Pro-Europeanism Explained

Pro-Europeanism, sometimes called European Unionism,^{[1] [2]} is a political position that favours European integration and membership of the European Union (EU).^[3]

Political position

Pro-Europeans are mostly classified as centrist (Renew Europe) in the context of European politics, including centre-right liberal conservatives (EPP Group) and centre-left social democrats (S&D and Greens/EFA). Pro-Europeanism is ideologically closely related to the European and Global liberal movement.^{[4] [5] [6] [7]}

Pro-EU political parties

See main article: List of pro-European political parties.

Pan-European level

• EU: Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party,^[8] European Free Alliance,^[9] European Green Party,^[10] European People's Party, Party of European Socialists, Volt Europa^[11]

Within the EU

• Austria: Austrian People's Party,^[12] Social Democratic Party of Austria,^[13] The Greens – The Green Alternative, NEOS – The New Austria,^[14] Volt Austria
• Belgium: Reformist Mouvement, Open Flemish Liberals and Democrats,^[15] Socialist Party, Vooruit, Christian Democratic and Flemish, Les Engagés, Ecolo, Green, Democratic Federalist Independent, Volt Belgium
• Bulgaria: We Continue the Change, Yes, Bulgaria!, Union of Democratic Forces,^{[16] [17] [18]} Citizens for European Development of Bulgaria,^[18] Democrats for a Strong Bulgaria,^[18] Bulgarian Socialist Party (factions),^{[19] [20]} Volt Bulgaria, Republicans for Bulgaria,^[21] Stand Up.BG, United People's Party, Bulgaria for Citizens Movement, Movement 21, There Is Such a People
• Croatia: Croatian Democratic Union,^[22] Social Democratic Party of Croatia, Croatian Peasant Party, Croatian People's Party – Liberal Democrats, Civic Liberal Alliance, Istrian Democratic Assembly, People's Party – Reformists, Croatian Social Liberal Party, Centre
• Cyprus: Democratic Rally, Democratic Party, Movement for Social Democracy, Democratic Alignment, New Wave – The Other Cyprus, Volt Cyprus
• Czech Republic: Mayors and Independents, TOP 09,^[23] Czech Pirate Party,^[24] KDU-ČSL,^[25] Social Democracy,^[26] Green Party,^[27] Volt Czech Republic
• Denmark: Danish Social Liberal Party,^[28] Social Democrats,^[29] Venstre,^[30] Conservative People's Party,^[31] Moderates, Volt Denmark
  • Estonia: Estonian Reform Party, Estonian Social Democratic Party,^[32] Estonia 200, Isamaa, Estonian Greens Finland: Centre Party, National Coalition Party, Social Democratic Party of Finland, Green League, Swedish People's Party of Finland
• France: Renaissance, Democratic Movement, The Republicans, Socialist Party, Public Place, Radical Party of the Left, Europe Ecology – The Greens, The New Democrats, Génération.s, Radical Party, Union of Democrats and Independents, New Deal, Agir, En Commun, Horizons, Territories of Progress, Progressive Federation, Centrist Alliance, The Centrists, Ecologist Party, Democratic European Force, Volt France
• Germany: Christian Democratic Union, Social Democratic Party of Germany, Alliance 90/The Greens, Free Democratic Party, Christian Social Union in Bavaria, Die PARTEI,^[33] Volt Germany
• Greece: New Democracy, Syriza, PASOK – Movement for Change, Union of Centrists, Movement of Democratic Socialists, Volt Greece
• Hungary: Democratic Coalition, Jobbik, Hungarian Socialist Party, Momentum Movement, Dialogue – The Greens' Party, LMP – Hungary's Green Party, Hungarian Liberal Party, New Start
• Ireland: Fine Gael, Fianna Fáil, Labour Party, Social Democrats, Green Party, Volt Ireland
• Italy: Democratic Party, Forza Italia, Italia Viva, Italian Left, More Europe, Volt Italy, Civic Commitment, Action, Italian Socialist Party, Social Democrats, Italian Republican Party, Solidary Democracy, Green Europe, Italian Radicals, Possible, Us of the Centre, Europeanists, Centrists for Europe, Moderates, Article One, European Republicans Movement, Forza Europa, Liberal Democratic Alliance for Italy, Alliance of the Centre (Italy), èViva, Sicilian Socialist Party, Team K
• Latvia: Unity, For Latvia's Development, Movement For!, The Conservatives, The Progressives
  • Lithuania: Homeland Union, Liberals' Movement, Lithuanian Farmers and Greens Union, Social Democratic Party of Lithuania, Freedom Party, Labour Party, Lithuanian Green Party Luxembourg: Christian Social People's Party, Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party, Democratic Party, The Greens, Volt Luxembourg
• Malta: Nationalist Party, Labour Party (factions), AD+PD, Volt Malta
• Netherlands: Democrats 66, People's Party for Freedom and Democracy, Labour Party, Christian Democratic Appeal, GroenLinks, Volt Netherlands
• Poland: Civic Platform, Poland 2050, Polish People's Party, New Left, .Modern, Left Together, Your Movement, The Greens, Polish Initiative, Union of European Democrats, Polish Socialist Party^[34]
• Portugal: Social Democratic Party, Socialist Party, Liberal Initiative, LIVRE, People–Animals–Nature Party, Volt Portugal
• Romania: Save Romania Union, National Liberal Party, People's Movement Party, Renewing Romania's European Project, PRO Romania,^[35] Green Party, NOW Party, Volt Romania
• Slovakia: Progressive Slovakia, Christian Democratic Movement, Slovakia, Democrats, For the People, Voice – Social Democracy, Hungarian Alliance, Volt Slovakia
• Slovenia: Freedom Movement, Social Democrats,^[36] New Slovenia,^[37] Democratic Party of Pensioners of Slovenia, Slovenian People's Party^[38]
• Spain: People's Party, Spanish Socialist Workers' Party, Citizens, Volt Spain
• Sweden: Swedish Social Democratic Party, Moderate Party, Centre Party, Liberals, Christian Democrats, Volt Sweden

Outside the EU

• Albania: Democratic Party of Albania, Socialist Party of Albania, Freedom Party of Albania, Libra Party, Social Democratic Party of Albania, Republican Party of Albania, Unity for Human Rights Party, Alliance for Equality and European Justice, Volt Albania
• Armenia: Armenian Democratic Liberal Party, Armenian National Movement Party, Bright Armenia, Christian-Democratic Rebirth Party, Civil Contract, Conservative Party, European Party of Armenia, For The Republic Party, Free Democrats, Heritage, Liberal Democratic Union of Armenia, National Progress Party of Armenia, People's Party of Armenia, Union for National Self-Determination, Republic Party, Rule of Law, Sasna Tsrer Pan-Armenian Party, Social Democrat Hunchakian Party, Sovereign Armenia Party
• Belarus: Belarusian Christian Democracy, BPF Party, United Democratic Forces of Belarus, Party of Freedom and Progress, United Civic Party of Belarus, Belarusian Social Democratic Party (Assembly), Belarusian Social Democratic Assembly
• Bosnia and Herzegovina: Party of Democratic Action, Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Social Democratic Party of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Democratic Front, People and Justice, Party of Democratic Progress, Our Party, People's European Union, For New Generations, Union for a Better Future, Independent Bloc
• Georgia: United National Movement, For Georgia, Lelo, European Georgia, Girchi - More Freedom, Strategy Aghmashenebeli, Ahali, Republican Party of Georgia, Georgian Labour Party, For the People, Citizens, Droa, Free Democrats, For Justice, Tavisupleba, State for the People, National Democratic Party, Solidarity Alliance of Georgia
• Iceland: Social Democratic Alliance, Reform Party
• Kosovo: Alliance for the Future of Kosovo,^[39] Democratic League of Kosovo, Partia e Fortë
• Moldova: Party of Action and Solidarity, National Alternative Movement, Liberal Party, European Social Democratic Party, Liberal Democratic Party, European People's Party, Pro Moldova, People's Party of the Republic of Moldova
• Montenegro: Europe Now!, Democratic Party of Socialists of Montenegro, Social Democratic Party of Montenegro, DEMOS, United Reform Action, Democratic Montenegro, Socialist People's Party, Liberal Party, Social Democrats, Bosniak Party, Civis, We won't give up Montenegro
• North Macedonia: Social Democratic Union, BESA, New Social Democratic Party, Democratic Union for Integration, Alliance for Albanians, Liberal Democratic Party, VMRO-NP
• Norway: Conservative Party, Labour Party (factions), Liberal Party^[40]
• Russia: Yabloko, People's Freedom Party, Green Alternative, Russia of the Future, Democratic Party of Russia
• San Marino: Civic 10, Euro-Populars for San Marino, Future Republic, Party of Democrats, Party of Socialists and Democrats,^[41] Sammarineses for Freedom, Socialist Party,^[42] Union for the Republic^[43]
• Serbia: Democratic Party, Social Democratic Party, Liberal Democratic Party, Movement of Free Citizens, People's Party, New Party, Serbian Progressive Party, Social Democratic Party of Serbia, Party of Freedom and Justice, Together for Serbia, Serbia 21, Civic Democratic Forum, Party of Modern Serbia, Movement for Reversal
• Switzerland: Social Democratic Party of Switzerland (factions), Green Party of Switzerland (factions), Green Liberal Party of Switzerland, Volt Switzerland
• Turkey: Democracy and Progress Party, Democratic Left Party, Democrat Party, Future Party, Good Party, Homeland Party, Liberal Democratic Party, Peoples' Democratic Party, Peoples' Equality and Democracy Party, Republican People's Party
• Ukraine: Servant of the People, Fatherland, European Solidarity, Voice, Self Reliance, Ukrainian People's Party, Our Ukraine, European Party of Ukraine, People's Front, Ukrainian Democratic Alliance for Reform, Volt Ukraine
• United Kingdom: Liberal Democrats,^{[44] [45]} Green Party of England and Wales,^[46] Scottish National Party (SNP),^[47] Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP),^[48] Scottish Greens,^[49] Women's Equality Party,^[50] Alliance Party of Northern Ireland,^[51] Green Party Northern Ireland,^[52] Plaid Cymru, Mebyon Kernow,^[53],^[54] Volt UK, Animal Welfare Party^[55]

Pro-EU newspapers and magazines

Note: Media outside of Europe may also be included.

• Denmark: Dagbladet Børsen, Politiken
• France: Le Figaro,^{[56] [57]} Le Monde,^[58] Le Parisien
• Germany: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung,^[59] Der Spiegel, Süddeutsche Zeitung,^[59] Der Tagesspiegel
• Hungary: Blikk
• Ireland: The Irish Times^[60]
• Italy: Corriere della Sera, la Repubblica, La Stampa
• Japan: Chunichi Shimbun, Mainichi Shimbun
• South Korea: The Hankyoreh^[61]
• Spain: El Confidencial, El País, El Mundo
• United Kingdom: Financial Times,^[62] The Independent, The Guardian, The New European, The Economist

Multinational European partnerships

See main article: European integration.

• Council of Europe: an international organisation whose stated aim is to uphold human rights, democracy, rule of law in Europe and to promote European culture. It has 46 member states.
• Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe: the world's largest security-oriented intergovernmental organization, with 57 participating states mostly in Europe and the Northern Hemisphere.
• Paneuropean Union: the oldest European unification movement.

See also

• Eastern Partnership
• Euromyth
• European Federalist Party
• European Union as an emerging superpower
• Europeanism
• Euroscepticism
• Eurosphere
• Eurovoc
• Euronest Parliamentary Assembly
• Federal Europe
• Federalisation of the European Union
• Liberalism in Europe
• List of European federalist political parties
• Pan-European identity
• Pan-Europeanism
• Politics of Europe
• Potential enlargement of the European Union
• Pulse of Europe Initiative
• United States of Europe
• Volt Europa
• WhyEurope

Notes and References

1. Gowland, David. Britain and the European Union. Taylor & Francis, 2016. p.109
2. [Wojciech Sadurski|Sadurski, Wojciech]
3. Krisztina Arató, Petr Kaniok (editors). Euroscepticism and European Integration. Political Science Research Centre Zagreb, 2009. p.40
4. Book: Almeida, Dimitri. The Impact of European Integration on Political Parties. 2012-04-27. Routledge. 10.4324/9780203123621. 978-0-203-12362-1.
5. News: 10 January 2017. Emmanuel Macron a Berlin pour se donner une stature européenne. Le Monde. 2 June 2017.
6. News: Edwards. Maxim. 13 December 2018. Armenia's Revolution Will Not be Monopolized. Foreign Policy. Bright Armenia is an avowedly pro-EU and classical liberal political party....
7. News: Edward-Isaac Dovere . Obama wades into French election fight . "President Obama appreciated the opportunity to hear from Mr. Macron about his campaign and the important upcoming presidential election in France, a country that President Obama remains deeply committed to as a close ally of the United States, and as a leader on behalf of liberal values in Europe and around the world," Lewis said. . en . . 20 April 2017 . 15 January 2022.
8. Book: Demetriou. Kyriakos. The European Union in Crisis : Explorations in Representation and Democratic Legitimacy. 2014. Springer. 9783319087740. 46.
9. Web site: Who we are . European Free Alliance . 11 February 2023 . The European Free Alliance is a pro-European party that endorses the European Union’s values, namely the principles of liberty, democracy, respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms and the rule of law..
10. News: European Green Party Joins Pro-Europe Network's Ranks . European Greens . 11 February 2023.
11. Web site: 2 December 2021. Volt Europa – About us. Volt Europa.
12. Web site: Austrian People's Party (ÖVP). The Democratic Society. 16 December 2015. 6 July 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170706215744/http://www.demsoc.org/2014/02/03/austrian-peoples-party-ovp/. dead.
13. Book: Ton Notermans. Social Democracy and Monetary Union. January 2001. Berghahn Books. 978-1-57181-806-5. 203.
14. News: Austria's Freedom Party sees vote rise. BBC News. 25 May 2014. 25 May 2014.
15. Book: Almeida, Dimitri. The Impact of European Integration on Political Parties: Beyond the Permissive Consensus. Routledge. 107. 107.
16. Book: The JCMS Annual Review of the European Union in 2008. Nathaniel Copsey. Tim Haughton. 56. 2009. John Wiley & Sons. 9781405189149. 16 December 2015.
17. Book: Postcommunism and the Theory of Democracy. Richard Davis Anderson. 147. 2001. Princeton University Press. 0691089175. 16 December 2015.
18. Book: Routledge Handbook of European Elections. Donatella M. Viola. 639. 2015. Routledge. 9781317503637. 16 December 2015.
19. News: Bulgaria's government will include far-right nationalist parties for the first time – The Washington Post. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20181218102159/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2017/04/25/bulgarias-government-will-include-nationalist-parties-on-the-far-right-heres-why-and-what-this-means/?noredirect=on. 2018-12-18. The Washington Post.
20. News: Socialists say Bulgaria pays high price for EU's Russia sanctions. Reuters. 17 March 2017. Tsolova. Tsvetelia.
21. Web site: Цветан Цветанов оглави "Републиканци за България", заместник е Павел Вълнев. bnr.bg.
22. Web site: Statut. HDZ. 7 October 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171215044038/http://www.hdz.hr/sites/default/files/statut_hrvatske_demokratske_zajednice_0.pdf. 15 December 2017. dead.
23. Web site: VOLEBNÍ PROGRAM 2017. TOP09. 1 October 2017.
24. https://www.novinky.cz/domaci/451459-predseda-piratu-bartos-nejsme-vitaci-migrantu-a-jit-do-vlady-se-nebojime.html Předseda Pirátů Bartoš: Nejsme vítači migrantů a jít do vlády se nebojíme
25. Web site: Evropa je prostorem společných hodnot. 10 December 2015. KDU-ČSL. 1 October 2017.
26. Web site: Česko by bez pomoci EU mohlo být popelnicí Evropy, míní Chmelař. 28 July 2017. ČSSD. 29 September 2017.
27. Web site: Zelení: Evropa musí zahájit jednání o své federalizaci – Strana zelených. 24 June 2016. Zeliní. https://web.archive.org/web/20171002022230/https://www.zeleni.cz/web/zeleni-evropa-musi-zahajit-jednani-o-sve-federalizaci/. 2 October 2017. dead. 1 October 2017.
28. Book: The Palgrave Handbook of National Parliaments and the European Union. Claudia Hefftler. 286]. 2015. Palgrave Macmillan. 9781137289131. 16 December 2015. etal.
29. Web site: EU. Social Demokratiet. 1 October 2017.
30. Web site: Europæisk Samarbejde. Venstre. 1 October 2017.
31. Web site: EU-Politik – Det Konservative Folkeparti. Det Konservative Folkeparti. 1 October 2017.
32. Web site: Riigikogu 2015 programm. Sotsiaal Demokraadid. 31 July 2017 . 1 October 2017.
33. Web site: EU-Aufklärung im Satire-Kostüm. Deutschlandfunk Kultur. 25 April 2019.
34. Web site: PPS – Deklaracja ideowa PPS. naszpps.ppspl.eu.
35. Web site: Romania – Europe Elects.
36. Web site: Program Socialne demokracije. Social Democrats (Slovenia). 8 October 2017.
37. Web site: About. Nova Slovenija. 8 October 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171009042222/http://english.nsi.si/about/. 9 October 2017. dead.
38. Web site: Temeljna načela SLS. Slovenian People's Party. 8 October 2017.
39. Web site: Kosovo: early elections to be held June 8 - Politics. 8 May 2014. ANSAMed.
40. Web site: Venstre går inn for at Norge skal bli medlem i EU. David Vojislav. Krekling. 27 September 2020. NRK.
41. Web site: Congresso Psd: si cerca la mediazione su un nome che rappresenti le diverse anime. San Marino. Rtv. 19 September 2013. San Marino Rtv.
42. Web site: Referendum Europa: il Ps è per il sì. San Marino. Rtv. 10 September 2013. San Marino Rtv.
43. Web site: Referendum Ue: sì convinto dall'Upr. San Marino. Rtv. 6 September 2013. San Marino Rtv.
44. Web site: Protect Britain's place in Europe. 29 September 2017.
45. News: Liberal Democrats pledge to keep Britain in the EU after next election. Stone. Jon. 25 June 2016. The Independent. 29 September 2017.
46. News: Green party 'loud and proud' about backing Britain in Europe. Mason. Rowena. 14 March 2016. The Guardian. 29 September 2017.
47. News: Scotland to campaign officially to remain in the EU. Carrell. Severin. 3 March 2016. The Guardian. 29 September 2017.
48. Web site: McDonnell Brexit Address. McDonnell. Alasdair. 10 June 2016. Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP). 29 September 2017.
49. Web site: Now is the time to fight to stay in Europe ... and to reform it from the left, not the right as Cameron plans. Greer. Ross. 22 February 2016. Green Party of Scotland. 29 September 2017.
50. News: Walker . Sophie . Sophie Walker . Overconfident men brought us Brexit. It's not too late for women to fix it . . yes . Opinion . 26 July 2018 . 24 August 2018.
51. Web site: EU referendum: Where Northern Ireland parties stand. Hughes. Brendan. 22 February 2016. The Irish News. 7 October 2017.
52. Web site: Green Party Manifesto (2017, Westminster). Green Party Northern Ireland. 7 October 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20180827055650/http://www.greenpartyni.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/GPNI-Manifesto-2017.pdf. 27 August 2018. dead.
53. Web site: A reformed Europe – Policies and Manifesto. Mebyon Kernow. 7 October 2017.
54. Web site: What we believe. UK European People's Party. 7 October 2017.
55. Web site: Vision. 2020-11-25. Animal Welfare Party. 16 April 2010. en-GB.
56. Book: Manuela Caiani, Simona Guerra . Euroscepticism, Democracy and the Media: Communicating Europe, Contesting Europe . 2014 . 113 . Springer .
57. Book: John Lloyd, Cristina Marconi . Reporting the EU: News, Media and the European Institutions . In France, the big newspapers remain pro-European, notwithstanding the large success in the polls of the anti-EU movement led by Marine Le Pen – though the main paper of the centre right, Le Figaro, is now more critical. . 2014 . 68 . Bloomsbury Publishing . 9780857724595 .
58. Book: Élisabeth Le . Degrees of European Belonging: The fuzzy areas between us and them . In these circumstances, it is particularly interesting to investigate how the pro-European Le Monde constructs the concept of "Europe" (i.e. who belongs and who does not) ... . 2021 . 37 . John Benjamins Publishing Company . 9789027260192 .
59. Book: Manuela Caiani, Simona Guerra . Euroscepticism, Democracy and the Media: Communicating Europe, Contesting Europe . 2014 . 206 . Springer .
60. Web site: EU-UK Relations: Statements – Seanad Éireann (25th Seanad) – Wednesday, 22 Jun 2016 – Houses of the Oireachtas. Houses of the. Oireachtas. 22 June 2016. www.oireachtas.ie.
61. Web site: [사설] 유럽을 위기로 몰아넣는 영국의 선택 ]. [editorial] Britain's choice drove Europe into crisis. . 결국 영국은 편협한 안목으로 탈퇴를 선택함으로써 자국을 고립의 길로 이끌고 전 세계에 걱정거리를 안기고 말았다. . Eventually, Britain chose to go out with a narrow perspective, leading its country to isolation and causing only inconvenience to the world.. ko . . 2016-06-24. 2021-12-26.
62. Book: Peter J. Anderson, Tony Weymouth . Insulting the Public?: The British Press and the European Union . The Financial Times Having looked at two of the leading pro-European broadsheets, it is time to examine the discourse of the third, and in many ways the most pro-European, that of the Financial Times. . 2014 . 103 . Routledge. 9781317882831 .