Protein kinase D1 explained

Serine/threonine-protein kinase D1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PRKD1 gene.^{[1] [2] [3]}

Function

Members of the protein kinase D (PKD) family function in many extracellular receptor-mediated signal transduction pathways. The PRKCM gene encodes a cytosolic serine-threonine kinase that binds to the trans-Golgi network and regulates the fission of transport carriers specifically destined to the cell surface.[supplied by OMIM]

Interactions

Protein kinase D1 has been shown to interact with:

• Bruton's tyrosine kinase,^[4]
• C1QBP,^[5]
• Centaurin, alpha 1,^[6]
• Metallothionein 2A,^[7] and
• YWHAQ.^{[5] [8]}

Further reading

• Van Lint J, Rykx A, Maeda Y, Vantus T, Sturany S, Malhotra V, Vandenheede JR, Seufferlein T . Protein kinase D: an intracellular traffic regulator on the move . Trends Cell Biol. . 12 . 4 . 193–200 . 2002 . 11978539 . 10.1016/S0962-8924(02)02262-6 .
• Busch H, Eisenhart-Rothe BV . [Old and new dangers of blood transfusion (author's transl)] . Münchener medizinische Wochenschrift . 118 . 22 . 713–8 . 1976 . 5668 .
• Jakobovits A, Rosenthal A, Capon DJ . Trans-activation of HIV-1 LTR-directed gene expression by tat requires protein kinase C . EMBO J. . 9 . 4 . 1165–70 . 1990 . 2182321 . 551792 . 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1990.tb08223.x.
• Davis RJ, Czech MP . Tumor-promoting phorbol diesters cause the phosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptors in normal human fibroblasts at threonine-654 . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 82 . 7 . 1974–8 . 1985 . 2984676 . 397463 . 10.1073/pnas.82.7.1974 . 1985PNAS...82.1974D . free .
• Davis RJ, Czech MP . Platelet-derived growth factor mimics phorbol diester action on epidermal growth factor receptor phosphorylation at threonine-654 . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 82 . 12 . 4080–4 . 1985 . 2987962 . 397938 . 10.1073/pnas.82.12.4080 . 1985PNAS...82.4080D . free .
• Conant K, Ma M, Nath A, Major EO . Extracellular human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat protein is associated with an increase in both NF-kappa B binding and protein kinase C activity in primary human astrocytes . J. Virol. . 70 . 3 . 1384–9 . 1996 . 10.1128/JVI.70.3.1384-1389.1996 . 8627654 . 189957 .
• Sidorenko SP, Law CL, Klaus SJ, Chandran KA, Takata M, Kurosaki T, Clark EA . Protein kinase C mu (PKC mu) associates with the B cell antigen receptor complex and regulates lymphocyte signaling . Immunity . 5 . 4 . 353–63 . 1996 . 8885868 . 10.1016/S1074-7613(00)80261-7 . free .
• Holmes AM . In vitro phosphorylation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat protein by protein kinase C: evidence for the phosphorylation of amino acid residue serine-46 . Arch. Biochem. Biophys. . 335 . 1 . 8–12 . 1996 . 8914829 . 10.1006/abbi.1996.0476 .
• Borgatti P, Zauli G, Cantley LC, Capitani S . Extracellular HIV-1 Tat protein induces a rapid and selective activation of protein kinase C (PKC)-alpha, and -epsilon and -zeta isoforms in PC12 cells . Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. . 242 . 2 . 332–7 . 1998 . 9446795 . 10.1006/bbrc.1997.7877 .
• Zidovetzki R, Wang JL, Chen P, Jeyaseelan R, Hofman F . Human immunodeficiency virus Tat protein induces interleukin 6 mRNA expression in human brain endothelial cells via protein kinase C- and cAMP-dependent protein kinase pathways . AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses . 14 . 10 . 825–33 . 1998 . 9671211 . 10.1089/aid.1998.14.825 .
• Waldron RT, Iglesias T, Rozengurt E . The pleckstrin homology domain of protein kinase D interacts preferentially with the eta isoform of protein kinase C . J. Biol. Chem. . 274 . 14 . 9224–30 . 1999 . 10092595 . 10.1074/jbc.274.14.9224 . free .
• Hausser A, Storz P, Link G, Stoll H, Liu YC, Altman A, Pfizenmaier K, Johannes FJ . Protein kinase C mu is negatively regulated by 14-3-3 signal transduction proteins . J. Biol. Chem. . 274 . 14 . 9258–64 . 1999 . 10092600 . 10.1074/jbc.274.14.9258 . free .
• Jamora C, Yamanouye N, Van Lint J, Laudenslager J, Vandenheede JR, Faulkner DJ, Malhotra V . Gbetagamma-mediated regulation of Golgi organization is through the direct activation of protein kinase D . Cell . 98 . 1 . 59–68 . 1999 . 10412981 . 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80606-6 . free .
• Bagowski CP, Stein-Gerlach M, Choidas A, Ullrich A . Cell-type specific phosphorylation of threonines T654 and T669 by PKD defines the signal capacity of the EGF receptor . EMBO J. . 18 . 20 . 5567–76 . 1999 . 10523301 . 1171625 . 10.1093/emboj/18.20.5567 .
• Johannes FJ, Hausser A, Storz P, Truckenmüller L, Link G, Kawakami T, Pfizenmaier K . Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) associates with protein kinase C mu . FEBS Lett. . 461 . 1–2 . 68–72 . 1999 . 10561498 . 10.1016/S0014-5793(99)01424-6 . free .
• Storz P, Hausser A, Link G, Dedio J, Ghebrehiwet B, Pfizenmaier K, Johannes FJ . Protein kinase C [micro] is regulated by the multifunctional chaperon protein p32 . J. Biol. Chem. . 275 . 32 . 24601–7 . 2000 . 10831594 . 10.1074/jbc.M002964200 . free .
• Mayne M, Holden CP, Nath A, Geiger JD . Release of calcium from inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor-regulated stores by HIV-1 Tat regulates TNF-alpha production in human macrophages . J. Immunol. . 164 . 12 . 6538–42 . 2000 . 10843712 . 10.4049/jimmunol.164.12.6538 . free .
• Matthews SA, Iglesias T, Rozengurt E, Cantrell D . Spatial and temporal regulation of protein kinase D (PKD) . EMBO J. . 19 . 12 . 2935–45 . 2000 . 10856238 . 203351 . 10.1093/emboj/19.12.2935 .
• Vertommen D, Rider M, Ni Y, Waelkens E, Merlevede W, Vandenheede JR, Van Lint J . Regulation of protein kinase D by multisite phosphorylation. Identification of phosphorylation sites by mass spectrometry and characterization by site-directed mutagenesis . J. Biol. Chem. . 275 . 26 . 19567–76 . 2000 . 10867018 . 10.1074/jbc.M001357200 . free .

Notes and References

1. Johannes FJ, Prestle J, Eis S, Oberhagemann P, Pfizenmaier K . PKCu is a novel, atypical member of the protein kinase C family . J Biol Chem . 269 . 8 . 6140–8 . April 1994 . 10.1016/S0021-9258(17)37580-4 . 8119958 . free .
2. Owczarek CM, Portbury KJ, Kola I, Hertzog PJ . Assignment of protein kinase C mu (PRKCM) to human chromosome band 14q11 with somatic cell hybrids and radiation hybrids . Cytogenet Cell Genet . 89 . 3–4 . 240–1 . September 2000 . 10965134 . 10.1159/000015624 . 26620985 .
3. Web site: Entrez Gene: PRKD1 protein kinase D1.
4. Johannes FJ, Hausser A, Storz P, Truckenmüller L, Link G, Kawakami T, Pfizenmaier K . Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) associates with protein kinase C mu . FEBS Lett. . 461 . 1–2 . 68–72 . November 1999 . 10561498 . 10.1016/s0014-5793(99)01424-6. free .
5. Storz P, Hausser A, Link G, Dedio J, Ghebrehiwet B, Pfizenmaier K, Johannes FJ . Protein kinase C [micro] is regulated by the multifunctional chaperon protein p32 . J. Biol. Chem. . 275 . 32 . 24601–7 . August 2000 . 10831594 . 10.1074/jbc.M002964200 . free .
6. Zemlickova E, Dubois T, Kerai P, Clokie S, Cronshaw AD, Wakefield RI, Johannes FJ, Aitken A . Centaurin-alpha(1) associates with and is phosphorylated by isoforms of protein kinase C . Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. . 307 . 3 . 459–65 . August 2003 . 12893243 . 10.1016/s0006-291x(03)01187-2.
7. Rao PS, Jaggi M, Smith DJ, Hemstreet GP, Balaji KC . Metallothionein 2A interacts with the kinase domain of PKCmu in prostate cancer . Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. . 310 . 3 . 1032–8 . October 2003 . 14550308 . 10.1016/j.bbrc.2003.09.118.
8. Hausser A, Storz P, Link G, Stoll H, Liu YC, Altman A, Pfizenmaier K, Johannes FJ . Protein kinase C mu is negatively regulated by 14-3-3 signal transduction proteins . J. Biol. Chem. . 274 . 14 . 9258–64 . April 1999 . 10092600 . 10.1074/jbc.274.14.9258. free .