Proteoform Explained

Proteoforms are the different forms of a protein produced from the genome with a variety of sequence variations, splice isoforms, and post-translational modifications.^{[1] [2]} Proteoform captures the disparate sources of biological variation which alter primary sequence and composition at the whole-protein level. Protein characterization at the proteoform level has a crucial importance to fully understand biological processes since specific proteoforms can carry particular biological functions.^[3] The proteoforms estimation in human can be in millions for around 20,000 proteins.^[4]

References

1. Smith LM, Kelleher NL . Proteoforms as the next proteomics currency . Science . 359 . 6380 . 1106–1107 . March 2018 . 29590032 . 5944612 . 10.1126/science.aat1884 . 2018Sci...359.1106S .
2. Smith LM, Kelleher NL . Proteoform: a single term describing protein complexity . Nature Methods . 10 . 3 . 186–7 . March 2013 . 23443629 . 4114032 . 10.1038/nmeth.2369 .
3. Lima DB, Dupré M, Duchateau M, Gianetto QG, Rey M, Matondo M, Chamot-Rooke J . ProteoCombiner: integrating bottom-up with top-down proteomics data for improved proteoform assessment . Bioinformatics . btaa958 . November 2020 . 33165572 . 10.1093/bioinformatics/btaa958 . Valencia A .
4. Aebersold R, Agar JN, Amster IJ, Baker MS, Bertozzi CR, Boja ES, Costello CE, Cravatt BF, Fenselau C, Garcia BA, Ge Y, Gunawardena J, Hendrickson RC, Hergenrother PJ, Huber CG, Ivanov AR, Jensen ON, Jewett MC, Kelleher NL, Kiessling LL, Krogan NJ, Larsen MR, Loo JA, Ogorzalek Loo RR, Lundberg E, MacCoss MJ, Mallick P, Mootha VK, Mrksich M, Muir TW, Patrie SM, Pesavento JJ, Pitteri SJ, Rodriguez H, Saghatelian A, Sandoval W, Schlüter H, Sechi S, Slavoff SA, Smith LM, Snyder MP, Thomas PM, Uhlén M, Van Eyk JE, Vidal M, Walt DR, White FM, Williams ER, Wohlschlager T, Wysocki VH, Yates NA, Young NL, Zhang B . 6 . How many human proteoforms are there? . Nature Chemical Biology . 14 . 3 . 206–214 . February 2018 . 29443976 . 5837046 . 10.1038/nchembio.2576 .