The following is a complete list of people who held the office of President of Turkey. There have been twelve heads of state since the inception of the republican period in 1923, following the Turkish War of Independence. For a list of rulers of the predecessor Ottoman Empire, see List of sultans of the Ottoman Empire.
| Portrait | Name | Elected | Took office | Left office | Time in office | Political party | Previous office | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parliamentary system (1923–2018) | ||||||||
| 1 | Mustafa Kemal Atatürk | 1923 | 10 November 1938 | CHP | 1st speaker of the Grand National Assembly | |||
| 1927 | ||||||||
| 1931 | ||||||||
| 1935 | ||||||||
| — | Abdülhalik Renda | — | 10 November 1938 | 11 November 1938 | CHP | 4th speaker of the Grand National Assembly | ||
| 2 | İsmet İnönü | 1938 | 11 November 1938 | 27 May 1950 | CHP | 1st prime minister of Turkey | ||
| 1939 | ||||||||
| 1943 | ||||||||
| 1946 | ||||||||
| 3 | Celâl Bayar | 1950 | 27 May 1950 | 27 May 1960 | years | DP | 3rd prime minister of Turkey | |
| 1954 | ||||||||
| 1957 | ||||||||
| — | National Unity Committee | — | 27 May 1960 | 10 October 1961 | Military | 10th commander of the Turkish Army | ||
| 4 | Cemal Gürsel | 1961 | 10 October 1961 | 2 February 1966 | Independent | Chairman of the National Unity Committee | ||
| — | İbrahim Şevki Atasagun | — | 2 February 1966 | 28 March 1966 | Independent | 3rd chairman of the Senate of Turkey | ||
| 5 | Cevdet Sunay | 1966 | 28 March 1966 | 28 March 1973 | years | Independent | 12th chief of the Turkish General Staff | |
| — | Tekin Arıburun | — | 28 March 1973 | 6 April 1973 | AP | 4th chairman of the Senate of Turkey | ||
| 6 | Fahri Korutürk | 1973 | 6 April 1973 | 6 April 1980 | years | Independent | 3rd commander of the Turkish Navy | |
| — | İhsan Sabri Çağlayangil | — | 6 April 1980 | 12 September 1980 | AP | 6th chairman of the Senate of Turkey | ||
| — | National Security Council | — | 12 September 1980 | 9 November 1982 | Military | 17th chief of the Turkish General Staff | ||
| 7 | Kenan Evren | 1982 | 9 November 1982 | 9 November 1989 | years | Independent | Chairman of the National Security Council | |
| 8 | Turgut Özal | 1989 | 9 November 1989 | 17 April 1993 | ANAP | 19th prime minister of Turkey | ||
| — | Hüsamettin Cindoruk | — | 17 April 1993 | 16 May 1993 | DYP | 17th speaker of the Grand National Assembly | ||
| 9 | Süleyman Demirel | 1993 | 16 May 1993 | 16 May 2000 | years | DYP | 12th prime minister of Turkey | |
| 10 | Ahmet Necdet Sezer | 2000 | 16 May 2000 | 28 August 2007 | Independent | 14th president of the Constitutional Court of Turkey | ||
| 11 | Abdullah Gül | 2007 | 28 August 2007 | 28 August 2014 | years | AK Party | 40th minister of foreign affairs | |
| 12 | Recep Tayyip Erdoğan | 2014 | 28 August 2014 | 9 July 2018 | AK Party | 25th prime minister of Turkey | ||
| Presidential system (2018–present) | ||||||||
| 12 | Recep Tayyip Erdoğan | 2018 | 9 July 2018 | Incumbent | AK Party | 25th prime minister of Turkey | ||
| 2023 | ||||||||