/killing

Farmer protesters are among of the opposition figures due to their claim that the military has allegedly killed farmers under the Duterte administration.[110] According to peasant group Unyon ng Manggagawa sa Agrikultura, 213 farmers have been killed under the Duterte regime as of July 2019.[111] The killing of farmers gained national attention when, on October 20, 2018, armed gunmen killed nine farmers inside the sugarcane plantation in Sagay, Negros Occidental.[112] Initially, the police stated that the New People's Army may be "behind" the massacre.[113] However, opposition groups said that the Duterte administration and the military "should be held responsible" for the killings,[114] and another group also condemned Duterte for the killings.[115]

Farmers and other groups protested the continued killing of farmers under Duterte on the anniversary of the 1987 Mendiola massacre that occurred during the Corazon Aquino administration.[116] [117]

The Human Rights Watch recorded at least 13 activists who have been killed since Duterte became president as of August 17, 2020. Notable activists who were killed or have died during the Duterte administration include Joseph Canlas – who was arrested on March 30, 2021, for allegedly possessing illegal firearms and explosives and subsequently died from COVID-19 complications on May 11, 2021,[118] [119] the 3-month old daughter of Reina Mae Nasino on October 10, 2020,[23] Randy Echanis – who was tortured and killed inside his home in Quezon City on August 10, 2020,[120] [121] Zara Alvarez – who was killed in Bacolod on August 17, 2020,[122] Jevilyn Cullamat (daughter of Bayan Muna Representative Eufemia Cullamat),[123] and the nine activists killed during what was called the "Bloody Sunday" police raids on March 7, 2021, in Calabarzon.[124]

Lowering of the age of criminal responsibility

On January 21, 2019, the House committee bill was issued, stating that the age of criminal responsibility will be lowered from 15 to nine years of age.[125] [126] However, it was opposed by some advocates including UNICEF and Save the Children,[127] [128] local politicians, artists, and celebrities[129] who used the hashtag #ChildrenNotCriminals as the condemnation.[130] Prior to this, it had been planned by congressmen, which was then echoed by President Duterte,[131] to lower the age of criminal responsibility in 2016.[132]

Government action to the South China Sea territorial disputes

The incident at the Reed Bank occurred on June 9, 2019, when a Chinese vessel rammed the Philippine fishing boat, F/B Gem-Ver, which carried 22 fishermen, causing the latter to sink.[133] All of the fishermen were rescued by the Philippine Navy.[133] Several days after incident, Duterte was kept silent about the incident until June 17 when he eventually made a statement, saying that the incident was just the "maritime incident."[134] [135] Because of this, it generated public controversy and several militant groups including the fishermen's relatives have desired to impeach Duterte for allowing "China to fish in the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) in the West Philippine Sea."[136] [137]

In April 2021, the discussions over the issue on South China Sea dispute were revived. Initially, on his 2016 presidential campaign, Duterte vows to "ride a jetski" and "plant" the Philippine flag at the airport built by China in the Spratlys" but in 2017, Duterte said that he would no longer plant the Philippine flag in the Spratly out of respect for China. In July 2016, after Duterte was elected, an arbitral tribunal ruled in The Hague, Netherlands that China's claim to almost the entire South China Sea, of which the West Philippine Sea is part of, was unfounded.[138] On May 9, 2021, Duterte revealed that he was only joking and called those who believed in it "stupid."[139] This triggered criticism from the fishermen and on Twitter, trending the hashtag #DuterteDuwag (#DuterteCoward).[139] [140] The issue was criticized throughout by retired Supreme Court Senior Associate Justice Antonio Carpio.[141] [142] Senator Manny Pacquiao also joined to criticize Duterte personally, stating that the latter must fulfill his promise to "ride a jetski" and flag the country's flag there.[143]

Good conduct time allowance controversy

In August 2019, the news reports of impending release of former Calauan, Laguna mayor Antonio Sanchez, who was the prime suspect of murders of Eileen Sarmenta and Allan Gomez in 1993 and was convicted in March 1995, was met by outrage across the country.[144] [145] After weeks of controversy, the Duterte administration denied the role in releasing of Sanchez and ordered Justice Secretary Menardo Guevarra and Bureau of Corrections chief Nicanor Faeldon not to release him.[146] [147] Sanchez remained in prison until his death on March 27, 2021.[148]

The GCTA controversy sparked again in September 2020 when Duterte granted an absolute pardon to Joseph Scott Pemberton,[149] which was justified by his spokesman Harry Roque, who was once a legal counsel for the Laude family.[150] Pemberton killed trans woman Jennifer Laude inside the Olongapo motel in October 2014.[151] On December 1, 2015, Pemberton was convicted of murder, sentenced him to 6 to 12 years in jail.[152] The pardon, which was condemned by the Laude family,[153] sparked outrage in the LGBT community,[154] as well as high-profile personalities from senators[155] to celebrities.[156] The hashtag #JusticeForJenniferLaude landed on the top trending spot in social media, where majority of the posts were critical of Duterte.[157] On September 11, 2020, several LGBT communities held a rally to protest Duterte's absolute of pardon of Joseph Scott Pemberton.[158]

Government response to the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines

Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, the first case of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the Philippines was confirmed on 30 January. The patient was a 38-year-old Chinese woman from Wuhan, who had arrived in Manila from Hong Kong on 21 January.[159] This triggered social media outrage. The hashtag #OustDuterte trended on Twitter, where some groups blamed the government for "criminal negligence" for the entry of SARS-CoV-2 in the country and the "lack of action" to prevent the coronavirus from spreading.[160] [161]

The government's handling of the COVID-19 pandemic was criticized on social media platforms, especially on Twitter: for instance, the NBI's attempt to investigate Pasig Mayor Vico Sotto for allegedly violating the quarantine policy,[162] [163] [164] the arrest in Quezon City on April 1, 2020, of 20 protesters looking for aid from the local government,[165] Duterte's remarks of ordering to "shoot" the person who violated the quarantine protocols on April 2, 2020,[166] [167] the shooting of Philippine Army veteran Winston Ragos by the police at a checkpoint on April 21, 2020,[168] and the controversial birthday party of National Capital Region Police Office Regional Director Maj. Gen. Debold Sinas on May 8, 2020, despite the enhanced community quarantine (ECQ) being implemented at the time.[169] [170] The delay in the arrival in the Philippines of vaccines has also been condemned.[171]

ABS-CBN franchise renewal controversy, shutdown and franchise denial

The shutdown of ABS-CBN, the Philippines' largest and leading television network, was met with massive criticism and outcry among local celebrities and television viewers, as well as politicians and militant groups.[172] [173] The franchise controversy mainly focuses on the disputes between the Duterte administration and ABS-CBN, which Duterte has criticized for their "alleged biased and unfavorable news coverage" against Duterte, beginning with his presidential campaign in the 2016 Philippine presidential election.[174] Duterte voiced his opposition to the network's renewal of congressional franchise, stating that "I will see to it that you're out."[175] After the National Telecommunications Commission (NTC) and Solicitor General Jose Calida issued a cease and desist order against ABS-CBN,[176] [177] the network effectively ceased broadcasting on May 5, 2020.[178] [179] [180]

Congressional hearings for the new franchise began on May 26, 2020.[181] [182] On June 30, the NTC and Calida issued two alias cease and desist orders (ACDO) demanding ABS-CBN TV Plus (and all of its digital channels like Yey! and Asianovela Channel) and Sky Direct to immediately cease all of its operations.[183] [184] [185] On July 10, members of the House of Representatives, particularly the Committee on Legislative Franchises, voted 70–11 to reject the franchise application of ABS-CBN citing political reasons and several issues on the network's franchise.[186] [187] In response, supporters, employees, and personalities of ABS-CBN held a noise barrage in solidarity with the network since July 13, 2020.[188] [189]

Anti-Terrorism Act

On June 3, 2020, the House of Representatives approved the HB No. 6875 or known as Anti-Terrorism Act.[190] The bill was certified as "urgent" by President Rodrigo Duterte and the aim of passage of the bill is to response to the threat in the country.[191] On the bill, it states that "any law enforcer to arrest and detain without warrant 'a person suspected of committing any of the acts' punishable under the measure for 14 calendar days, extendable by 10 days and "the suspected 'terrorist' can also be placed under surveillance for 60 days, extendable by up to 30 more days, by the police or the military."[192]

However, it was met by massive criticism among politicians, religious organizations, and as well as celebrities: Catholic and Protestant organizations condemned the anti-terror law, stating that "we believe that the anti-terrorism bill will insidiously strip away respect for human rights and other civil liberties".[193] Several lawmakers from Mindanao expressed their alarm over the bill, saying that the bill will only incite violence, instead of ending the terrorism.[194] The Commission of Human Rights (CHR) also expressed concerns over the bill.[195] Vice President Leni Robredo questioned the timing of the passage of the Anti-Terrorism Act of 2020. Various groups held a rally to protest the bill on June 3 and 4, citing that the government will use it to harass, abduct, and silence the critics of the Duterte administration and also arresting the citizens without the warrant.[196] [197] Outside the Philippines, American singer Taylor Swift expressed her opposition to the bill through her Instagram story.[198] [199] Swedish environmental activist teenager Greta Thunberg also joined the petition against anti-terrorism law.[200]

Red-tagging

Red-tagging refers to the malicious blacklisting of individuals or organizations critical or not fully supportive of the actions of a sitting government administration. This blacklisting takes the form of being "tagged" as either a Communist or terrorist or both, regardless of one's actual political beliefs or group affiliations.[201] Such blacklisting is a form of incitement and has pernicious effects on its targets.[202]

The red-tagging, under the Duterte administration, came into light in October 2020 when local celebrities Angel Locsin, Liza Soberano, and Catriona Gray were being "red-tagged" by the military. Locsin, after merely criticizing Congress, was accused of being a terrorist and a member of the NPA.[203] Lt. Gen. Antonio Parlarde Jr. of the National Task Force to End Local Communist Armed Conflict (NTF-ELCAC) urged supporters of the government to refrain from “red tagging” actress Liza Soberano after she appeared on a webinar of GABRIELA, but appeared to have done it himself anyway. Parlarde warned her that engaging with activist groups like GABRIELA would make her end up like activist Josephine Lapira, who allegedly joined the NPA and was killed in an armed encounter with government troops. He also red-tagged several other celebrities who are vocal against the government, such as beauty queen Catriona Gray and actress Angel Locsin.[204] Soberano's camp denounced the "red tagging" of the actress.[205] GABRIELA, with senators Risa Hontiveros and Francis Pangilinan defended Soberano and criticized Parlarde's "red tagging," while the Concerned Artists of the Philippines (CAP) urged the general to retract his statement and apologize to the actress.[206] [207]

Duterte's absence from the public eye / #NasaanAngPangulo

Duterte's absence from the public eye during the press briefings in preparation for incoming typhoons (recently typhoons Goni (Rolly) and Vamco (Ulysses)) drew uproar on social media and the hashtag #NasaanAngPangulo (#WhereisthePresident) trended on Twitter.[208] [209] As a result, several youths staged a protest to condemn the government's lack of response to the recent calamities and also calling Duterte to step down if he did not heed the demands of the strike.[210] [211] Duterte defended his absence, stating that he visited his parents' grave in Davao.[212]

Ironically, the hashtag #NasaanAngBisePresidente (#WhereistheVicePresident) was dominated on Twitter, asking the whereabouts of Vice President Leni Robredo during the onslaught of Tropical Storm Krovanh (Vicky) on December 19, 2020, that brought massive flooding in parts of Mindanao.[213] [214]

The hashtag trended once again on April 7, 2021, following Duterte's cancellation of his weekly national address, in which netizens aired their speculations over the president's health and whereabouts.[215] On the same day, Presidential Spokesperson Harry Roque said that Duterte would not deliver his public address due to the rising number of COVID-19 cases.[216]

Termination of 1989 UP-DND accord

The 1989 University of the Philippines–Department of National Defense accord was a bilateral agreement between the Department of National Defense (DND) and the University of the Philippines (UP) that restricted military and police access and operations inside the university.[217] [218] The agreement was signed by then-UP President Jose V. Abueva and then-Defense Secretary Fidel V. Ramos following the arrest of Donato Continente, a staffer of The Philippine Collegian and an alleged communist, who was arrested within the premises of the university for his involvement in the killing of US Army Col. James Nicholas Rowe on April 21, 1989.[219] [218] As a response, the University of the Philippines held a rally to condemn the termination of the agreement.[220] [221]

Other causes

Aside from above-mentioned issues, demonstrators also protested other issues such as:

Protests against overseas ties with Duterte

Ties with China

Most militant groups decried the ties between President Duterte and China over the occupation of Chinese vessels and the reported harassment of Filipino fisherfolk amid territorial disputes in the South China Sea.[236] [237]

On July 12, 2018, tarpaulin banners read "WELCOME TO THE PHILIPPINES, PROVINCE OF CHINA" (with a Chinese translation below the text) were hung on several footbridges in Metro Manila, coinciding with the two-year anniversary of winning the Philippines on its arbitration case against China.[238] The tarpaulins were seen as a possible reference to a "joke" made by Duterte that the country can be a province of the Asian giant, five months earlier.[238] [239] Chinese Ambassador Zhao Jianhua slammed the banners, calling it a "vicious attack" on the "independent foreign policy" pursued by Duterte.[240] Zhao also said that the Philippines "can never be any part of China."[241] The Philippine National Police were investigating the person behind the tarpaulins,[242] but the person was never known.[238] Presidential Spokesperson Harry Roque said that the banners were "absurd" and were made by "enemies" of the government.[242] Opposition lawmakers Bayan Muna Rep. Carlos Zarate and Alliance of Concerned Teachers Rep. Antonio Tinio denied that leftist groups were behind the tarpaulins.[242]

The state visit of Chinese President Xi Jinping on November 19–21, 2018, triggered protests by militant groups, who called him to "go away" in Mandarin.[243] The reason they held a protest was that the Philippines "sold" its territories to China.[243]

Ties with the United States

The United States is one of the countries critical to Philippine drug war campaign, in which then-President Barack Obama and U.S. senators condemned and denounced the human rights abuses amid the campaign. Nevertheless, the United States Senate discussed the drug war in late 2016, noting the possibility that U.S. State Department assistance to the Philippines might be used to commit gross human rights violations.[244] [245] [246] Regardless of the sitting U.S. president, most of the militant groups – particularly left-wing groups – aimed protests at the United States through placards and streamers denouncing "imperialism"[247] and neoliberal policies,[248] with Trump-Duterte effigies displayed on some occasions.[249] Rights groups, activists, and academics have claimed that despite the condemnation, the U.S. continues to fund the war on drugs and Duterte's anti-insurgency program.[250] [251] Moreover, they cite the continuation and upholding of such treaties as the Enhanced Defense Cooperation Agreement (EDCA) as examples of the US breaching Philippine sovereignty.[252] Anti-imperialist group League of Filipino Students also accused Duterte of allowing the entry of American warships and other military equipment as part of the Balikatan exercises in the country.[253]

Amid escalating tension between Iran and the U.S. following the killing of Qasem Soleimani in a drone strike conducted by the United States on January 3, 2020,[254] [255] the Philippine government planned to send Philippine military to the Middle East, triggering condemnation and protests by various militant groups on January 10, 2020. According to protesters, this plan would put overseas Filipino workers there at risk should the Philippines ally with the U.S.[256]

Donald Trump's visit to the Philippines

Numerous militant groups staged a series of protests from November 9 to 14, 2017, against the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Summit hosted by the Philippines.[257] [258] Their call was to ban the visit of U.S. President Donald Trump, who was scheduled to attend ASEAN-related summits as a dialogue partner.[259] According to student leader Elijah San Pedro, this was because Trump seems "to have dragged the Philippines into his war rhetorics against North Korea."[260] Atty. Aaron Pedrosa of SANLAKAS also said that the Mamasapano massacre and the war in Marawi were created by the U.S.-led War on Terror.[260] Karapatan Alliance for the Advancement of People's Rights slammed the Trump administration for "'funding' the administration's war on drugs."[260] The Philippine Coast Guard alleged that protesters attempted to bribe fisherfolk to get them close to the United States Embassy.[261] A group of protesters led by Anakbayan managed to reach the gate of Philippine International Convention Center, despite tight security.[262]

Militant group Kalipunan ng Damayang Mahihirap (Kadamay) also staged protests against Trump.[263] [264] The group said that the ($292 million) budget of the ASEAN Summit could have been used to assist the poor. Bagong Alyansang Makabayan, have the Trump's effigy — with four rotating hands shaped into the swastika symbol and President Rodrigo Duterte can be seen behind — burned. In addition to images of Trump, protesters also burned images of Australian Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull, Japanese Prime Minister Shinzō Abe, Russian President Vladimir Putin, and Chinese Premier Li Keqiang, whom protesters said are responsible for the anti-Filipino and imperialistic agenda allegedly promoted by the Duterte administration.[265]

Anti-riot police used water cannons and a sonic alarm to repel activists.[266] Despite being fired at with water cannons, protesters continued to push forward against the blocking police.[267] Twenty members of militant groups were reportedly injured after the clash with the police.[268] Trump arrived in the country on November 12.[269]

Events

Following the burial of Ferdinand Marcos

Protests against Rodrigo Duterte started when late dictator Ferdinand Marcos was buried on November 18, 2016, at the Libingan ng mga Bayani, described by the media as a "surprise burial". Remembering the Marcos dictatorship era, thousands of protesters, including well-known personalities and politicians, staged the protests.[270] [271] [272] [273]

Protests organized by religious groups

The "Walk for Life" was a mass demonstration organized by the Catholic Bishops' Conference of the Philippines (CBCP) protesting proposals to reintroduce the death penalty and calling for an end to killings amid the country's ongoing war on drugs. The event was first announced on late January 2017 by former CBCP President Socrates Villegas.[274] On February 18, the march gathered approximately 20,000 Filipino Catholics in Manila.[275]

An estimated 3,500 protesters attended a November 5, 2017 prayer rally and healing mass, dubbed "Lord, Heal Our Land", organized by the Catholic Church on EDSA to oppose the extrajudicial killings.[276] The organizers said the event was meant to express frustration and not "destabilization."[277] On February 24, 2018, thousands of people joined at the Quirino Grandstand.[278]

People Power Revolution anniversary

Demonstrators commemorated the 32nd anniversary of People Power Revolution[279] on February 25, 2018.[280] Several groups including students, activists, and other opponents held protests against Duterte administration actions.[281]

On February 23, 2019, more than 1,300 supporters of the opposition gathered at the People Power Monument in White Plains to commemorate the 33rd anniversary of People Power Revolution[282] [283] and denounced the administration-backed senatorial candidates for 2019 including former presidential aide Bong Go and former Ilocos Norte Governor Imee Marcos.[283] Opposition figures also issued statements ahead of the event.[282]

On February 24, about 600 people, joined by former President Benigno Aquino III and supporters of opposition senatorial candidates from Otso Diretso, gathered at the People Power Monument,[284] where footage of Duterte's expletive speeches were projected on stage.[284] In his speech, Aquino broke the silence on the Dengvaxia controversy and the measles outbreak.[284] [285]

On February 22, 2020, ahead of 34th anniversary, demonstrators gathered at the People Power Monument to protest how Duterte is allegedly "allowing China to breach Philippine sovereignty" and called for Duterte to resign from office.[286] On February 24, a group of artists projected their graffiti depicting a wanted poster of Duterte on the walls of Philippine National Police.[287] The PNP condemned the digital graffiti, stating that the People Power Revolution "makes it totally deplorable."[288] On February 25, several people attended the event, including former Vice President Jejomar Binay and former Senators Rene Saguisag and Serge Osmeña.[289] Organizers had projected fewer attendees due to the outbreak of COVID-19 in the country.[290]

On the anniversary of the People Power Revolution in 2021, several demonstrators marched toward the People Power Monument.[291]

Labor Day protests

On May 1, 2018, about 20,000 protesters clad in red shirts and featuring Duterte's effigies gathered at Mendiola[292] rejecting the executive order ending the "end-of-contract scheme" (endo) signed by Duterte,[293] claiming that what Duterte signed about was not the EO they had drafted.[294] The signed EO dismayed labor groups[295] and garnered mixed reception from various other groups.[296]

On April 30, 2019, few members of Tindig Pilipinas gathered at the headquarters of Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) to protest the "increasing" Chinese workers in the country.[297] On May 1, several militant groups held a rally on Labor Day, condemning the government's failure of "endo", TRAIN Law and demanding the salary increase and the minimum wage increase to Php 750.[297] [298] According to the Philippine National Police, about 8,000 people attended the rally.[299]

In 2020, militants held a Labor Day protest online due to COVID-19 pandemic lockdown.[300]

On April 20, 2021, militant labor groups distributed at community pantries pamphlets criticizing Duterte and enticing people to join the Labor Day protest to oust the president from office.[301] On May 1, several groups were prevented by police to reach Mendiola Street, reminding them to follow the minimum health standards amidst the implementation of Modified Enhance Community Quarantine (MECQ) in Metro Manila.[302] The groups held a rally at the Welcome Rotonda calling for wage increase and P10,000 (approximately US$207 in 2021) aid for those affected by the pandemic.[302] Some protesters, including Bishop Broderick Pabillo, held a rally via online.[302]

Independence Day (June 12) protests

On June 12, 2018, President Duterte's Independence Day speech in Kawit, Cavite was interrupted when 10 demonstrators chanted "Hunyo 12, huwad na kalayaan! Duterte patalsikin, pasista biguin!" ("12th of June, a false independence! Duterte must be ousted, the fascist must be defeated!") Duterte remained calm and acknowledging "the protesters' right to express their thoughts and feelings."[303] [304] [305] A demonstrator was arrested for “interrupting public order”.[306]

Duterte's State of the Nation Address

See also: Protests during the State of the Nation Addresses of Rodrigo Duterte. The protests during the State of the Nation Addresses of Rodrigo Duterte were held every fourth Monday of July.

Anniversary of the 1972 martial law declaration

See main article: Proclamation No. 1081.

See also: Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos. On September 21, 2017, nationwide protests — also known as the "National Day of Protest" — were conducted by various groups against the government's implementation of the war on drugs and the ongoing state of martial law in the whole of Mindanao under the Duterte administration, as part of the commemoration of the 45th anniversary of the declaration of martial law in 1972 by the late President Marcos.[307] [308] As the day of protest approached, Malacañang Palace released Duterte's Proclamation No. 319 and Memorandum Circular no. 26 on this day.[309] A Memorandum Circular no. 26 states that government offices and public schools at all levels are suspended. Duterte said that he will not condone any means of violence which is committed by protesters.[310] [311] Duterte dared the communist New People's Army "to bring the protests to Manila, because he vowed not to arrest them."[312]

Left-wing activists and opposition of Duterte accused him of abuses and authoritarianism similar to that of Marcos.[313] In Plaza Miranda, about 500 pro-Duterte rallyists gathered in front of the Quiapo Church.[314] Pro and anti-Duterte rallyists also engaged in chant battle.[315] A group of pro-Duterte supporters are seen elsewhere in the city, calling to stop the "destabilization," which is rumored to be made by the opposition.[316] The protesters also adapted the Tagalog version of "Do You Hear the People Sing?".[317]

On September 21, 2018, nationwide protests marking the 46th anniversary of Martial Law were conducted mainly by several groups such as Youth Act Now Against Tyranny and Bagong Alyansang Makabayan.[318] The event was attended by former Chief Justice Maria Lourdes Sereno, while Liberal Party members held the event by mass. Pro-Duterte supporters also held the demonstration.[319]

On September 21, 2019, various groups staged protests commemorating the anniversary of martial law.[320] The event was attended by martial law victims.[321]

On its anniversary in 2020, several protesters held a rally in the streets of Metro Manila using pictures of Ferdinand Marcos as a social distance marker.[322] On September 21, 2021, several groups holding a rally to mark the 49th anniversary of the declaration were blocked by the police[323] from reaching their destinations such as Liwasang Bonifacio and Welcome Rotonda.[324]

Pandi housing project protests

Militant group Kadamay (Kalipunan ng Damayang Mahihirap) began their protests on March 8, 2017, when its members illegally occupied government housing projects in Pandi, Bulacan.[325] The group criticized the National Housing Authority (Philippines) and President Duterte, for not providing decent housing for poor people.[326] Other militant groups Kilusang Mayo Uno, Bagong Alyansang Makabayan, Makabayan, Gabriela and Anakpawis joined the protests.[327] On March 24, Kadamay protests turned violent when they attempted to break the gate of NHA, injuring one person.[328] The protests ended on April 4 when Duterte announced that members of Kadamay may now live in the occupied units, as long as they do not oust police officers and soldiers who currently reside there.[329]

In the aftermath of Pandi occupation, Kadamay gathered at the headquarters of the Office of the Ombudsman, demanding livelihood so that they can pay for the occupied houses.[330]

Martial law in Mindanao

Following the declaration of martial law in Mindanao on May 23, 2017, amid the Battle of Marawi, protests were held on Mendiola Street, calling for the revocation of the declaration. Protesters cited the increase of human rights violation cases because of the course of martial law and said martial law was not the solution to the situation happening in Mindanao.[331] On May 29, various groups including Lumad and Moro people and farmers from Mindanao gathered in separate places in Metro Manila to condemn the declaration of martial law and alleged killing of innocent civilians amid the Marawi crisis.[332] Demonstrators from Southern Tagalog marched to Mendiola, and some groups gathered at the Senate.[332]

On July 21, 2017, a Senate session on martial law extension was interrupted by eight militant groups, who were immediately arrested. At the session, the lawmakers asked about reports of human rights violations, which were denied by the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP).[333] On December 13, 2017, Congress granted Duterte's request to extend martial law with a vote of 240–27 (14–4 from the Senate, 226–23 from the House),[334] causing another batch of protests.[335] On December 13, 2018, the Senate and the House of Representatives approved President Duterte's request to extend martial law in Mindanao until 2019[336] triggering protests, whose participants were from Mindanao.[337]

Bonifacio Day protests

On November 30, 2017, as part of Bonifacio Day celebration, a protest was held, condemning the revolutionary government threat.[338] On the other side, around thousands of Duterte supporters gathered at Mendiola, urging Duterte to declare a revolutionary government.[339] Presidential spokesperson Harry Roque advised the pro-revolutionary government supporters "to conduct their rallies in a peaceful, orderly manner."[340] Harry Roque also said that "The president has earlier said that he does not want a revolutionary government. This, however, does not mean he would prevent citizens from expressing their support for a revolutionary government."[340]

On November 28, 2018, labor groups staged a protest in Mendiola and said they will stay until November 30, Bonifacio Day. Kilusang Mayo Uno chairperson Elmer Labog said that they will not stop demonstrating until Malacañang entertains them about not only regularization and wage increase but also stopping the military presence in Mindanao amidst ongoing martial law.[341] On November 30, 2018, demonstrators marched at Mendiola bringing the effigy of Duterte depicted as king, which was then destroyed by using shovel and dummy sledgehammer.[342]

On its anniversary of 2019, militant groups staged protests on Bonifacio Day[343] carrying caricatures of Duterte, along with President Donald Trump and Chinese President Xi Jinping.[344] In 2020, protests were held in the streets of Manila condemning red-tagging, anti-terror law and the death of NPA medic Jevilyn Cullamat,[345] daughter of Bayan Muna Representative Eufemia Cullamat, who was killed in a clash in Marihatag, Surigao del Sur with Philippine Army's 3rd Special Forces Battalion on November 28, 2020.[345] [346] Meanwhile, five protesters in Cebu were arrested.

Revocation of Rappler

National Union of Journalists of the Philippines staged a protest, dubbed as "Black Friday Protest for Freedom," in Quezon City and other parts of the country such as Bacolod and Zamboanga City on the evening of January 19, 2018,[347] [348] [349] following the revocation of online news site Rappler by Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) eight days prior.[350] At the same time, National Bureau of Investigation issued a subpoena against CEO Maria Ressa, former reporter Reynaldo Santos, and businessman Benjamin Bitanga for violating the anti-cybercrime act.[351] The protest was attended by 300 people wearing black T-shirts.[352] [353] Rappler is known to be critical of the Duterte administration.[354] Presidential Spokesperson Harry Roque said that Duterte has no involvement in the SEC's decision.[355] Roque said that the Friday protest "is a testament that freedom is alive and democracy is alive in the Philippines."[356] The revocation was condemned by opposition figures such as Kadamay chairperson Gloria Arellano, Senators Leila de Lima[357] and Antonio Trillanes[358] National Union of Journalists of the Philippines,[359] Anakbayan,[359] UP Diliman,[359] and the anonymous critic from The New York Times.[360] Other bloggers and journalists were also present at the protest.[361]

Quo warranto petition against Sereno

On May 11, 2018, supporters of Supreme Court Chief Justice Maria Lourders Sereno gathered at the streets near the Supreme Court after the Court voted 8–6 removing her from the high court.[362] A number of politicians expressed condemnation of the ousting.[363] A prayer rally and protest was conducted in Bacolod,[364] Katipunan Ave, Quezon City,[365] displaying a makeshift coffin that, according to the protesters, symbolizes and mourns the "death of democracy" and the "death of judiciary."[366]

Transport strikes

Transports groups held a series of strikes protesting the phaseout of old jeepneys on February 6 and 27, leaving hundreds of commuters stranded.[367] [368] As a result of protests, classes and government work were suspended.[369] [370] [371] Transport groups resumed the protests on September 24[372] and October 14 to 16.[373]

On September 30, transport groups held a nationwide strike, leaving around 95% of routes in Metro Manila paralyzed.[374] [375] The transport groups claimed success of protesting against the jeepney modernization program countering the claim of MMDA Spokesperson Celine Pialago that their strike was "unsuccessful".[376] [377]

Manila underpass vandalism

On the third week of November 2019, the Lagusnilad underpass in Metro Manila was vandalized with the messages of the protest written in a red-colored spray can.,[378] angering Manila Mayor Isko Moreno."[379] The youth group, Panday Sining, a cultural arm of Anakbayan, took responsibility of the vandalism and apologized to the public for "inconvenience", but remains concerned over the ongoing martial law in Mindanao.[380]

Other events

Farmer groups celebrated the 32nd anniversary of 1987 Mendiola massacre on January 22, 2019, appealing for land reform. Despite the massacre happened during the Corazon Aquino administration, most militant groups aimed at Duterte through their placards.[116] On January 25, 2019, a prayer rally opposing the lowering of age of criminal responsibility was held on January 25, 2019, at Malate, Manila.[381]

Outside the Philippines

While the protests are mainly held within the country, there are, yet occasionally, protests being held overseas. The first known documented protests aimed directly against Duterte was held in Philippine consulate in New York City on October 11, 2016, condemning the war on drugs. Following the shooting of 17-year-old student Kian delos Santos on August 16, 2017, massive protests were held in several countries.[382] The state visit of Duterte in Israel was met by the protests on September 4, 2018.[383]

Walkouts

Several students from various universities walked out of their classes to protest the planned jeepney phaseout and ongoing martial law in the Mindanao on February 23, 2018.[384] [385] The hashtag #WalkOutPH reached more than 3,000 tweets and at least 2.6 million impressions on Twitter.[386]

On August 20, 2019, students and staff from the University of the Philippines walked out of their classes to protest the military intervention in their campuses.[387]

Because of the continuous clamor regarding government response on COVID-19, negligence over disaster response after Typhoon Ulysses, and concerns regarding the educational situation, students from Ateneo de Manila University, on November 14, 2020, initiated an academic "Youth Strike" demanding Duterte to step down if he did not heed the demands of the strike.[388] Many students from various universities and colleges followed, and was translated into a physical protest on November 17.

Health workers protest

On July 16, 2021, health workers held a protest in front of the headquarters of Department of Health (DOH) in Manila, where they threw tomatoes at the DOH logo on the gate.[389] On August 30, September 1, and November 24, 2021,[390] health workers from various hospitals in Manila held a protest at the DOH headquarters over nonpayment salary to their benefits and demanding Secretary Duque and President Duterte to resign over the handling of the COVID-19 pandemic in the country.[391] [392] [393]

List of protest hashtags

Critics and opposition of the government use social media, especially Twitter, as a platform to lambast Duterte for various issues happening in the country.

Hashtag! scope="col"
Issues
  1. OustDuterte / #OustDuterteNow
  • COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines[394]
  • Duterte's remarks of ordering to "shoot" the violators of COVID-19 quarantine protocol during his speech on April 1[395]
  • Detention of activist Reina Mae Nasino and the subsequent death of her daughter, River Nasino
  1. StopTheKillingsPH
2020 Tarlac shooting
  1. JunkTerrorBill
Anti-Terrorism Act of 2020[396]
  1. NasaanAngPangulo
Typhoons Goni (Rolly) and Vamco (Ulysses)
  1. DutertePalpak
COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines[397]
  1. DuterteDuwag
Territorial disputes in the South China Sea[398]
  1. DuterteWakasan
Goals to oust Duterte from the office[399]

Injuries and arrests

March 24, 20171 (protester)
November 12, 20179 (protesters)[400]
November 15, 201750 (police)[401]
July 4, 20215 (protesters)[402]
Total65
April 3, 201780[403]
July 21, 20178[404]
June 12, 20181[405]
April 1, 202021[406]
June 4, 20208[407]
June 26, 202020[408]
July 4, 202011[409]
July 27, 202034[410]
November 30, 20205[411]
February 25, 20211
Total189

Opposition accolades

Shibby de Guzman30 Most Influential Teens (Time)2017text-align:center[412]
  1. BabaeAko movement
25 Most Influential People on the Internet (Time)2018text-align:center[413]

See also

General

Protest against other presidents

Notes and References

  1. News: PNP to deploy 15,000 cops to secure Duterte's final SONA on July 26 . 27 July 2021 . UNTV News.
  2. News: Millennials lead protests vs Marcos burial. Philippine Daily Inquirer.. November 20, 2016.
  3. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jul/01/philippines-president-rodrigo-duterte-urges-people-to-kill-drug-addicts "Philippines president Rodrigo Duterte urged people to kill drug addicts"
  4. News: Gomez . Jim . Philippine leader unabashedly threatens to kill drug dealers . 9 March 2022 . ABC News . Associated Press . 27 July 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210726061154/https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/duterte-deliver-final-speech-congress-amid-crises-79055622 . 26 July 2021 . en.
  5. Web site: Filipino human rights activists protest against anti-drug campaign . 2022-07-19 . www.efe.com . en.
  6. News: Duterte to deliver state of the nation address amid protests . October 27, 2019 . The Christian Science Monitor. Mr. Duterte took office in June 2016 and has remained hugely popular in opinion polling despite drug war deaths that have sparked international alarm and other controversial policies..
  7. News: 'MANLABAN SA EJK' Mga abugado, bumuo ng grupong tumutuligsa sa EJK kaugnay ng war on drugs . . https://web.archive.org/web/20171105102054/http://news.tv5.com.ph/breaking/manlaban-sa-ejk-mga-abugado-bumuo-ng-grupong-tumutuligsa-sa-ejk-kaugnay-ng-war-on-drugs . 2017-11-05.
  8. See the following reports of desaparecidos:
  9. News: Dateline Philippines: 1,993 'desaparecidos' since Marcos: human rights federation . ABS-CBN News – via YouTube.
  10. News: Pamilya ng mga umano'y EJK victim, sigaw pa rin ang hustisya Bandila . November 3, 2019. tl. ABS-CBN News. YouTube. Note: Pause at 2:10.
  11. News: Duterte's Philippines drug war death toll rises above 5,000 . July 19, 2019 . The Guardian.
  12. News: Murder, torture raps filed vs. police over Kian's death. CNN Philippines. August 26, 2017. August 7, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200807185850/https://cnnphilippines.com/news/2017/08/25/Kians-kin-files-murder-torture-raps-vs.-Caloocan-police.html. dead.
  13. News: 17-year-old student gunned down by cops in anti-drug operations. CNN Philippines. August 26, 2017. November 12, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201112032112/https://cnnphilippines.com/news/2017/08/18/Kian-Loyd-Delos-Santos-war-on-drugs-Caloocan-police-operations.html. dead.
  14. News: 17-year-old's death jolts senators to speak vs killings. The Philippine Star.
  15. News: Placido. Dharel. Duterte to pursue raps vs. cops in Carl Angelo's killing. ABS-CBN News. September 6, 2017. September 10, 2017.
  16. News: Talabong. Rambo. Missing teen last found with Carl Arnaiz found dead with 30 stab wounds. Rappler. September 6, 2017. September 10, 2017.
  17. See the following protests:
  18. News: October 17, 2020 . CHR looking into Nasino case, 'deeply concerned' on how gov't is handling it . Philippine Daily Inquirer .
  19. News: October 17, 2020 . As SC justices debated prisoner release, a baby was born, then died. Rappler. River Nasino, 3 months old, died on October 9 because of pneumonia. River was born underweight at the Dr Jose Fabella Memorial Hospital on July 1. Her mother, 23-year-old activist Reina Mae Nasino, carried the baby in her womb while detained at the Manila City Jail..
  20. News: October 17, 2020 . Arrested in 2019 crackdown, jailed activist gives birth in a pandemic . Rappler .
  21. News: October 17, 2020 . Baby River, who died in 'cracks' of justice system, laid to rest under tight police watch . .
  22. News: October 17, 2020 . Activist Reina Mae Nasino attends child's burial at Manila cemetery . . October 17, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201017103514/https://www.manilatimes.net/2020/10/16/news/latest-stories/activist-reina-mae-nasino-attends-childs-burial-at-manila-cemetery/781230/ . dead .
  23. News: October 17, 2020 . Calls to free Reina Mae Nasino, justice for Baby River dominate Twitter trends after funeral tension . .
  24. News: October 19, 2020 . Protests. Facebook . October 20, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201020061039/https://www.facebook.com/alfred.calayo/posts/10218365542512421.
  25. manilabulletin. 1316977166727417856 . October 16, 2020 . LOOK: Activists call for justice for Nasino and River in a rally outside the Manila North Cemetery. (Camera with flash: Kapatid) via @MBMinkaTiangco. October 19, 2020 .
  26. News: December 21, 2020 . Cop shoots unarmed mother, son over 'boga' in Tarlac . Rappler. The shooting happened at 5:10 pm then was reported to the Paniqui police station at 5:30 pm. Nearly an hour later, at 6:19 pm, Nuezca surrendered to the Rosales police station in Pangasinan province. Paniqui police picked up Nuezca and now have him in their custody..
  27. News: December 21, 2020 . Pulis na viral sa pamamaril ng 2 dahil sa 'boga' sumuko; kasong double murder inihahanda . The Philippine Star.
  28. News: December 21, 2020 . Rage and fury over cop's killing of mother and son: 'No license to kill'. Rappler.
  29. News: December 21, 2020 . Maine Mendoza, Agot Isidro other celebrities concerned over cop's slaying of mother, son. Manila Bulletin.
  30. News: December 22, 2020 . A Brazen Police Shooting Caught on Video Sparks Anger in the Philippines . The New York Times. Gutierrez, Jason. December 21, 2020 . MANILA — A video of a police officer shooting a woman and her adult son at close range on Sunday has spread rapidly across social media in the Philippines, provoking a wave of outrage directed at the government and a police force that many say acts with impunity..
  31. 1340968744781193216. altermidya.
    1. StopTheKillingsPH: Activists & concerned citizens cry justice for Sonya & Frank Gregorio and all victims of police brutality and state violence. The groups held an indignation rally at the Boy Scout Circle in QC after a police officer killed the 2 unarmed residents in Tarlac.
    . December 21, 2020. January 7, 2021.
  32. http://www.rappler.com/nation/politics/elections/2016/123061-duterte-marcos-burial-libingan-bayani "Duterte in Ilocos Norte: I will allow Marcos' burial in Heroes' Cemetery"
  33. News: Cabacungan. Gil. SC votes, 9-5, for burial of Marcos at Libingan. January 8, 2018. Philippine Daily Inquirer. November 9, 2016.
  34. News: Guinto. Joel. Late dictator Marcos buried at Libingan ng mga Bayani. January 8, 2018. ABS-CBN News and Current Affairs. November 18, 2016.
  35. News: Duterte to jeepney drivers: Modernize or else…. Philippine Daily Inquirer.
  36. https://web.archive.org/web/20180117054025/http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/news/nation/630095/duterte-s-deadline-to-upgrade-jeepneys-only-an-expression-of-urgency-delgra-says/story/ "Duterte's deadline to upgrade jeepneys only ‘an expression of urgency,’ Delgra says"
  37. News: LOOK: Hordes of commuters wait for a ride as jeepney drivers hold strike . Philippine Daily Inquirer.
  38. News: LTFRB readies city buses for backup amid "Tanggal Usok, Tanggal Bulok" campaign. UNTV News.
  39. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4La5r-x3DeI "250 PUVs flagged down in campaign vs old vehicles, smoke belchers"
  40. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Odgr-vo1xA8 "Bandila: Mga pasahero, walang masakyan dahil sa pagtatanggal ng bulok na PUV"
  41. News: Jeepney drivers, operators hold transport strike . Philippine Daily Inquirer.
  42. News: Transport groups set Black Monday strike . “The way I see it, they'll be taking away our franchises on July 1 anyway. What's the difference? There is nothing that can stop us,” Magno said..
  43. Web site: Ramos. Mariejo S.. 2020-12-24. Jeepney operators, drivers given 3 more months to merge fleets. 2022-02-03. INQUIRER.net. en.
  44. Web site: Marawi crisis: What we know so far . . 25 May 2017 . 25 May 2017.
  45. Web site: Marawi: City destroyed in Philippines' longest urban war. Inquirer News. 19 October 2017. 19 October 2017.
  46. http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2017/05/24/Duterte-declares-martial-law-in-Mindanao.html "Duterte declares martial law in Mindanao"
  47. News: Can Duterte declare a revolutionary government?.
  48. News: Rody threatens to declare revolutionary gov't if.... The Philippine Star.
  49. News: Revolutionary gov't remark not an outright statement, Duterte insists. The Philippine Star.
  50. News: August 30, 2020 . RevGov being revived amid queries on Duterte isolation . The Philippine Star. Jarius . Bondoc .
  51. News: August 30, 2020 . Duterte denies hand in calls for RevGov . Philippine News Agency .
  52. News: SEC revokes Rappler's certificate of incorporation . January 17, 2018 . GMA News . January 15, 2018.
  53. News: Rappler's incorporation papers revoked by SEC . January 17, 2018 . ABS-CBN News . January 15, 2018.
  54. News: Cabuenas . John Viktor . Rappler can still continue operating, says SEC . January 17, 2018 . GMA News . January 15, 2018.
  55. Web site: Rappler reporters may continue to cover beats as 'bloggers' - Palace … . January 18, 2018 . https://archive.today/20180118113749/http://news.abs-cbn.com/news/01/17/18/rappler-reporters-may-continue-to-cover-beats-as-bloggers-palace . January 18, 2018 . dead .
  56. News: Omidyar Network donates investment to Rappler's Filipino managers . March 1, 2018 . CNN . March 2, 2018 . en . June 15, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180615191343/http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2018/02/28/Omidyar-Network-donates-investment-to-Rapplers-Filipino-managers.html . dead .
  57. News: Maria Ressa posts P100,000 bail, hits 'weaponization of law' . February 15, 2019 . The Philippine Star.
  58. News: Ressa arrest sparks int'l outrage . February 15, 2019 . . Rappler and Ressa, 55, have been hit with tax evasion charges and now a cyberlibel case after clashing repeatedly with Duterte over the President's war on illegal drugs that has killed thousands of suspects..
  59. News: 'Persecution by a bully government': Journalists, advocates slam arrest of Maria Ressa . February 15, 2019 . Rappler.
  60. News: Duterte denies involvement in Maria Ressa cyber libel case . February 15, 2019 . Rappler.
  61. News: Duterte signs tax reform, 2018 budget into law . ABS-CBN News.
  62. "Ito ang hinaing ng mga raliyista, tila unli na daw kasi ang pahirap na dinaranas ngayon ng masa. Triple whamming ang tawag nila sa linguhang pagtaas ng presyo ng langis na mitsa ng pagtaas din ng mga bilihin. Samantala, nakapako pa rin ang napakababang sahod bunsod ng kontraktwalisasyon. Web site: 'Wag lang puro papogi': Mga opisyal ng gobyerno, kinastigo ng labor group . Bigornia . Doris . ABS-CBN News . YouTube .
  63. (0:01–0:14) Umaaray ang mga may-ari ng sari-sari store. Apektado na kasi ng pagmamahal ng bilihin ang kanilang negosyo. Bukod sa malaking puhunang pambili sa paninda gaya ng softdrinks at matatamis na inumin, tumumal din ang benta nito. / (0:44) Umento sa sahod naman ang hiling ng minimum wage earners dahil sa kaliwa't kanan pagtaas ng presyo ng mga bilihin. / (1:22) Naglunsad naman ang Stop Train Coalition ng kampanya para makakalap ng isang milyong pirma sa hiling na ibasura ang tax reform law. – "Bandila: Ilang negosyante, umaaray sa pagtaas ng presyo ng mga bilihin"
  64. Web site: Gavilan . Jodesz . January 16, 2018 . What You Need to Know about Charter Change . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20180704153236/https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/iq/193718-charter-change-explainer-philippine-constitution . July 4, 2018 . July 4, 2018 . Rappler.
  65. the Philippines. XVII. 1987.
  66. Web site: December 1, 2008 . A Torrent of Cha-cha Measures . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20180826051828/http://pcij.org/blog/2008/12/01/a-torrent-of-cha-cha-measures . August 26, 2018 . October 25, 2018 . Philippine Center for Investigative Journalism.
  67. News: Cabacungan . Gil C. . December 10, 2008 . Con-ass or Con-con? Arroyo Stand Sought . Philippine Daily Inquirer . dead . April 18, 2015 . https://archive.today/20150417191343/http://www.inquirer.net/specialreports/charterchange/view.php?db=1&article=20081210-177129 . April 17, 2015.
  68. News: LOOK BACK: Past Charter Change attempts and why they failed . 2 February 2021 . Rappler.
  69. News: Mostoles . Trisha . Nishimori . Aleta Nieva . Group of Duterte supporters calls for revolutionary government, launches people's initiative . ABS-CBN News . August 22, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200822071947/https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/08/22/20/group-of-duterte-supporters-calls-for-revolutionary-government-launches-peoples-initiative . August 22, 2020.
  70. News: Elemia . Camille . 'Dead on arrival': Senate leaders reject Arroyo's draft charter . Rappler . October 9, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181009102634/https://www.rappler.com/nation/213862-senate-leaders-reject-arroyo-draft-constitution/ . October 9, 2018.
  71. News: Charter change talks being revived in Congress . 14 January 2021 . January 14, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210114233948/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2021/1/6/charter-change-economic-provisions-congress.html . dead .
  72. Web site: 'Endo' in the Philippines. Asia Pro. April 18, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180418070021/http://asiapro.coop/blog/endo-in-the-philippines/. April 18, 2018.
  73. News: All You Need to Know About Contractualization. Asia Pro. April 18, 2018. April 17, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180417225546/http://asiapro.coop/contractualization-all-need-know/. dead.
  74. News: Landmark EO on 'endo' awaits Duterte's signature. April 18, 2018. Philippine Daily Inquirer.
  75. News: Pia Ranada. Malacañang: Duterte EO on 'endo' to 'side with labor forces'. April 18, 2018. Rappler.
  76. News: Palace sides with Bello: No EO vs contractrualization, up to Congress to pass law. Rappler.
  77. See the demonstrations:
  78. News: Palace: Quo warranto petition vs Sereno 'unprecedented'. ABS-CBN News.
  79. News: Gadon complaint over SALN shows desperation: Sereno lawyer. ABS-CBN News.
  80. News: Sereno asserts 'indefinite leave is not a resignation'. ABS-CBN News.
  81. News: Sereno to go on 'indefinite leave'. ABS-CBN News.
  82. News: 25 lawmakers endorse impeachment complaint vs Sereno. Rappler.
  83. News: Activist priest killed in Ecija gun attack . The Philippine Star.
  84. News: Bishop blasts 'unjust and brutal' killing of elderly priest . November 9, 2018 . ABS-CBN News.
  85. News: Priest shot dead after Sunday Mass in Cagayan . November 9, 2018 . Rappler.
  86. News: CBCP condemns murder of Cagayan priest Mark Ventura . November 9, 2018 . Rappler.
  87. News: Cardinal Tagle hits murder of Cagayan's Fr Mark Ventura . November 9, 2018 . Rappler.
  88. News: Family of Fr Mark Ventura, PNP offer cash reward for info on his killers . November 9, 2018 . Rappler.
  89. News: Priest shot dead in Nueva Ecija — CBCP . GMA News.
  90. News: Another priest in Nueva Ecija gunned down . The Philippine Star.
  91. News: PNP nabs suspect in Fr. Richmond Nilo slay. Philippine Daily Inquirer.
  92. News: Suspect in Father Nilo's killing arrested – Nueva Ecija police . Rappler.
  93. News: 5 suspects tagged in Ecija priest's killing . ABS-CBN News.
  94. News: CCTV footage shows arrested suspect in Fr Nilo slay far from crime scene . Rappler.
  95. News: PNP got the wrong guy – grandma of accused in Fr Nilo murder . Rappler.
  96. News: Alleged gunman in Fr. Nilo slay 'a fall guy' —lawyer . GMA News.
  97. News: CBCP condemns 'outrageously evil' murder of Fr Richmond Nilo . Rappler.
  98. News: They are killing our flock. They are killing us shepherds. . June 29, 2018 . Rappler.
  99. News: Duterte calls Catholic Church 'most hypocritical institution' . Punzalan, Jamaine . . May 22, 2016 . November 6, 2016.
  100. News: Duterte slams Church as hypocritical institution . Inquirer.net . May 23, 2016 . November 6, 2016.
  101. News: Duterte makes fun of Catholic Church's practices . Philstar.com . June 27, 2016 . November 6, 2016.
  102. News: Cops arrest 'self-confessed' gunman in Nueva Ecija priest's slay . ABS-CBN News.
  103. News: Suspek sa pagpatay ng pari sa Nueva Ecija, arestado . ABS-CBN News.
  104. News: The cost of loitering: Rundown of penalties for 'Oplan Tambay' . ABS-CBN News.
  105. News: QC Police chief expects more suspects to be charged in Genesis Argoncillo's death . June 29, 2018 . June 29, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180629102346/http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2018/06/22/Genesis-Argoncillo-tambay-Quezon-City-police-murder.html . dead .
  106. News: Talabong. Rambo. July 30, 2021. Tambay by the thousands: The war on loiterers in numbers. Rappler. May 18, 2021.
  107. News: Murder charges filed vs 2 inmates for the death of 'Tisoy' . Philippine Daily Inquirer.
  108. News: TV Patrol: Hinuling 'tambay,' nakitang patay sa kulungan; 'Oplan Tambay,' nais ipatigil . ABS-CBN News. YouTube.
  109. News: Genesis Argoncillo killed by fellow detainees – QC police . Rappler.
  110. News: TV Patrol: Ilang magsasaka, nangalampag sa DAR . ABS-CBN News. YouTube. April. Rafales. (0:36–) Rafales: "Kinondena nila ang pagkontrol, pang-aabuso at pananakot umano ng militar sa kanilang lugar para imonopulyo ang mga lupa. Tinukoy din nila ang mga militar na pasimuno sa mga pagpatay sa mga magsasaka at kanilang mga kaanak." / Enrique Tumampil, Vice Chair of Kilusang Magbubukid of Masbate: Umaabot na po sa 10 ang bilang sa extrajudicial killing kasama na 'yon mga inosenteng bata / Eljohn Tumampil: "Ang bahay na mapasukan namin na walang tao, pinag-uutusan po ako na papasukin doon. Pag hindi ako sinusunod, binubugbog po nila ako."
  111. News: Grupo: Mga naulila ng EJK 'susuporta sa impeachment ni Duterte' . The Philippine Star.
  112. News: PNP eyes 4 groups in killing of 9 sugar farmers in Sagay . October 23, 2018 . Philippine Daily Inquirer.
  113. News: NPA may be behind Negros Occidental attack — PNP . October 22, 2018 . . October 22, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181022153255/http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2018/10/22/pnp-negros-occidental-npa.html . dead .
  114. News: Lorenzana hits Bayan Muna chair Colmenares for linking military to Sagay massacre . October 23, 2018 . GMA News.
  115. Web site: Palace condemns killing of 9 Negros sugar workers . . October 22, 2018 . October 22, 2018.
  116. News: TV Patrol: Ika-32 anibersaryo ng Mendiola massacre ginunita . January 23, 2019 . ABS-CBN News. YouTube. tl.
  117. News5PH . 1352449337532403713 . January 22, 2021 . Ilang larawan sa protesta ng ilang grupo sa Mendiola ngayong anibersaryo ng Mendiola Massacre. Ang sigaw nila, hustisya at karapatan sa sariling lupa.. January 22, 2021 .
  118. News: Kin of activist who died in jail of COVID-19 sues cops, officials . 12 July 2021 . Rappler.
  119. News: Groups press gov't to free activists after farmer leader's death in jail . 12 July 2021 . BusinessWorld.
  120. News: Killing of Philippines Peace Consultant Sparks Scrutiny of Government Investigations . 12 July 2021 . The Diplomat.
  121. Web site: 2020-08-21. Randy Echanis autopsy shows torture signs, doctor says. 2021-07-15. CNN. en. July 15, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210715025553/https://cnnphilippines.com/news/2020/8/21/Randy-Echanis-autopsy-shows-torture-signs--doctor-says.html. dead.
  122. News: Human rights leader killed in Philippine 'war against dissent' . 12 July 2021 . Al Jazeera.
  123. News: Makabayan lawmakers hit 'desecration' of Jevilyn Cullamat's remains . 12 July 2021 . Rappler.
  124. News: Leaders lost: The 9 activists killed by Duterte gov't on 'Bloody Sunday' . 12 July 2021 . Rappler.
  125. News: House Bill (HB) 8858 . January 26, 2019 . January 26, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190126221032/http://www.congress.gov.ph/legisdocs/first_17/CR01071.pdf . dead .
  126. News: House changes proposed minimum criminal liability age from 9 to 12 years old . Rappler.
  127. News: UNICEF, Save the Children oppose lowering age of criminal responsibility . GMA News.
  128. News: Philippine artists' group opposes lowering of age of criminal responsibility . Rappler.
  129. News: PH artists, celebrities react to bill that lowers age of criminal liability . Rappler.
  130. News: Celebrities react to bill on lowering age of criminal liability. The Philippine Star.
  131. News: Children in conflict with the law: Cracks in Juvenile Justice Act . . Duterte, echoed by his allies in the House of Representatives, wants to lower the minimum age of criminal liability from 15 years old down to 9. He believes it should be done because syndicates are using more children to commit crimes..
  132. News: Congressmen want 9-year-old kids charged for crimes . Rappler.
  133. News: Talabong . Rambo . Crew of sunken Philippine boat now home . . 15 June 2019 . 16 June 2019.
  134. News: Duterte mum on West PH Sea 'collision' . ABS-CBN News . President Rodrigo Duterte made no comment Thursday on the "collision" of a Chinese ship and Filipino fishing boat in the West Philippine Sea..
  135. News: 'Banggaan lang ng mga barko 'yan': Duterte breaks silence on Reed Bank incident . ABS-CBN News . "You do not send gray ships (Philippine Navy) there. Banggaan lang ng barko 'yan. Do not make it worse because that is a fertile ground for... Alam ninyong mga sundalo, miscommunication 'yan. Patay na. And we are not yet as ready, and we can never be ready in nuclear war, because in nuclear war, kung bitawan lahat 'yan, earth will dry up and we will all be destroyed," he said..
  136. News: Gagalac, Ron . Akbayan balak maghain ng impeachment complaint vs Duterte TV Patrol . July 10, 2019 . ABS-CBN News. YouTube.
  137. News: Fisherfolk group to file impeachment complaint vs Duterte . July 7, 2019 . Rappler.
  138. News: Filipino fisherman feels betrayed after Duterte says West PH Sea jetski remark only a 'joke' . 13 May 2021 . ABS-CBN News.
  139. News: 'Nagsinungaling naman': Mga mangingisda dismayado sa jetski 'joke' ni Duterte . 13 May 2021 . ABS-CBN News.
  140. News: #DuterteDuwag? He has nothing to prove, says Palace. 13 May 2021 . ABS-CBN News.
  141. News: Duterte impeachable for WPS statements, but case won't prosper – Carpio . 13 May 2021 . Philippine Daily Inquirer.
  142. News: Carpio on WPS debate with Duterte: 'I'm sad he withdrew, but that's his privilege' . 13 May 2021 . Philippine Daily Inquirer.
  143. News: Pacquiao: Duterte's stance vs China waned after 2016 elections . 13 May 2021 . ABS-CBN News . “Yung statemant niya bago siya tumakbo na mag-jetski, ipaglaban niya ang West Philippine sea, na magdala siya ng flag na itayo niya doon, yun ay nagbgay ng encouragement sa ating kababayan. Lumakas ang loob natin. Sabi ko, ito yung gusto ko tapos pagdating ng panahon nag-buckle buckle tayo," the senator said. .
  144. News: Sanchez's release hangs . Arcilla . Jan . The Manila Times. 23 August 2019.
  145. News: DOJ, BuCor: Sanchez ineligible for release . August 26, 2019 . Philippine Daily Inquirer.
  146. News: Panelo denies hand in looming release of rapist-killer Sanchez . August 22, 2019 . The Manila Times.
  147. News: Don't free Sanchez — Duterte . Kabiling . Genalyn . Quismorio . Ellson . Manila Bulletin . 26 August 2019 .
  148. News: Santos . Jamil . Convicted former Calauan, Laguna Mayor Antonio Sanchez passes away . GMA News Online . 27 March 2021.
  149. Web site: Tomacruz. Sofia. 7 September 2020. Duterte grants 'absolute pardon' to US soldier Pemberton. 7 September 2020. Rappler.
  150. Web site: After calling Pemberton release 'unjust,' Roque justifies Duterte pardon. Rappler. September 7, 2020 .
  151. News: Philippine court upholds guilty verdict on U.S. Marine in.... Reuters. April 10, 2017. www.reuters.com.
  152. News: MERUEÑAS. MARK. Pemberton runs to De Lima, seeks dismissal of murder case. 23 February 2015. GMA News. GMA News. December 22, 2014.
  153. Web site: Laude family condemns pardon granted to Pemberton. . September 7, 2020.
  154. Web site: Philippines' Duterte pardons U.S. Marine convicted of murdering transgender woman. Regine. Cabato. www.washingtonpost.com.
  155. Web site: 'An affront to the Filipino people': Opposition senators slam Pemberton pardon. Rappler. September 7, 2020 .
  156. Web site: Showbiz figures join critics in denouncing absolute pardon of Pemberton. Gabriel Pabico. Lalu. September 8, 2020. INQUIRER.net.
  157. Web site:
    1. JusticeForJenniferLaude: Filipinos decry pardon for US soldier Pemberton
    . Rappler. September 7, 2020 .
  158. News: September 12, 2020 . 24 Oras Livestream: September 11, 2020 Replay (Full Episode) . GMA News. YouTube . September 11, 2020. Note: Go to 8:27-9:27 for the story.
  159. News: Philippines confirms first case of new coronavirus . 30 January 2020 . ABS-CBN News . 30 January 2020.
  160. News: Protests . News5.
  161. News: Kasalukuyang nagsasagawa ng protesta ang iba't ibang grupo sa harap ng Philippine General Hospital (PGH) para kondinahin ang kawalan ng malinaw na plano sa proteksyon ng mamamayan at matamlay na kilos ng gobyerno upang pigilan ang paglanap ng Novel Coronavirus (nCov). . February 5, 2020 . Anakbayan . Facebook.
  162. Web site: NBI asks Vico Sotto to explain 'violation' of quarantine policy. cnn. en. April 1, 2020. April 1, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200401150553/https://cnnphilippines.com/news/2020/4/1/nbi-vico-sotto-luzon-quarantine.html. dead.
  163. Web site: NBI summons Vico Sotto for 'violating' Bayanihan Law. Rappler. April 2020 . en. April 7, 2020.
  164. Web site:
    1. ProtectVico trends worldwide after NBI summons Pasig Mayor Vico Sotto
    . Isinika. Alois. Rappler. April 2020 . en. April 1, 2020.
  165. News: PANOORIN: Paghingi ng ayuda sa EDSA nauwi sa pag-aresto TV Patrol . ABS-CBN News . May 1, 2020 .
  166. News: Duterte's 'kill' order during COVID-19 crisis fuels worldwide 'oust' trend . InterAksyon . April 30, 2020 .
  167. News: 'Shoot them dead': Duterte says won't tolerate lockdown violators . InterAksyon . April 30, 2020 .
  168. Web site: Cops shoot army vet dead; kin say he was unarmed, had mental issues. Bajo. Anna Felicia. April 22, 2020. GMA News Online. en-US. 2020-04-23.
  169. News: LOOK: Birthday salu-salo for NCRPO chief Sinas amid ECQ . Rappler . May 14, 2020 .
  170. News: Birthday celebration for NCRPO's Sinas not a 'party' but uncalled for, says Año . Philippine Daily Inquirer . May 17, 2020 .
  171. News5PH. 1349256617435402243 . January 13, 2021 . Nagsagawa ng protesta ang ilang mga kabataan, estudyante mula sa iba't ibang unibersidad at organisasyon, at iba pang progresibong grupo sa labas ng House of Representatives para tutulan ang Charter Change.. January 14, 2021.
  172. News: On World Press Freedom Day, groups wary of shrinking space for fundamental freedoms. May 3, 2020. The Philippine Star. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200504222941/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2020/05/03/2011537/world-press-freedom-day-groups-wary-shrinking-space-fundamental-freedoms. May 4, 2020. May 9, 2020.
  173. News: May 5, 2020.
    1. NoToABSCBNShutDown tops local Twitter list after NTC issues halt order
    . ABS-CBN News. May 6, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200505232643/https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/05/05/20/notoabscbnshutdown-tops-local-twitter-list-after-ntc-issues-halt-order. May 5, 2020. live.
  174. News: May 5, 2020. Philippines' top broadcaster ordered off air. en-GB. BBC News. May 7, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200507054333/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-52548703. May 7, 2020. live.
  175. News: Aurelio, Julie M.. Inquirer Research. December 4, 2019. I'll see to it that you're out, President tells ABS-CBN. Philippine Daily Inquirer. January 25, 2020. "Your franchise will end next year. If you are expecting that it will be renewed, I'm sorry. You're out. I will see to it that you're out," he said, addressing ABS-CBN.. https://web.archive.org/web/20191220100347/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1197788/ill-see-to-it-that-youre-out-president-tells-abs-cbn. December 20, 2019. live.
  176. News: Ramos . Christia Marie . Calida warns NTC vs granting provisional authority to ABS-CBN . Philippine Daily Inquirer . 3 May 2020 . en.
  177. News: Calida pressed NTC to issue cease and desist order vs ABS-CBN, document shows . ABS-CBN News . May 6, 2020.
  178. News: BREAKING: NTC orders ABS-CBN to stop broadcast operations. Mercado. Neil Arwin. May 5, 2020. Philippine Daily Inquirer. en. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200506221228/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1270074/ntc-issues-cease-and-desist-order-vs-abs-cbn. May 6, 2020. May 5, 2020.
  179. News: May 6, 2020. ABS-CBN's heart-rending last moments before shutting down. Philippine Daily Inquirer. May 5, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200506133236/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1270280/abs-cbns-last-moments-before-shutting-down/amp. May 6, 2020. live.
  180. News: May 6, 2020. Philippines largest TV network ABS-CBN ordered shut. Al Jazeera. May 5, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200506104546/https://www.aljazeera.com/amp/news/2020/05/philippines-largest-tv-network-abs-cbn-ordered-shut-200505084440098.html. May 6, 2020. live.
  181. News: House to begin hearings on ABS-CBN franchise next week . CNN Philippines . May 20, 2020 . August 2, 2020 . May 29, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200529040105/https://cnnphilippines.com/news/2020/5/20/House-hearings-ABS-CBN-fresh-25-year-franchise-May-26.html . dead .
  182. Web site: Calida to ABS-CBN: 'The end is near'. Christian . V. Esguerra . ABS-CBNNews. June 1, 2020.
  183. News: Nakpil . Danielle . NTC stops broadcasts of Sky Direct, ABS-CBN's TV Plus channels in Metro Manila . 17 July 2020 . CNN Philippines . 30 June 2020 . en.
  184. News: READ: ABS-CBN Corp statement on the NTC order vs TV Plus channels . June 30, 2020 . . June 30, 2020.
  185. News: READ: Sky Cable Corp statement on NTC's cease and desist order . June 30, 2020 . . June 30, 2020.
  186. News: House panel junks ABS-CBN's bid for a 25-year franchise . https://web.archive.org/web/20200710111416/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1108604. July 10, 2020. . July 20, 2020 .
  187. News: READ: Statement of Solicitor-General Jose Calida on the denial of the renewal of ABS-CBN's franchise . ABS-CBN News . 11 July 2020.
  188. News: ABS-CBN employees in Davao City gather in prayer, journalists hold noise barrage . Philippine Daily Inquirer . July 20, 2020 .
  189. News: October 2, 2020 . Stars and supporters protest ABS-CBN shutdown . Rappler. http://www.freezepage.com/1601618693WMDFHMSDRS?url=https://www.rappler.com/entertainment/celebrities/stars-and-supporters-protest-abs-cbn-franchise-rejection. October 2, 2020 .
  190. News: 'Draconian' anti-terror bill, feared to be used vs gov't critics, hurdles Congress . Rappler . June 4, 2020 .
  191. News: Lower House passes Anti-Terror Act on 3rd reading . Manila Bulletin . June 4, 2020 .
  192. News: Anti-terror bill OK'd in PH House . Asian Journal . https://web.archive.org/web/20200604105357/https://www.asianjournal.com/philippines/across-the-islands/anti-terror-bill-okd-in-ph-house/ . June 4, 2020. June 4, 2020 .
  193. News: Catholic, Protestant leaders condemn anti-terror bill . Rappler. June 4, 2020 .
  194. News: Mindanao lawmakers: Anti-terror bill will further incite violence, not end terrorism . . June 4, 2020 .
  195. News: CHR brands anti-terror bill 'highly intrusive,' open to abuse . Rappler . June 4, 2020 .
  196. News: Kontrobersiyal na 'anti-terror bill' ipinasa ng Kamara TV Patrol . ABS-CBN News . June 5, 2020 . (0:13-) Tingin nila, gagamitin na ng gobyerno para gipitin, damputin, at patahimikin ang mga kritiko ng Duterte administration.
  197. News: Replay: TV Patrol livestream June 4, 2020 Full Episode . ABS-CBN News. YouTube . June 8, 2020 . Note: Skip to 49:52-52:14. "Giit nila madaling targetin ng batas ang mga ordinaryong mamamayan na maari nang mabansagang 'terorista'; makulong ng hanggang 14 na araw at maaresto ng walang warrant."
  198. News: 'Speak Now': Taylor Swift lends platform to movements in US, Philippines, Hong Kong . Rappler . June 4, 2020 .
  199. News: Taylor Swift lends voice to No. JunkTerrorBill cause in PH. ABS-CBN News . June 4, 2020 .
  200. Web site: Herer . James . July 23, 2020 . Greta Thunberg Joins the Petition Against the "Anti-Terrorism Law" in the Philippines #JunkTerrorLaw . https://web.archive.org/web/20200724115645/https://www.weblyf.com/2020/07/greta-thunberg-joins-the-petition-against-the-anti-terrorism-law-in-the-philippines-junkterrorlaw/ . July 24, 2020 . Weblyf.
  201. Web site: Torres. Jose. May 8, 2019. Religious, rights groups fight 'red tagging' in Philippines. December 6, 2020. UCA News.
  202. Web site: VERA FILES FACT SHEET: Why 'red-tagging' is dangerous. Vera Files. October 11, 2018 .
  203. Web site: Pumaoy. Rey. June 4, 2020. Angel tinawag na terorista. June 4, 2020. Abante. en-US.
  204. News: Sadongdong . Martin. Did an NTF-ELCAC exec just 'red-tag' Liza Soberano?. Manila Bulletin . 2020-10-22 . 2020-10-22.
  205. News: . Liza Soberano's camp denounces red-tagging: 'She remains apolitical'. Rappler . 2020-10-22 . 2020-10-22.
  206. News: Ku . Russel . Gabriela hits Parlade for red-tagging Soberano: 'Why be afraid of women defending other women?'. Rappler . 2020-10-22 . 2020-10-22.
  207. News: Gotinga . JC . Senators defend Liza Soberano, Catriona Gray vs general's 'red-tagging'. Rappler . 2020-10-22 . 2020-10-22.
  208. News: November 17, 2020 . #NasaanAngPangulo trends on Twitter as Duterte skips super typhoon briefing . Philippine Daily Inquirer .
  209. News: November 17, 2020 . Palace tells critics to dump #NasaanAngPangulo . The Philippine Star .
  210. Web site: Filipino students threaten to strike amid disaster fallout - UCA News. 2020-11-18. ucanews.com. en.
  211. Mga kuha mula sa protesta ng ilang mga grupo sa harap ng Ateneo de Manila University kaninang hapon para manawagan ng accountability mula sa administrasyon ni Pres. Duterte dahil sa naging pagtugon nito sa mga nagdaang kalamidad. . News5PH . 1329757890157002752 . November 20, 2020 . November 25, 2020 .
  212. News: December 9, 2020 . 'NasaanAngPangulo' trends on Twitter anew . Politiko . November 12, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201112043057/https://politics.com.ph/nasaanangpangulo-trends-on-twitter-anew/ . dead .
  213. News: December 21, 2020 . #NasaanAngBisePresidente? Robredo responds, gives updates on Mindanao floods . . December 20, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201220045355/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2020/12/19/Robredo-responds-nasaan-ang-bise-presidente-.html . dead .
  214. News: December 21, 2020 . 'Fake VP?': Robredo says NasaanAngBisePresidente trend acknowledges position as VP. The Philippine Star .
  215. News: #NasaanAngPangulo trends after Duterte cancels address twice . 10 April 2021 . Philippine Daily Inquirer.
  216. News: No Duterte 'Talk to the People' this Wednesday – Palace . 10 April 2021 . Philippine Daily Inquirer.
  217. Web site: October 25, 2015 . 1989 . 1989 agreement of UP and DND on military and police operations in the UP system . January 20, 2021 . The Philippine Collegian.
  218. News: Bajo . Anna Felicia . January 19, 2021 . BACKGROUNDER: How the DND-UP agreement came about in 1989 . GMA News . January 20, 2021.
  219. News: Punay . Edu . June 29, 2005 . Continente free, denies killing Rowe . The Philippine Star . January 20, 2021.
  220. News: #DefendUP: Pagkalas ng DND sa UP accord, inalmahan TV Patrol . 19 January 2021 . ABS-CBN News. YouTube.
  221. News: #DefendUP: Pagkalas ng DND sa UP accord, inalmahan . 19 January 2021 . ABS-CBN News.
  222. TV Patrol: Ilang guro at estudyante, nagprotesta sa unang araw ng pasukan. ABS-CBN News. tl. YouTube.
  223. TV Patrol: Kawalan ng pangmatagalang solusyon sa problema sa bigas, iprinotesta . ABS-CBN News.
  224. News: 'Dami nang naghikahos': Grupo iginiit na 'huli na' ang pagpapatigil ng rice importation TV Patrol . November 21, 2019. tl. ABS-CBN News. YouTube.
  225. Web site: REPUBLIC ACT No. 10931 . The LAWPHiL Project . https://web.archive.org/web/20180902012054/https://www.lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra2017/ra_10931_2017.html . September 2, 2018.
  226. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q_vh3-df4Z0 "TV Patrol: Ilang state university, college, tinatanong kung bakit naniningil"
  227. News: TV Patrol: Ilang kolehiyo, unibersidad humirit na ng tuition hike: CHED . ABS-CBN News. Tagalog. YouTube.
  228. gmanewsbreaking . 1312874481346469889 . October 5, 2020 . LOOK: Mga miyembro ng Alliance of Concerned Teachers o ACT, nagdaos ng sunrise protest sa Mendiola sa Maynila ngayong Lunes, kasabay ng pagbubukas ng klase at World Teachers' Day. . October 5, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201005035109/https://twitter.com/gmanewsbreaking/status/1312874481346469889. October 5, 2020. LOOK: Members of the Alliance of Concerned Teachers or ACT, held a sunrise protest in Mendiola in Manila this Monday, in conjunction with the opening of the class and World Teachers' Day..
  229. News: October 7, 2020 . 24 Oras Express: October 5, 2020 [HD] ]. GMA News . Note: From 3:59 to 4:39
  230. Web site: Esmaquel II. Paterno R.. November 13, 2016. 3 unresolved issues, 3 years after Yolanda. 2021-07-01. Rappler. en.
  231. News: The World Tonight: Tacloban still reeling 5 years after 'Yolanda' . November 9, 2018 . ABS-CBN News – via YouTube. Note: Pause at 0:56 for Duterte's caricature.
  232. News: Aquino under pressure over typhoon aid, U.S. carrier to arrive . . November 14, 2013.
  233. News: Members of Kabataan party-list hold a rally in front of the National Housing Authority to demand for efficient and accessible water supply.. The Philippine Star. Facebook. At 0:01-0:07 "Pati tubig ngayon ipinagkakait ng gobyerno ni Duterte, kaya naman sabay-sabay tayo sa ating mga panawagan, serbisyo sa tao… huwag gawing negosyo"
  234. News: MWSS kinalampag dahil sa serye ng water interruption ng Maynilad, Manila Water TV Patrol . ABS-CBN News. YouTube.
  235. News: Duterte may babala sa Manila Water, Maynilad . ABS-CBN News.
  236. News: Pagdami ng Chinese workers, isa sa isyu sa Bonifacio Day . ABS-CBN News. YouTube.
  237. News: Activists mark 'Day of Valor' with anti-China protests ANC . ABS-CBN News. YouTube.
  238. News: Banners welcome visitors to 'Philippines, province of China'. The Philippine Star.
  239. News: Duterte jokes about 'Philippines, province of China' . The Philippine Star.
  240. News: PH a province of China? 'Not now, not ever,' envoy says . Rappler.
  241. News: Chinese envoy: PH will never be a part of China . . November 30, 2018 . November 26, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181126051011/http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2018/07/17/Philippines-Province-of-China-banner.html . dead .
  242. News: 'Enemies of gov't' behind 'Philippines, Province of China' banners? Police investigate . . November 30, 2018 . December 1, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181201005028/http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2018/07/12/Philippines-Province-of-China-banners-Metro-Manila.html . dead .
  243. (from 0:06) Protesters: Mr. Xi Jinping, Zǒu kāi. / Reporter:...Mandarin ang "Zǒu kāi" (走開), ibig sabihin, "lumayas ka".
    (from 0:26) Neri Colmenares: Kino-consumate ng ... ang pagbenta ng ating soberanya. Yan talaga [ang] essential ng pagdalaw [ni Xi] dito. / Reporter: Giit ng mga rallyista, di dapat ipagbunyi ang pagdating ni Xi dahil pinapakita ni Pangulong Duterte ang napakalaking pagta-traidor umano niya sa bansa; naglalakihang pautang kapalit ng pagsuko sa West Philippine Sea.
    Web site: TV Patrol: Pagdating ni Xi Jinping sinalubong ng protesta. ABS-CBN News – via YouTube.
  244. News: Obama cancels meeting with 'colorful' Philippine president, who now expresses regret…. The Washington Post. September 5, 2016.
  245. News: After cursing Obama, Duterte expresses regret…. CNN. September 5, 2016.
  246. See the following citations:
  247. (from 0:24) Damay din ang pati watawat ng Amerika, dahil imperyalista rin daw sila.
    Bandila: Ilang estudyante, nagsunog ng watawat ng China sa pagtatapos ng bisita ni Xi Jinping
  248. Web site: Militants protest Trump visit. Manila Bulletin News. en-US. 2019-01-13. March 29, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190329172600/https://news.mb.com.ph/2017/11/13/militants-protest-trump-visit/. dead.
  249. News: Motorists told: Avoid Asean dry run routes . https://web.archive.org/web/20171009084110/http://globalnation.inquirer.net/160721/philippine-news-updates-global-nation-association-of-southeast-asian-nations . dead . 2017-10-09 . Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original.
  250. Web site: Rey. Aika. November 10, 2017. U.S. to fund PH war on drugs anew – rights group. Rappler.
  251. Web site: Chandran. Nyshka. 2017-11-14. The US-Philippine relationship is central to two of Asia's thorniest issues. 2021-07-01. CNBC. en.
  252. Web site: Duterte reaffirms EDCA, U.S. ties in meeting with Trump. Fonbuena. Carmela. Rappler. November 14, 2017 . en. 2019-01-13.
  253. News: Duterte, two-faced puppet amid US, China sweepstakes — LFS . LFS.
  254. News: U.S. kills top Iranian commander Qasem Soleimani . Lawler . Dave . 2 January 2020 . . 3 January 2020.
  255. News: Qasem Soleimani: US kills Iran Quds force leader, Pentagon confirms . BBC News . January 3, 2020 . British Broadcasting Corporation . 3 January 2020.
  256. News: Tensiyon sumiklab sa pagitan nina Sec. Locsin, mga nagpoprotesta sa DFA - TV Patrol . ABS-CBN News on YouTube.
  257. News: Violence marks ASEAN 2017 protests in Manila. Rappler. https://web.archive.org/web/20171115075823/https://www.rappler.com/move-ph/188511-violence-protests-asean-summit-2017-philippines. November 15, 2017. dead.
  258. https://web.archive.org/web/20171110151600/https://www.rappler.com/move-ph/187955-schedule-protest-activities-asean-summit-2017 "Schedule: Protest activities during ASEAN Summit 2017"
  259. News: 'Not welcome in PH': Filipino activists set fire to Trump effigy. Rappler.
  260. News: Why groups are protesting Trump's PH visit.
  261. News: Talabong. Rambo. Philippine Coast Guard to arrest ASEAN Summit protesters at Manila Bay. January 11, 2018. Rappler. November 10, 2017.
  262. News: Small group of ASEAN summit protesters reach PICC gate. Rappler.
  263. https://www.rappler.com/move-ph/187979-asean-budget-basic-social-services-poor-kadamay "'P15-B ASEAN summit budget should have gone to the poor' – Kadamay"
  264. http://www.philstar.com/nation/2017/11/10/1757558/activists-picket-us-embassy-ahead-trump-visit "Activists picket US Embassy ahead of Trump visit"
  265. https://web.archive.org/web/20171115233727/http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2017/11/13/protest-donald-trump-asean.html Militant groups clash with police in anti-Trump rally"
  266. News: In Photos: At least 2,000 attend protests on day one of ASEAN Summit. Rappler.
  267. News: Anti-riot cops block protesters. Tempo.
  268. News: Update: Anti-Trump protesters, cops clash; militants claim 20 injured. The Manila Times.
  269. News: Trump arrives in PH for ASEAN Summit. Rappler.
  270. http://news.mb.com.ph/2016/11/08/sc-allows-marcos-burial-at-the-libingan-ng-mga-bayani/ "SC ‘allows Marcos burial at the Libingan ng mga Bayani’
  271. http://www.rappler.com/nation/152813-ferdinand-marcos-heroes-burial "Marcos to be buried at Heroes' Cemetery today"
  272. Web site: "VP, senators disappointed and sad as Supreme Court allows burial in hero's cemetery for Marcos". CNN Philippines. . July 3, 2017 . July 31, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170731030705/http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2016/11/08/vp-senators-disappointed-supreme-court-decision-marcos-burial.html . dead .
  273. http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/589352/news/nation/drilon-on-marcos-burial-a-thief-even-in-death "Drilon on Marcos burial: A thief even in death". GMA News.
  274. News: Uy . Jocelyn . 2016-02-14 . CBCP: We can work with administration . Philippine Daily Inquirer .
  275. News: Philippine Church in 'show of force' against drug killings. GMA News.
  276. News: Jalea. Mary Gleefer. EDSA prayer rally held vs extrajudicial killings. January 12, 2018. The Manila Times. November 5, 2017.
  277. News: 'Lord Heal Our Land' an expression of frustration, not destabilization — organizers. GMA News.
  278. http://news.abs-cbn.com/video/news/02/24/18/thousands-join-walk-for-life-vs-death-penalty-summary-killings "Thousands join 'Walk for Life' vs death penalty, summary killings"
  279. News: It's red, blue, white for 32nd anniversary of Edsa People Power. Philippine Daily Inquirer.
  280. News: Duterte to skip Edsa People Power anniversary rites anew. SunStar.
  281. News: In Photos: Protesters mark 32nd anniversary of People Power. Rappler.
  282. News: 'Today's people power is vote power' . The Philippine Star. It (Duterte administration) has denied that the fake charges filed against me were in retaliation for my opposition to Duterte's bloody drug war. It has denied that the unconstitutional ouster of chief justice Maria Lourdes Sereno was Duterte's handiwork. It has denied that the revocation of Sen. Sonny Trillanes’ amnesty and the revival of his criminal cases are politically motivated. It has denied that Sister Patricia Fox was deported in order to stop her active involvement in human rights work in the Philippines,” added the senator..
  283. News: LOOK: Supporters of opposition flock to Edsa to remember People Power. Philippine Daily Inquirer.
  284. News: Aquino attends EDSA rally; breaks silence on measles outbreak . ABS-CBN News. YouTube. Note: Go to 0:32–0:37 for Duterte in the projector.
  285. News: Don't be fooled twice, ex-President Aquino warns Filipinos . Philippine Daily Inquirer.
  286. 1231115896489299969. dzbb. LOOK: Mga anti-Duterte group, nagtipon-tipon ngayon sa People Power Monument sa Quezon City. via @luisitosantos03. February 22, 2020. January 7, 2021.
  287. News: LOOK: Artists flash 'Duterte wanted' poster on Camp Crame . February 26, 2020 . Rappler.
  288. News5AKSYON . 1232512570759819268 . February 26, 2020 . Kinondena ng PNP ang digital vandalism na ginawa sa pader ng Camp Crame sa Quezon City bilang protesta sa administrasyon. Isang national historical site ang lugar at naging saksi sa EDSA People Power Revolution, kaya mas "nakalulungkot" daw ang pag-vandal dito.. The PNP condemned the digital vandalism that took place on the wall of Camp Crame in Quezon City in protest of the administration. The area is a national historical site and has been a witness to the EDSA People Power Revolution, making the vandalism even more "sad". .
  289. News: Ilang beterano ng EDSA People Power, ginunita ang anibersaryo nito sa Makati News Patrol . ABS-CBN News on YouTube.
  290. News: Mga dadalo sa People Power Revolution Commemoration, mas kaunti bunsod ng COVID-19 . ABS-CBN News on YouTube.
  291. Web site: Philippines commemorates 35th anniversary of 1986 EDSA People Power 24 Oras . GMA News. YouTube . 27 February 2021.
  292. News: TV Patrol: Mga protesta sa Labor Day, sumentro sa panawagang wakasan ang 'endo'. ABS-CBN News. tl. YouTube.
  293. News: Duterte signs EO protecting workers' right to security of tenure. Manila Bulletin. 2018-05-01. https://web.archive.org/web/20180501072103/https://news.mb.com.ph/2018/05/01/duterte-signs-eo-protecting-workers-right-to-security-of-tenure/. 2018-05-01. bot: unknown. from the original.
  294. News: 'Walang silbi': Labor groups reject Duterte's EO vs endo. Rappler.
  295. News: Labor groups dismayed by signed 'employer-backed' EO vs endo. Rappler.
  296. News: Duterte's EO vs 'endo' draws mixed reactions. The Philippine Star.
  297. News: Labor Day protest ikinakasa ng mga grupo . ABS-CBN News. YouTube.
  298. News: Aksyon Primetime May 1, 2019 . News5. YouTube. Note: Skip at 17:39 for protests and 30:15 for the 2019 senatorial candidates. (30:21) "Ang labor leader na si Leody de Guzman, binatikos ang mga batas na pinasa ng mga nagdaang Senador tungkol sa sahod ng mga manggagawa."
  299. News: 8,000 workers gather for Labor Day rallies . May 1, 2019 . ABS-CBN News.
  300. Web site: Labor day protest go online amid lockdown . CNN Philippines . YouTube . 19 May 2021.
  301. News: Ilang militanteng grupo, nag-organisa rin ng community pantries . 19 May 2021 . News5Everywhere . YouTube.
  302. News: Mga grupong nagprotesta para sa Labor Day, hinarang ng pulisya sa Maynila TV Patrol . YouTube . 3 May 2021 . ABS-CBN News.
  303. News: Duterte heckled as he leads Independence Day rites in Cavite . June 12, 2018 . . June 12, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180612142311/http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2018/06/12/Duterte-Independence-Day-2018-Cavite.html . dead .
  304. News: Protesters disrupt Duterte's Independence Day speech in Cavite . June 12, 2018 . Philippine Daily Inquirer.
  305. News: Duterte heckled during Independence Day 2018 rites . June 12, 2018 . Rappler.
  306. ABSCBNNews . 1006437273628360705 . June 12, 2018 . Bayan Southern Tagalog member Francis Rafael was arrested for "interrupting public order" while Pres Duterte delivered his speech during the 120th Independence Day Celebration at Aguinaldo Shrine in Kawit, Cavite when he shouted "Huwad na Kalayaan!" .
  307. News: Thousands join national protest to remind Filipinos of Marcos' Martial Law. Rappler.
  308. https://www.rappler.com/move-ph/182923-in-photos-nationwide-protests-45th-anniversary-martial-law "In Photos: From Luzon to Mindanao, a day of protest vs return of martial law"
  309. News: Palace issues proclamation on National Day of Protest. Manila Bulletin. September 20, 2017. September 20, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170920061627/http://news.mb.com.ph/2017/09/20/palace-issues-proclamation-on-national-day-of-protest/. dead.
  310. News: Only gov't work, classes in public schools are suspended on Sept. 21. Manila Bulletin. September 20, 2017. September 20, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170920101345/http://news.mb.com.ph/2017/09/20/only-govt-work-classes-in-public-schools-are-suspended-on-sept-21/. dead.
  311. News: Duterte officially declares September 21 as 'National Day of Protest'. SunStar Philippines.
  312. News: Sept. 21 National Day of Protest—Duterte. The Standard. November 17, 2017. November 17, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171117122820/http://thestandard.com.ph/news/top-stories/247312/sept-21-national-day-of-protest-duterte.html. dead.
  313. News: Watch National Day of Protest: Activists warn against emergence of dictatorship. News5.
  314. News: Update: PH holds 'National Day of Protest'. The Manila Times.
  315. News: Pro-Duterte, anti-Martial Law groups engage in chant battle on Mendiola. Rappler.
  316. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a5CcrDBOGWY "BT: Mga tagasuporta ni Pres. Duterte, may kilos-protesta rin"
  317. News: Filipino Version of Iconic 'Les Miserables' Song Becomes National Day of Protest Anthem . Philippine Daily Inquirer.
  318. News: Schedule: 46th Martial Law anniversary protests, activities . September 21, 2018 . Rappler.
  319. News: SONA: Paggunita sa ika-46 anibersaryo ng martial law, idinaan ng mga militanteng grupo sa protesta . September 24, 2018. GMA News. YouTube. tl.
  320. News: LIST: 47th Martial Law anniversary protests, activities . Rappler.
  321. News: Cariño, Jorge . Libo-libo nagmartsa para sa paggunita ng ika-47 anibersaryo ng martial law TV Patrol . ABS-CBN News . YouTube.
  322. News: Never Again: Ika-48 anibersaryo ng Martial Law sinabayan ng protesta TV Patrol . 9 July 2021. Bigornia, Doris . YouTube. ABS-CBN News . September 21, 2020.
  323. News: WATCH: MGA RALIYISTA, PULIS NAGKAGIRIAN SA MARTIAL LAW ANNIVERSARY JAN ESCOSIO . 23 September 2021 . INQUIRER.net.
  324. News: Police block protesters during Martial Law anniversary demonstration . 23 September 2021 . Rappler.
  325. News:
    1. OccupyBulacan - Urban poor group vows to continue barricade in gov't housing projects|url=http://bulatlat.com/main/2017/03/14/occupybulacan-urban-poor-group-vows-continue-barricade-govt-housing-projects/
    .
  326. News: Urban poor group continues to occupy Bulacan housing projects. UNTV. Yahoo! News. Kadamay said this is to protest against the failure of the Duterte administration and the housing and urban development coordinating council to provide decent shelters for the poor.. January 15, 2019. April 7, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170407234310/https://sg.news.yahoo.com/urban-poor-group-continues-occupy-014848587.html. dead.
  327. News: 1,000 Kadamay members want rights in Pandi . . January 15, 2019 . April 7, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170407233320/http://www.thestandard.com.ph/news/national/232676/1-000-kadamay-members-want-rights-in-pandi.html . dead .
  328. News: Bandila: Protesta ng Kadamay sa NHA, naging marahas. ABS-CBN News. September 27, 2020. YouTube. Note: Go to 0:57.
  329. News: Duterte lets Kadamay have Bulacan homes . ABS-CBN News .
  330. News: Kadamay, nag-rally sa ombudsman bago ang Labor day . . January 15, 2019 . January 15, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190115181917/http://news.tv5.com.ph/aksyonsaumaga/watch/Rz0Xz_UXJxk/kadamay,%20nag-rally%20sa%20ombudsman%20bago%20ang%20labor%20day . dead .
  331. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DPVaRpXLblo "Bandila: Martial law sa Mindanao, sinalubong ng protesta sa Mendiola"
  332. (At 0:01-0:22) "Kinalampag ng iba't ibang grupo mula Mindanao ang Gate 2 ng Camp Aguinaldo para kondenahin ang pagdeklara ni Pangulo Rodrigo Duterte ng martial law sa Mindanao... maipahayag lang ang kanilang saloobin, lalo na sa pagkamatay ng mga inosenteng sibilyan dahil sa bakbakan." – "TV Patrol: Martial law, ipinrotesta ng ilang grupo"
  333. (0:03-) "Bahagyang naantala ang sesyon kaugnay sa extension ng martial law. Nang makapasok ang walong militante sa plenaryo, agad silang dinakip at dinala sa Camp Karingal. Maliban naman sa haba ng martial law declaration, tinanong din ng mga mambabatas kung wala anumang nangyari paglabag sa karapatang pantao." / Chito Gascon: "We have been receiving some reports that we are now validating from the victims in the evacuation areas... / "Bagay na agad sinagot ni AFP Chief Eduardo Ano." / Eduardo Ano: ...we are very sensitive on the sentiments and feelings of the people of Mindanao particularly Marawi." – "TV Patrol: Sesyon sa martial law extension, binulabog ng protesta"
  334. News: Viray. Patricia Lourdes. Congress approves one-year martial law extension in Mindanao. January 3, 2019. January 11, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180111100713/http://beta.philstar.com/headlines/2017/12/13/1768028/congress-approves-one-year-martial-law-extension-mindanao. dead.
  335. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gv-fVpXgdd0 "Bandila: Pagpapalawig ng batas militar sa Mindanao, inulan ng protesta"
  336. News: Congress extends martial law in Mindanao to end of 2019 . December 13, 2018 . The Philippine Star.
  337. "Bagamat inaasahan na nila kung papaano boboto ang mga Kongresista, di pa rin makapaniwala ang mga Lumad, magsasaka at manggagawa na pumunta pa sa Maynila para tutukan ang botohan. Matapos na ma-shock sa dami ng bumoto para sa extension, halos mapaiyak sa galit si Lilia... – "TV Patrol: Ika-3 extension ng Mindanao martial law sinalubong ng protesta"
  338. https://www.untvweb.com/news/revolutionary-government-meant-establish-duterte-dictatorship/ "‘Revolutionary government’ meant to establish Duterte dictatorship"
  339. News: Watch: Declare revolutionary government, supporters urge Duterte. Rappler.
  340. News: Palace: Duterte rejects revolutionary gov't but supporters can hold peaceful rally.
  341. ""Elmer Labog: Hindi aalis ang aming kasamahan hangga't hindi magkakaroon ng pag-uusap sa Malakanyang... hindi lamang yung regularisasyon, hindi lamang tataas ang sahod, kundi ang pagtigil sa tumitinding militarisasyon dahil sa kalagayan ng Batas Militar sa Mindanao." News: Bandila: Ilang labor groups, magsasagawa ng protesta sa Bonifacio Day . ABS-CBN News – via YouTube.
  342. "Itinanghal bilang hari ng bilang hari ng militanteng manggagawa si Pangulong Duterte, pero hari anila ng pagpahirap sa sambayanan. Galit na binitbit ng mga ito ang effigy ni "Haring Duterte" ang iba, hawak ang mga maso, Katipunero't Kapitupera ang asta ng mga ito. Mula España, nagmartsa sila papuntang Mendiola at pagdating doon, inupakan ang Duterte effigy." (Duterte effigy being destroyed at 0:27-0:32)(TV Patrol: Pagdami ng Chinese workers, isa sa isyu sa Bonifacio Day)
  343. News: Mga militante nagprotesta bilang paggunita sa kaarawan ni Andres Bonifacio TV Patrol . ABS-CBN News . YouTube.
  344. MaydayMultimed1 . 1200706348033331200 . LOOK: Leading the march towards Mendiola, Gat Andres Bonifacio grapples our fascist leaders by the neck, bringing them towards their fate in flames. . July 9, 2021.
  345. News: December 16, 2020 . 24 Oras: Red-tagging, anti-terror law at pagpatay kay Jevilyn Cullamat, kinondena . GMA News. YouTube .
  346. News: December 16, 2020 . Makabayan lawmakers hit 'desecration' of Jevilyn Cullamat's remains . Rappler .
  347. News: Palace: 'Black Friday' protest shows freedom, democracy alive. Philippine Star. January 19, 2018.
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  351. News: Group defends Rappler in online libel case. January 20, 2018. CNN Philippines. January 21, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180121071219/http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2018/01/20/group-defends-rappler-in-online-libel-case.html. dead.
  352. News: Press freedom wears black in media rallies. Philippine Daily Inquirer.
  353. News: Groups protest 'attacks' on press freedom. CNN Philippines. January 20, 2018. January 21, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180121071257/http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2018/01/20/black-friday-protest-press-freedom.html. dead.
  354. News: Sociologist: Duterte's media criticism has grave implications on news practice. CNN Philippines. January 20, 2018. January 20, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180120041143/http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2018/01/17/nicole-curato-on-rappler-SEC-decision.html. dead.
  355. http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2018/01/16/Rappler-Ressa-Malacanang-hand-license-revocation.html "Rappler sees Malacañang hand in license revocation"
  356. http://www.interaksyon.com/black-friday-bloggers-for-freedom-blast-moves-to-silence-scare-media-as-palace-vows-maximum-tolerance/ "Watch | Black Friday: ‘Bloggers for Freedom’ blast ‘moves to silence, scare’ media as Palace vows maximum tolerance"
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  358. News: Trillanes calls on Senate to defend De Lima, press freedom, right to life. Rappler.
  359. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JGwP8vnf4nU "TV Patrol: 'Black Friday' protest at concert, isinagawa sa UP"
  360. https://web.archive.org/web/20180117015119/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/16/opinion/duterte-free-press-philippines.html "After Killing Spree, Is a Free Press Mr. Duterte's Next Victim?"
  361. News: Media practitioners, bloggers gear up for Black Friday protest in QC. Philippine Daily Inquirer.
  362. News: ABS-CBN News Livestream: Sereno supporters gather ahead of SC decision on quo warranto plea. ABS-CBN News. tl. YouTube.
  363. News: Mga opisyal ng gobyerno, hati sa pagpapatalsik kay Sereno. ABS-CBN News. tl. YouTube.
  364. News: Diocese of Bacolod lights candles for ousted Sereno. GMA News.
  365. News: Bandila: Mga estudyante nagsagawa ng kilos protesta laban sa pagtalsik kay CJ Sereno. ABS-CBN News. tl. YouTube.
  366. Web site: Bandila: Mga taga-suporta ni Sereno, tuloy ang protesta. ABS-CBN News. tl. YouTube.
  367. News: Pascual . Jekki. Libo-libo, stranded dahil sa tigil-pasada kontra jeepney phaseout . . February 6, 2017 . February 27, 2017 .
  368. News: Jeepney drivers to hold strike Monday . . February 25, 2017 . February 27, 2017.
  369. News: Class cancellations for Monday, February 6, 2017 . . February 6, 2017 . February 27, 2017 .
  370. http://www.sunstar.com.ph/manila/local-news/2017/10/15/no-classes-govt-work-nationwide-oct-16-569489 "No classes, gov't work nationwide on Oct. 16"
  371. http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/news/nation/601097/class-cancellations-for-monday-feb-27-2017/story/ "Class cancellations for Monday, Feb. 27, 2017"
  372. News: Transport strike vs jeepney modernization set for September 25. Rappler.
  373. News: EXPLAINER: What's the reason for the 2-day transport strike?. Rappler.
  374. News: Transport group claims strike a success . The Philippine Star.
  375. News: Malacañang 'will not be intimidated' by September 30 transport strike . Rappler.
  376. News: Transport strike successful, MMDA told . ABS-CBN News . https://web.archive.org/web/20191002024007/https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/10/01/19/transport-strike-successful-mmda-told . October 2, 2019. .
  377. News: MMDA Spokesperson Celine Pialago post's . https://web.archive.org/web/20191002024310/https://www.facebook.com/mmdaspokesperson/posts/2631783393540424 . October 2, 2019 . October 2, 2019 . bot: unknown .
  378. News: Newly-painted Manila underpass vandalized; leaves city hall officials exasperated . November 15, 2019 . . https://web.archive.org/web/20191115040852/https://news.mb.com.ph/2019/11/12/newly-painted-manila-underpass-vandalized-leaves-city-hall-officials-exasperated/. November 15, 2019.
  379. News: Isko Moreno lashes out at vandals of Lagusnilad underpass . November 14, 2019 . . January 23, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200123161400/https://cnnphilippines.com/news/2019/11/12/isko-moreno-lagusnilad-underpass-vandalism.html . dead .
  380. News: Youth group sorry, but justifies Manila underpass vandalism . . November 15, 2019 . November 13, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191113115409/https://cnnphilippines.com/news/2019/11/13/Lagusnilad-Manila-vandal.html . dead .
  381. News: Bandila: Prayer rally isinagawa kontra pagbaba ng edad ng pananagutan . ABS-CBN News. tl. YouTube.
  382. News: IN PHOTOS: OFWs protest Kian slay. Rappler.
  383. News: Israelis protest arms sale to the Philippines as Duterte, Rivlin meet . September 5, 2018 . Reuters. . https://web.archive.org/web/20180905092344/https://untvweb.com/news/israelis-protest-arms-sale-to-the-philippines-as-duterte-rivlin-meet/ . September 5, 2018.
  384. News:
    1. WalkOutPH trends on Twitter as millennials fight for press freedom, human rights
    . Rappler.
  385. News: Oldest alliance of college editors to stage nationwide protests February 23. Rappler.
  386. News: Filipino youth lead nationwide 'walkout' for freedom and democracy. Rappler.
  387. News: UP students nag-walk out vs pagpasok ng militar, pulis sa mga campus TV Patrol . ABS-CBN News - via YouTube.
  388. Web site: Ateneo students go on academic strike, slam gov't inaction during disasters, pandemic. 2020-11-18. Rappler. November 14, 2020 . en.
  389. News: DOH, binato ng kamatis . 23 September 2021 . News5 . July 16, 2021. Facebook.
  390. News: 'Ginagawa kaming bobo': Health workers patuloy ang paghahabol sa benepisyo. 28 November 2021 . ABS-CBN News.
  391. News: 'We have nothing to celebrate': Health workers protest as Duterte calls frontliners 'new breed of heroes' . 1 September 2021 . CNN Philippines . September 1, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210901033613/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2021/8/30/health-workers-protest-National-Heroes-Day.html . dead .
  392. News: On Heroes' Day, health workers protest over unreleased benefits . 1 September 2021 . Rappler.
  393. News: Underpaid health workers walk out, call for Duque resignation at mass protests . 1 September 2021 . Rappler.
  394. News: #OustDuterte trends as gov't belies 'relaxed' approach to nCoV scare . Philippine Daily Inquirer . May 1, 2020 .
  395. News: Anne Curtis, Angel Locsin, and Gabbi Garcia: Celebrity tweets on the state of the nation . Philippine Daily Inquirer . May 1, 2020 .
  396. News: December 22, 2020 . IN PHOTOS: Civil rights groups protest #JunkTerrorBill . CNN Philippines . January 18, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210118202259/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/life/culture/politics/2020/6/4/junk-terror-bill-rally.html . dead .
  397. News: March 16, 2021 . As #DutertePalpak trends, Palace claims COVID-19 surge not due to gov't incompetence . Philippine Daily Inquirer .
  398. News: #DuterteDuwag? Netizens weigh in on Duterte vs Carpio debate challenge . 15 May 2021 . Rappler.
  399. News: LIST: SONA 2021 protests, activities . 26 July 2021 . Rappler.
  400. News: September 27, 2020. Ilas, Joyce. Militant groups clash with police in anti-Trump rally. CNN Philippines. November 19, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171119020527/http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2017/11/13/protest-donald-trump-asean.html. dead.
  401. Web site: Talabong. Rambo. 2017-11-15. 50 cops hurt in protests during ASEAN Summit. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20171116185412/https://www.rappler.com/nation/188547-50-cops-wounded-asean-summit-2017-summit-pnp. 2017-11-16. 2021-01-07. Rappler.
  402. News: Nakunan ng video ang dispersal ng mga otoridad sa ilang grupong nagprotesta sa Cabuyao, Laguna kahapon. Lima sa 11 na nahuli ang sugatan sa nangyari. Ayon kay Kyle Salgado, spokesperson ng Karapatan Southern Tagalog, mapayapa naman nilang dinaraos ang protesta nang bigla silang dinampot nang marahas ng mga otoridad. . News5. Facebook. July 9, 2021. July 5, 2020.
  403. News: Taguiwalo appeals for release of detained elderly Kadamay members . April 5, 2017. . July 3, 2020 .
  404. News: TV Patrol: Sesyon sa martial law extension, binulabog ng protesta . ABS-CBN News. YouTube. July 22, 2017 . July 3, 2020 .
  405. Bayan Southern Tagalog member Francis Rafael was arrested for "interrupting public order" while Pres Duterte delivered his speech during the 120th Independence Day Celebration at Aguinaldo Shrine in Kawit, Cavite when he shouted "Huwad na Kalayaan!" via @maan_macapagal . 1006437273628360705 . June 12, 2018 . ABSCBNNews. July 3, 2020 .
  406. News: 21 protesters demanding food aid arrested in Quezon City . CNN Philippines . July 3, 2020 . June 23, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200623053048/https://cnnphilippines.com/news/2020/4/1/quezon-city-protesters-arrested-.html . dead .
  407. News: 8 arrested in Cebu anti-terror bill rally ordered released without bail . . July 3, 2020 .
  408. News: At least 20 arrested at Pride march in Manila . Rappler . June 26, 2020 .
  409. News: 11 activists protesting enactment of Anti-Terrorism Law arrested in Cabuyao. Philippine Star. July 5, 2020 .
  410. News: 34 arrested ahead of SONA 2020 . CNN Philippines . July 27, 2020 . July 27, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200727010905/https://cnnphilippines.com/news/2020/7/27/SONA-2020-police-protesters-rally.html . dead .
  411. News: Cebu police arrest 5 workers in Bonifacio Day protest rally . 12 July 2021 . Business Mirror.
  412. The 30 Most Influential Teens of 2017. Time.
  413. News: TIME hails women of #BabaeAko movement as one of most influential people online . December 11, 2018 . . December 3, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181203090342/http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2018/06/29/BabaeAko-Movement-TIME-Magazine-Duterte.html . dead .

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