Presidency of the United Nations Security Council explained

Post:	Presidency
Body:	United Nations Security Council
Native Name:	Subbox: yes Bodystyle: font-size:77%;font-weight:bold;
Flag:	Flag of the United Nations.svg
Flagsize:	150px
Incumbent:
Incumbentsince:	1
Member Of:	United Nations Security Council
Seat:	United Nations Headquarters
Appointer:	United Nations Security Council
Termlength:	One month
Constituting Instrument:	Charter of the United Nations
Formation:	17 January 1946
First:	Australia
Website:	www.un.org/securitycouncil/content/presidency

The presidency of the United Nations Security Council is responsible for leading the United Nations Security Council. It rotates among the 15 member-states of the council monthly. The head of the country's delegation is known as the President of the United Nations Security Council. The presidency has rotated every month since its establishment in 1946,^[1] and the president serves to coordinate actions of the council, decide policy disputes, and sometimes functions as a diplomat or intermediary between conflicting groups.

Role

The presidency derives responsibility from the Provisional Rules of Procedure of the United Nations Security Council as well as the council's practice. The role of the president involves calling the meetings of the Security Council,^[2] approving the provisional agenda (proposed by the secretary-general),^[3] presiding at its meetings,^[4] deciding questions relating to policy and overseeing any crisis. The president is authorized to issue both Presidential Statements^[5] (subject to consensus among Council members) and notes,^[6] which are used to make declarations of intent that the full Security Council can then pursue.^[7] The president is also responsible for reading statements of the Security Council to the press. The holder of the presidency is considered to be the 'face' and spokesperson of the UNSC. The holder of the presidency may appeal to parties in a conflict to "exercise restraint".

The president represents the Security Council before other United Nations organs and member states. They also call upon members to speak, send applicants for United Nations membership to a committee of the UNSC and decide voting order. Particularly after the end of the Cold War, the president has worked to coordinate the UNSC with other organs. The president has authority to rule upon points of order, which can be put to a vote if a member of the council challenges it. They also name members of various subsidiary organs, and are generally responsible for maintaining order. Since November 2000, the president has generally prepared background papers for the topic being discussed.

The president also continues to represent their state. If their nation is involved in a conflict the UNSC is discussing, they are expected to temporarily step down. Conversely, because the presidency rotates monthly, all nations on the UNSC can evenly emphasize issues important to them. Most non-permanent states hold the presidency once or twice during their two-year terms; Burkina Faso changed its name from Upper Volta in August 1984 during its term, and held it three times. The president often makes a distinction between when they are speaking as the president and as the representative of their state.

Davidson Nicol, an academic, writes that:

Identity

The Permanent Representative (ambassador) of the state to the security council is usually the president of the council, but the presidency is technically given to a state and not a person. For example, in January 2000, a month in which the United States held the presidency of the Security Council, U.S. vice president Al Gore headed the United States delegation to the United Nations for a few days. As a result, Gore was the president of the Security Council during this time.^[8] Heads of state have met six times at the UNSC.^[9] All members of the council, including the president, must present credentials issued by either the head of state, the head of government, or the minister of foreign affairs of their respective states to the secretary-general, except if the representative is also the head of government or minister of foreign affairs.^[10]

Rotation

The United Nations Charter mentions the presidency once, stating that the Security Council is empowered to establish rules of procedure, "including the method of selecting its president" in Article 30.^[11] At its first meeting on 17 January 1946, the UNSC adopted provisional rule 18 and established that the presidency would rotate monthly among all the members of the Security Council, with no distinction between permanent and non-permanent members. The rotation takes place in alphabetical order of the member states' official names in English. French was originally proposed as the source of the order, based on its predecessor, the Council of the League of Nations, but English was picked by the Executive Committee of the UN Preparatory Commission, despite reservations that three permanent members could serve in order (the USSR, United States, and United Kingdom). As such, Australia was the first nation to hold the presidency.^[12] Such rotation makes the presidency unique among all United Nations organs. The president is the only non-elected head of a United Nations organ.

The president of the Security Council may optionally recuse themselves when the Security Council debates a question directly connected to the president's nation. For example, Cape Verde served as president in November 1993, but temporarily stepped down for part of the day on 10 November 1993 while the UN General Assembly and Security Council conducted an election to the International Court of Justice where Cape Verde was running for a seat. The Security Council member next in line, China, temporarily served as president during the election.^[13]

Changes

Due to the UNSC's first meeting being on a January 17, terms initially began on the 17th of every month. Since there were eleven members on the Security Council at the time, the last member in alphabetical order, the United States, was due to end its first term on 16 December 1946. It was suggested by Australia that month to extend the term to 31 December 1946 so that all future rotations of the presidency would occur on the first of every month (United Nations Security Council Resolution 14).

As a result, the first year of operation of the Security Council had all eleven members serve as president exactly once, the United States became the only member to serve a term longer than one month, and all future years that had an eleven-member Security Council would have one member serve twice for the January and December months.

On 1 January 1966, the Security Council was expanded to fifteen members, and no future members would serve as president more than once in a year barring exceptional circumstances.

Function

In 1981, Sydney D. Bailey, an observer of the United Nations, divided the history of the UNSC into three eras; from 1946 to 1955, 1956–1965, and 1966 to 1981. In the first, presidents often acted on their own initiative without consulting the security council. During the second era, the security council was less involved in affairs relating to the Cold War, adopting the slogan "Leave it to Dag [Hammarskjöld]". From 1966 to 1981, the president began informally discussing matters before holding formal sessions and generally becoming more efficient.

Early function

In 1947 and 1948, the UNSC was involved in the independence of Israel and the ensuing 1947–1949 Palestine war. In July 1948, the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic held the presidency. The council met on 7 July upon the request of a United Nations mediator, to consider whether it should promote peace. The UNSC had previously invited representatives of the Arab Higher Committee and the Jewish Agency of Palestine to discuss the issue.

Dmitry Manuilsky, the president in July, addressed the Jewish Agency as 'the representative of the State of Israel'. However, the UNSC had not formally recognized the state. Various member-states criticized his action, and only the United States supported it. In response, the Arab Higher Committee representatives left discussions, and did not return, hindering the UNSC's ability to negotiate the matter. Historian Istvan Pogany considers that "the President deliberately abused his office in order to further the objectives of his government."

In 1948, the president informally engaged in diplomacy several times, the first in January 1948, when the Belgian president requested that India and Pakistan "refrain from any step incompatible with the Charter and liable to result in an aggravation of the situation". In April, the Colombian president met with representatives of the Jewish Agency and Arab Higher Committee to discuss possible terms for peace. Later that year, the Argentinian president established a 'Technical Committee on Berlin Currency and Trade'. In August 1950, Sydney D. Bailey writes that the holder of the presidency, the Soviet Union, manipulated "the procedure of the Council for partisan purposes during debates on Korea".

The president has also formally negotiated on behalf of the UNSC several times. In February 1957, upon the request of the UNSC, then-president Gunnar Jarring of Sweden prepared a report on India–Pakistan relations. He consulted with both nations and discussed many potential solutions to their disagreements, none of which were agreed upon. Such actions have generally not been requested since the 1970s. The president will also manage less formal negotiations upon request of the council.

Later function

In a 31 March 1976 meeting discussing South African aggression against Angola, the meeting continued past midnight and it was technically 1 April. Thomas S. Boya, the representative of Benin and president for March, offered to pass the presidency on to China. Though the meeting was adjourned before a decision was reached, it became established procedure for the president to step down exactly when the month elapsed. A similar case on 31 May 2010 resulted in Nawaf Salam of Lebanon giving the presidency to Claude Heller of Mexico.

In September 1994, during the Rwandan genocide, Rwanda was supposed to hold the presidency, but had not been present at Security Council meetings from 14 July. On 25 August, the Council decided to allow Spain to hold the position for September. A Rwandan delegation was again present on 16 September, and it was decided that the nation would hold the presidency in December. The presidency has been ceded several times. The first was from 10 to 12 January 1950, when the representative of Taiwan ceded to Cuba. The United States ceded in 1948, China in 1950, India in 1951, Lebanon in 1956, and the United Kingdom in 1968. On 10 November 1993 the representative of Cape Verde, José Luís Jesus, ceded to China as he was a candidate for election to the International Court of Justice; and on 15 December 1994 the Rwandan representative ceded to Argentina. Both the United States and Soviet Union refused requests to cede the presidency, the US during the Cold War and USSR during the Congo Crisis.

Taieb Slim, the Tunisian holder of the presidency in September 1980, asked Iran and Iraq to "desist from all armed activity and all acts that might worsen the dangerous situation and to settle their dispute by peaceful means. The presidency was reformed in a 2010 note revised its function, largely focusing on increasing transparency. Efforts at such reform had begun in the 1990s. There have been various other efforts to reform the position, such as allowing terms to be extended during times of war.

Numerous people have served multiple times as president. The most times anyone has held the position is sixteen, by T.F. Tsiang, a representative of the Republic of China; the second-most was held by Yakov Malik, a representative of the USSR, ten.

List of presidents

1946–1949

Presidents from 1946 to 1949:^[14]

Dates	State	Name
17 January – 16 February 1946		Norman Makin
17 February – 16 March 1946	Brazil	Cyro de Freitas Valle
17 March – 16 April 1946		Guo Taiqi
17 April – 16 May 1946		Hafez Afifi Pasha
17 May – 16 June 1946	France	Alexandre Parodi
17 June – 16 July 1946	Mexico	Francisco Castillo Nájera
17 July – 16 August 1946		Eelco van Kleffens
17 August – 16 September 1946		Oskar R. Lange
17 September – 16 October 1946		Andrei Gromyko
17 October – 16 November 1946		Alexander Cadogan
17 November – 31 December 1946	United States	Herschel V. Johnson II
January 1947		Norman Makin
February 1947		Fernand van Langenhove
March 1947	Brazil	Oswaldo Aranha
April 1947		Quo Tai-chi
May 1947		Alfonso López Pumarejo
June 1947	France	Alexandre Parodi
July 1947		Oskar R. Lange
August 1947		Faris al-Khoury
September 1947		Andrei Gromyko
October 1947		Alexander Cadogan
November 1947	United States	Warren Austin
December 1947		John Hood
January 1948		Fernand van Langenhove
February 1948	Canada	A. G. L. McNaughton
March 1948		Tsiang Tingfu
April 1948		Alfonso López Pumarejo
May 1948	France	Alexandre Parodi
June 1948		Faris al-Khoury
July 1948		Dmitry Manuilsky
August 1948		Yakov Malik
September 1948		Alexander Cadogan
October 1948	United States	Warren Austin Juan Atilio Bramuglia
November 1948		José Arce
December 1948		Fernand van Langenhove
January 1949	Canada	A. G. L. McNaughton
February 1949		Tsiang Tingfu
March 1949		Alberto Inocente Álvarez
April 1949		Mahmoud Fawzi Bey
May 1949	France	Jean Chauvel
June 1949		Arne Sunde
July 1949		Dmitry Manuilsky
August 1949		Semyon K. Tsarapkin
September 1949		Alexander Cadogan
October 1949	United States	Warren Austin
November 1949		José Arce
December 1949	Canada	A. G. L. McNaughton

1950–1954

Presidents from 1950 to 1954:^[15]

Dates	State	Name
January 1950		Tsiang Tingfu
February 1950		Carlos Blanco Sanchez
March 1950	Ecuador	Homero Viteri Lafronte
April 1950		Mahmoud Fawzi Bey
May 1950	France	Jean Chauvel
June 1950		Benegal Narsing Rau
July 1950		Arne Sunde
August 1950		Yakov Malik
September 1950		Gladwyn Jebb
October 1950	United States	Warren Austin
November 1950		Aleš Bebler
December 1950		Tsiang Tingfu
January 1951	Ecuador	Antonio Quevedo
February 1951	France	François Lacoste
March 1951		Benegal Narsing Rau D. J. von Balluseck
April 1951		D. J. von Balluseck
May 1951		Selim Sarper and Ilhan Savut
June 1951		Yakov Malik
July 1951		Gladwyn Jebb
August 1951	United States	Warren Austin
September 1951		Aleš Bebler
October 1951	Brazil	João Carlos Muniz
November 1951		Tsiang Tingfu
December 1951	Ecuador	Antonio Quevedo
January 1952	France	Jean Chauvel
February 1952	Greece	Alexis Kyrou
March 1952		D. J. von Balluseck
April 1952		Patras Bokhari
May 1952		Selim Sarper
June 1952		Yakov Malik
July 1952		Gladwyn Jebb
August 1952	United States	Warren Austin
September 1952	Brazil	João Carlos Muniz
October 1952		Hernán Santa Cruz
November 1952		Tsiang Tingfu
December 1952	France	Henri Hoppenot
January 1953	Greece	Alexis Kyrou
February 1953	Lebanon	Charles Malik
March 1953		Ahmed S. Bokhari
April 1953		Andrey Vyshinsky
May 1953		Gladwyn Jebb
June 1953	United States	Henry Cabot Lodge Jr.
July 1953		Rudecindo Ortega Masson
August 1953		Tsiang Tingfu
September 1953		Francisco José Urrutia Holguín
October 1953		William Borberg
November 1953	France	Henri Hoppenot
December 1953	Greece	Alexis Kyrou
January 1954	Lebanon	Charles Malik
February 1954		Leslie Munro
March 1954		Selim Sarper
April 1954		Andrey Vyshinsky
May 1954		Pierson Dixon
June 1954	United States	Henry Cabot Lodge Jr.
July 1954	Brazil	Ernesto Leme
August 1954		Tsiang Tingfu
September 1954		Francisco José Urrutia Holguín
October 1954		William Borberg
November 1954	France	Henri Hoppenot
December 1954	Lebanon	Charles Malik

1955–1959

Presidents from 1955 to 1959:^[15]

Dates	State	Name
January 1955		Leslie Munro
February 1955		Victor Belaunde
March 1955		Selim Sarper
April 1955		Arkady Sobolev
May 1955		Pierson Dixon
June 1955	United States	Henry Cabot Lodge Jr.
July 1955		Fernand van Langenhove
August 1955	Brazil	Cyro de Freitas Valle
September 1955		Tsiang Tingfu
October 1955	France	Henri Hoppenot
November 1955	Iran	Nasrollah Entezam
December 1955		Leslie Munro
January 1956		Victor Belaunde
February 1956		Arkady Sobolev
March 1956		Pierson Dixon
April 1956	United States	Henry Cabot Lodge Jr.
May 1956		Jože Brilej
June 1956		Edward Ronald Walker
July 1956		Josef Nisot
August 1956		Tsiang Tingfu
September 1956		Emilio Núñez Portuondo
October 1956	France	Christian Pineau, Bernard Cornut-Gentille, and Louis de Guiringaud
November 1956	Iran	Nasrollah Entezam
December 1956		Victor Belaunde
January 1957	Philippines	Carlos P. Romulo
February 1957		Gunnar Jarring
March 1957		Arkady Sobolev
April 1957		Pierson Dixon
May 1957	United States	Henry Cabot Lodge Jr.
June 1957		Edward Ronald Walker
July 1957		Tsiang Tingfu
August and September 1957		Francisco José Urrutia Holguín Emilio Núñez Portuondo
October 1957	France	Guillaume Georges-Picot
November 1957		Hashim Jawad
December 1957	Philippines	Carlos P. Romulo
January 1958		Gunnar Jarring
February 1958		Arkady Sobolev
March 1958		Pierson Dixon
April 1958	United States	Henry Cabot Lodge Jr.
May 1958	Canada	Charles Ritchie
June 1958		Tsiang Tingfu
July 1958		Alfonso Araújo Gaviria
August 1958	France	Guillaume Georges-Picot
September 1958		Hashim Jawad
October 1958	Japan	Koto Matsudaira
November 1958		Jorge Illueca
December 1958		Gunnar Jarring
January 1959	Tunisia	Mongi Slim
February 1959		Arkady Sobolev
March 1959		Pierson Dixon
April 1959	United States	Henry Cabot Lodge Jr.
May 1959		Mario Amadeo
June 1959	Canada	Charles Ritchie
July 1959		Tsiang Tingfu
August 1959	France	Armand Bérard
September 1959		Egidio Ortona
October 1959	Japan	Koto Matsudaira
November 1959		Jorge Illueca
December 1959	Tunisia	Mongi Slim

1960–1964

Presidents from 1960 to 1964:^[16]

Dates	State	Name
January 1960		Arkady Sobolev
February 1960		Pierson Dixon
March 1960	United States	Henry Cabot Lodge Jr.
April 1960		Mario Amadeo
May 1960		Claude Corea
June 1960		Tsiang Tingfu
July 1960	Ecuador	José A. Correa
August 1960	France	Armand Bérard
September 1960		Egidio Ortona
October 1960		Bohdan Lewandowski
November 1960	Tunisia	Mongi Slim
December 1960		Valerian Zorin
January 1961		Omar Loutfi
February 1961		Patrick Dean
March 1961		Adlai E. Stevenson
April 1961		T. B. Subasinghe
May 1961		Daniel Schweitzer
June 1961		Tsiang Tingfu and Y. C. Hsueh
July 1961	Ecuador	Leopoldo Benites
August 1961	France	Armand Bérard
September 1961	Liberia	Nathan Barnes
October 1961		Turgut Menemencioglu
November 1961		Valerian Zorin
December 1961		Omar Loutfi
January 1962		Patrick Dean
February 1962		Adlai E. Stevenson and Francis T. P. Plimpton
March 1962		Carlos Sosa Rodríguez
April 1962		Daniel Schweitzer
May 1962		Tsiang Tingfu
June 1962	France	Armand Bérard
July 1962		Alex Quaison-Sackey
August 1962		Frederick Boland
September 1962		Mihai Haseganu
October 1962		Platon Morozov and Valerian Zorin
November 1962		Mahmoud Riad
December 1962		Patrick Dean
January 1963		Adlai E. Stevenson
February 1963		Carlos Sosa-Rodriguez
March 1963	Brazil	Geraldo de Carvalho Silos
April 1963		Liu Chieh
May 1963	France	Roger Seydoux
June 1963		Alex Quaison-Sackey
July 1963		Ahmed Taibi Benhima
August 1963		Sievert A. Nielsen
September 1963		Jacinto Castel Borja
October 1963		Nikolai Fedorenko
November 1963		Patrick Dean
December 1963		Adlai E. Stevenson, Charles Yost, and Francis T. P. Plimpton
January 1964		Renan Castrillo Justiniano
February 1964	Brazil	Carlos A. Bernardes
March 1964		Liu Chieh
April 1964		Jiří Hájek
May 1964	France	Roger Seydoux
June 1964		Arsene A. Usher
July 1964		Ahmed Taibi Benhima
August 1964		Sievert A. Nielsen
September 1964		Platon D. Morozov
October 1964		Patrick Dean
November 1964		Adlai E. Stevenson
December 1964		Fernando Ortiz Sanz

1965–1969

Presidents from 1965 to 1969:^[16]

Dates	State	Name
January 1965		Liu Chieh
February 1965	France	Roger Seydoux
March 1965		Arsene Usher
April 1965		Abdul Monem Rifa'i
May 1965		Radhakrishna Ramani
June 1965		J. G. de Beus
July 1965		Platon Morozov
August 1965		Roger Jackling
September 1965		Arthur Goldberg
October 1965		Hector Payssé Reyes
November 1965		Fernando Ortiz Sanz
December 1965		Liu Chieh
January 1966	France	Roger Seydoux
February 1966	Japan	Akira Matsui
March 1966		Muhammed El-Farra
April 1966		Moussa Leo Keita
May 1966		J. G. de Beus
June 1966		Frank Corner
July 1966		Simeon Adebo
August 1966		Apollo Kironde
September 1966		Nikolai Fedorenko
October 1966		Hugh Foot, Baron Caradon and Roger Jackling
November 1966		Arthur Goldberg
December 1966		Pedro P. Berro
January 1967		Raúl Alberto Quijano
February 1967	Brazil	José Sette Câmara
March 1967	Bulgaria	Milko Tarabanov
April 1967		George Ignatieff
May 1967		Liu Chieh
June 1967		Hans Tabor
July 1967	Ethiopia	Endelkachew Makonnen
August 1967	France	Roger Seydoux
September 1967		Gopalaswami Parthasarathi
October 1967	Japan	Senjin Tsuruoka
November 1967		Mamadou Boubacar Kante
December 1967		Simeon Adebo
January 1968		Agha Shahi
February 1968		Miguel Solano Lopez
March 1968		Ousmane Socé
April 1968		Yakov Malik
May 1968		Hugh Foot, Baron Caradon
June 1968		Arthur Goldberg
July 1968		Tewfik Bouattoura
August 1968	Brazil	João Augusto de Araújo Castro
September 1968		George Ignatieff
October 1968		Liu Chieh
November 1968		Otto L. Borch
December 1968	Ethiopia	Endelkachew Makonnen
January 1969		Max Jakobson
February 1969	France	Armand Bérard
March 1969		Károly Csatorday
April 1969		Padma Bahadur Khatri
May 1969		Agha Shahi
June 1969		Miguel Solano Lopez
July 1969		Ibrahima Boye
August 1969	Spain	Jaime de Piniés
September 1969		Yakov Malik
October 1969		Hugh Foot, Baron Caradon
November 1969		Charles Yost
December 1969	Zambia	Vernon Mwaanga

1970–1974

Presidents from 1970 to 1974:^[17]

Dates	State	Name
January 1970	Burundi	Terence Nsanze
February 1970		Liu Chieh
March 1970		Joaquín Vallejo Arbeláez
April 1970		Max Jakobson
May 1970	France	Jacques Kosciusco-Morizet
June 1970		Padma Bahadur Khatri
July 1970	Nicaragua	Guillermo Sevilla Sacasa
August 1970		Eugeniusz Kułaga
September 1970		Davidson Nicol
October 1970	Spain	Jaime de Piniés
November 1970		George Tomeh
December 1970		Yakov Malik
January 1971		Colin Crowe
February 1971		Charles Woodruff Yost
March 1971		Carlos Ortiz de Rozas
April 1971		Edouard Longerstaey
May 1971	Burundi	Terence Nsanze
June 1971		Liu Chieh
July 1971	France	Jacques Kosciusco-Morizet
August 1971		Piero Vinci
September 1971	Japan	Toru Nakagawa
October 1971		Guillermo Sevilla Sacasa
November 1971		Eugeniusz Kułaga
December 1971		Ismail Byne Taylor-Kamara
January 1972		Abdulrahim Abby Farah and Umar Arteh Ghalib
February 1972		Mansour Khalid, Rahmatalla Abdalla, and Mohammed Fakhreddine
March 1972		Yakov Malik
April 1972		Colin Crowe
May 1972		George H. W. Bush
June 1972		Lazar Mojsov
July 1972		Carlos Ortiz de Rozas
August 1972		Edouard Longerstaey
September 1972		Huang Hua
October 1972	France	Louis de Guiringaud
November 1972		Jeanne-Martin Cissé
December 1972		Samar Sen
January 1973		Chaidir Anwar Sani
February 1973		Joseph Odero-Jowi
March 1973		Aquilino Boyd, Omar Torrijos, and Juan Antonio Tack
April 1973		Javier Pérez de Cuéllar
May 1973		Ramatalla Abdulla
June 1973		Yakov Malik
July 1973		Kenneth Jamieson and Colin Crowe
August 1973		John A. Scali
September 1973		Lazar Mojsov
October 1973		Laurence McIntyre
November 1973		Peter Jankowitsch
December 1973		Huang Hua
January 1974		Gonzalo Facio Segreda
February 1974	France	Louis de Guiringaud
March 1974		Chaidir Anwar Sani
April 1974	Iraq	Talib Shabib
May 1974		Charles Gatere Maina
June 1974		Moulaye El Hassen
July 1974		Javier Pérez de Cuéllar
August 1974		Yakov Malik
September 1974		Ivor Richard
October 1974	Cameroon	Michel Njine
November 1974		John A. Scali
December 1974		Laurence McIntyre

1975–1979

Presidents from 1975 to 1979:^[17]

Dates	State	Name
January 1975	Byelorussian SSR	Guerodot G. Tchernouchtchenko
February 1975		Huang Hua
March 1975		Gonzalo J. Facio and Fernando Salazar
April 1975	France	Louis de Guiringaud
May 1975		Shridath Ramphal
June 1975	Iraq	Abdul Karim Al-Shaikhly
July 1975		Eugenio Plaja
August 1975	Japan	Shizuo Saito
September 1975	Mauritania	Moulaye El Hassen
October 1975		Olof Rydbeck
November 1975		Yakov Malik
1–15, 17–31 December 1975		Ivor Richard
16 December 1975	Cameroon	Ferdinand Oyono
January 1976		Salim Ahmed Salim
February 1976		Daniel Patrick Moynihan
March 1976	Benin	Thomas S. Boya
April 1976		Huang Hua
May 1976	France	Louis de Guiringaud
June 1976		Rashleigh E. Jackson and Frederick R. Wills
July 1976		Piero Vinci
August 1976	Japan	Isao Abe
September 1976	Libya	Mansour Rashid El-Kikhia
October 1976		Iqbal A. Akhund
November 1976		Jorge Illueca
December 1976	Romania	Ion Datcu
January 1977		Oleg Troyanovsky
February 1977		James Murray
March 1977		Andrew Young
April 1977		Simón Alberto Consalvi
May 1977	Benin	Thomas S. Boya
June 1977		William Hickson Barton
July 1977		Chen Chu
August 1977	France	Jacques Leprette
September 1977		Rüdiger von Wechmar
October 1977		Rikhi Jaipal
November 1977	Libya	Mansour Rashid El-Kikhia
December 1977		Radha Krishna Ramphul and Harold E. Walter
January 1978		Joseph Nanven Garba and Leslie O. Harriman
February 1978		Oleg Troyanovsky
March 1978		Ivor Richard
April 1978		Andrew Young
May 1978		Ruben Carpio Castillo
June 1978		Mario Rolon Anaya
July 1978		William Hickson Barton
August 1978		Chen Chu
September 1978		Ilja Hulínský
October 1978	France	Jacques Leprette
November 1978		Léon N'Dong
December 1978		Rüdiger von Wechmar
January 1979		Donald O. Mills
February 1979		Abdalla Y. Bishara
March 1979		Leslie O. Harriman
April 1979		Ole Ålgård
May 1979		Vasco Futscher Pereira
June 1979		Oleg Troyanovsky
July 1979		Ivor Richard
August 1979		Andrew Young
September 1979	Zambia	Paul J. F. Lusaka
October 1979		Khwaja Mohammed Kaiser
November 1979		Sergio Palacios de Vizzio
December 1979		Chen Chu

1980–1984

Presidents from 1980 to 1984:^[18]

Dates	State	Name
January 1980	France	Jacques Leprette
February 1980		Peter Florin
March 1980		Donald O. Mills
April 1980		Porfirio Muñoz Ledo
May 1980		Ide Oumarou
June 1980		Ole Ålgård
July 1980	Philippines	Carlos P. Romulo
August 1980		Vasco Futscher Pereira
September 1980	Tunisia	Taieb Slim
October 1980		Oleg Troyanovsky
November 1980		Anthony Parsons
December 1980		Donald McHenry
January 1981		Ling Qing
February 1981	France	Jacques Leprette
March 1981		Peter Florin
April 1981		Noel Dorr
May 1981	Japan	Masahiro Nisibori
June 1981		Porfirio Muñoz Ledo
July 1981		Ide Oumarou
August 1981		Jorge Illueca
September 1981	Philippines	Carlos P. Romulo
October 1981		Jaime de Piniés
November 1981	Tunisia	Taieb Slim
December 1981		Olara Otunnu
January 1982		Oleg Troyanovsky
February 1982		Anthony Parsons
March 1982		Jeane Kirkpatrick
April 1982		Gérard Kamanda wa Kamanda
May 1982		Ling Qing
June 1982	France	Luc de la Barre de Nanteuil
July 1982		Noel G. Sinclair
August 1982		Noel Dorr
September 1982	Japan	Masahiro Nisibori
October 1982		Hazem Nuseibeh
November 1982		Carlos Ozores Typaldos
December 1982		Włodzimierz Natorf
January 1983		Atsu-Koffi Amega
February 1983		Oleg Troyanovsky
March 1983		John Adam Thomson
April 1983		Jeane Kirkpatrick
May 1983		Umba di Lutete and Gérard Kamanda wa Kamanda
June 1983		Elleck Mashingaidze
July 1983		Ling Qing
August 1983	France	Luc de la Barre de Nanteuil
September 1983		Noel G. Sinclair
October 1983		Abdullah Salah
November 1983		Victor J. Gauci
December 1983		Max van der Stoel
January 1984		Francisco Javier Chamorro Mora
February 1984		S. Shah Nawaz
March 1984		Javier Arias Stella
April 1984	Ukrainian SSR	Volodymyr O. Kravets
May 1984		Oleg Troyanovsky
June 1984		John Adam Thomson
July 1984		Jeane Kirkpatrick
August 1984	, from 4 August on as	Leandre Bassole
September 1984		Elleck Mashingaidze
October 1984		Basile Laerte Guissou and Leandre Bassole
November 1984		Ling Qing
December 1984		Ahmed Tawfik Khalil

1985–1989

Presidents from 1985 to 1989:^[18]

Dates	State	Name
January 1985	France	Claude de Kemoularia
February 1985		Natarajan Krishnan
March 1985		Blaise Rabetafika
April 1985		Javier Arias Stella
May 1985		Birabhongse Kasemsri and Siddhi Savetsila
June 1985		Errol Mahabir and D. H. N. Alleyne
July 1985	Ukrainian SSR	Hennadiy Udovenko
August 1985		Oleg Troyanovsky
September 1985		John Adam Thomson and Geoffrey Howe
October 1985		Herbert S. Okun and Vernon A. Walters
November 1985		Richard Woolcott
December 1985		Leandre Bassole
January 1986		Luye Li
February 1986	People's Republic of the Congo	Martin Adouki
March 1986		Ole Bierring
April 1986	France	Claude de Kemoularia
May 1986		James Victor Gbeho
June 1986		Blaise Rabetafika
July 1986		Birabhongse Kasemsri
August 1986		D. H. N. Alleyne
September 1986		Alexander Belonogov
October 1986		Mohammed Hussein Al Shaali
November 1986		John Adam Thomson
December 1986		Vernon A. Walters
January 1987		Andres Aguilar
February 1987	Zambia	Peter D. Zuze
March 1987		Marcelo Delpech
April 1987	Bulgaria	Boris Tsvetkov
May 1987		Jiahua Huang
June 1987	People's Republic of the Congo	Martin Adouki
July 1987	France	Jean-Bernard Raimond and Pierre-Louis Blanc
August 1987		Hans Werner Lautenschlager
September 1987		James Victor Gbeho
October 1987		Maurizio Bucci
November 1987	Japan	Kiyoaki Kikuchi
December 1987		Alexander Belonogov
January 1988		Crispin Tickell
February 1988		Herbert S. Okun and Vernon A. Walters
March 1988		Dragoslav Pejić
April 1988	Zambia	Peter D. Zuze
May 1988		Hocine Djoudi
June 1988		Marcelo Delpech
July 1988	Brazil	Paulo Nogueira Batista
August 1988		Li Luye
September 1988	France	Pierre-Louis Blanc
October 1988		Alexander Graf York von Wartenburg
November 1988		Mario Scialoja and G. Migliuolo
December 1988	Japan	H. Kagami
January 1989		Razali Ismail
February 1989		J. P. Rana
March 1989		A. C. Diallo
April 1989		Alexander Belonogov
May 1989		Crispin Tickell
June 1989		Thomas R. Pickering
July 1989		Dragoslav Pejić
August 1989		Hocine Djoudi
September 1989	Brazil	Paulo Nogueira Batista
October 1989		L. Yves Fortier
November 1989		Li Luye
December 1989		Enrique Peñalosa

1990–1994

Presidents from 1990 to 1994:^[19]

Dates	State	Name
January 1990	Cote d'Ivoire	Amara Essy
February 1990		Ricardo Alarcón
March 1990	People's Democratic Republic of Yemen	Abdullah Saleh al-Ashtal
April 1990	Ethiopia	Tesfaye Tadessa
May 1990		Klaus Törnudd
June 1990	France	Pierre-Louis Blanc
July 1990		Razali Ismail
August 1990		Aurel Dragoș Munteanu
September 1990		Yuli Mikhailovich Vorontsov and Eduard Shevardnadze
October 1990		David Hannay
November 1990		Thomas R. Pickering and James Baker
December 1990		Abdullah Saleh al-Ashtal
January 1991		Bagbeni Adeito Nzengeya
February 1991		Simbarashe Mumbengegwi
March 1991		Peter Hohenfellner
April 1991		Paul Noterdaeme
May 1991		Li Daoyu
June 1991	Cote d'Ivoire	Jean-Jacques Bechio
July 1991		Ricardo Alarcón
August 1991	Ecuador	José Ayala Lasso
September 1991	France	Jean-Bernard Mérimée and Roland Dumas
October 1991		Chinmaya Rajaninath Gharekhan
November 1991		Aurel Dragoș Munteanu
1–25 December 1991		Yuli Mikhailovich Vorontsov
26–31 December 1991
January 1992		David Hannay and John Major
February 1992		Thomas R. Pickering
March 1992		Diego Arria
April 1992		Simbarashe Mumbengegwi and Stanislaus Garikai Chigwedere
May 1992		Peter Hohenfellner
June 1992		Paul Noterdaeme
July 1992	Cape Verde	José Luís de Jesus
August 1992		Li Daoyu
September 1992	Ecuador	José Ayala Lasso
October 1992	France	Jean-Bernard Mérimée
November 1992		Andre Erdos
December 1992		Chinmaya Rajaninath Gharekhan
January 1993	Japan	Yoshio Hatano
February 1993		Ahmed Snoussi
March 1993		Terence Christopher O'Brien and Donald Charles McKinnon
April 1993		Jamsheed Marker
May 1993		Yuli Mikhailovich Vorontsov
June 1993		Juan Antonio Yáñez-Barnuevo
July 1993		David Hannay and —— Richardson
August 1993		Madeleine Albright
September 1993		Adolfo Taylhardat
October 1993		Ronaldo Mota Sardenberg
November 1993		José Luís de Jesus Li Zhaoxing
December 1993		Li Zhaoxing
January 1994		Karel Kovanda
February 1994		Roble Olhaye
March 1994	France	Jean-Bernard Mérimée
April 1994		Colin Keating and Donald Charles McKinnon
May 1994		Ibrahim Gambari and Baba Gana Kingibe
June 1994	Oman	Salim Bin Mohammed Al-Kussaiby
July 1994		Jamsheed Marker
August 1994		Yuli Mikhailovich Vorontsov
September 1994		Juan Antonio Yáñez-Barnuevo and Francisco Javier Solana de Madariaga
October 1994		David Hannay
November 1994		Madeleine Albright
December 1994	Rwanda	Manzi Bakuramutsa

1995–1999

Presidents from 1995 to 1999:^[19]

Dates	State	Name
January 1995		Emilio Cárdenas
February 1995		Joseph Legwaila and Mompati Merafhe
March 1995		Li Zhaoxing and Xuexian Wang
April 1995		Karel Kovanda and Alexandr Vondra
May 1995	France	Jean-Bernard Mérimée
June 1995		Detlev Graf zu Rantzau
July 1995	Honduras	Gerardo Martínez Blanco and Delmer Urbizio Panting
August 1995		Nugroho Wisnumurti
September 1995		Francesco Paolo Fulci and Susanna Agnelli
October 1995		Ibrahim Gambari
November 1995	Oman	Salim bin Mohammed Al-Khussaiby
December 1995		Sergey Lavrov
January 1996		John Weston
February 1996		Madeleine Albright
March 1996		Joseph Legwaila
April 1996		Juan Somavía
May 1996		Huasun Qin
June 1996		Nabil Elaraby
July 1996	France	Alain Dejammet
August 1996		Antonius Eitel
September 1996		Alfredo Lopes Cabral
October 1996	Honduras	Delmer Urbizio Panting and Gerardo Martínez Blanco
November 1996		Nugroho Wisnumurti
December 1996		Francesco Paolo Fulci
January 1997	Japan	Hisashi Owada
February 1997		Njuguna M. Mahugu
March 1997		Zbigniew M. Włosowicz
April 1997		António Monteiro
May 1997		Park Soo Gil and Chong Ha Yoo
June 1997		Sergey Lavrov
July 1997		Peter Osvald and Lena Hjelm-Wallén
August 1997		John Weston
September 1997		William B. Richardson and Madeleine Albright
October 1997		Juan Somavía
November 1997		Huasun Qin
December 1997		Fernando Berrocal Soto
January 1998	France	Alain Dejammet
February 1998		Casimir Oyé-Mba and Denis Dangue Réwaka
March 1998		Momodou Lamin Sedat Jobe and Abdoulie Momodou Sallah
April 1998	Japan	Hisashi Owada
May 1998		Njuguna Mahugu and Bonaya Godana
June 1998		António Monteiro and Jaime Gama
July 1998		Sergey Lavrov
August 1998		Danilo Türk
September 1998		Lena Hjelm-Wallén and Hans Dalgren
October 1998		Jeremy Greenstock
November 1998		Peter Burleigh
December 1998		Jassim Mohammed Buallay
January 1999		Celso Amorim
February 1999		Robert R. Fowler and Lloyd Axworthy
March 1999		Qin Huasun
April 1999	France	Alain Dejammet
May 1999		Denis Dangue Réwaka
June 1999		Baboucarr-Blaise Jagne
July 1999		Syed Hamid Albar and Agam Hasmy
August 1999		Martin Andjaba and Theo-Ben Gurirab
September 1999		Peter van Walsum and Jozias van Aartsen
October 1999		Sergey Lavrov
November 1999		Danilo Türk and Boris Frlec
December 1999		Jeremy Greenstock and Peter Hain

2000–2004

Presidents from 2000 to 2004:^[20]

Dates	State	Name
January 2000		Al Gore, Richard Holbrooke, and Madeleine Albright
February 2000		Arnoldo Manuel Listre and Adalberto Rodríguez Giavarini
March 2000		Anwarul Karim Chowdhury and Abdus Samad Azad
April 2000		Lloyd Axworthy and Robert Fowler
May 2000		Wang Yingfan
June 2000	France	Jean-David Levitte
July 2000		Patricia Durrant and Paul Robertson
August 2000		Agam Hasmy
September 2000		Moctar Ouane and Alpha Oumar Konaré
October 2000		Martin Andjaba and Theo-Ben Gurirab
November 2000		Peter van Walsum, Jozias van Aartsen, and Eveline Herfkens
December 2000		Sergey Lavrov
January 2001		Kishore Mahbubani and S. Jayakumar
February 2001		Said Ben Mustapha and Habib Ben Yahia
March 2001	Ukraine	Valeriy P. Kuchinsky, Volodymyr Yelchenko, and Anatoliy Zlenko
April 2001		Jeremy Greenstock
May 2001		James B. Cunningham
June 2001		Anwarul Karim Chowdhury and Abdus Samad Azad
July 2001		Wang Yingfan
August 2001		Guillermo Fernández de Soto and Alfonso Valdivieso Sarmiento
September 2001	France	Jean-David Levitte
October 2001		Richard Ryan and Brian Cowen
November 2001		Patricia Durrant, P. J. Patterson, and Keith D. Knight
December 2001		Moctar Ouane
January 2002		Jagdish Koonjul and Anil Gayan
February 2002		Adolfo Aguilar Zínser
March 2002		Ole Peter Kolby and Jan Petersen
April 2002		Sergey Lavrov
May 2002		Kishore Mahbubani and S. Jayakumar
June 2002		Mikhail Wehbe and Farouk al-Sharaa
July 2002		Jeremy Greenstock and Valerie Amos
August 2002		John Negroponte and James B. Cunningham
September 2002		Solomon Passy, Stefan Tafrov, Georgi Parvanov, and Rayko Strahilov Raytchev
October 2002		Martin Belinga Eboutou
November 2002		Zhang Yishan and Wang Yingfan
December 2002		Alfonso Valdivieso Sarmiento and Carolina Barco
January 2003	France	Jean-Marc de La Sablière and Dominique de Villepin
February 2003		Gunter Pleuger and Joschka Fischer
March 2003		François Lonseny Fall and Mamady Traore
April 2003		Adolfo Aguilar Zínser and Luis Ernesto Derbez
May 2003		Munir Akram and Khurshid Mahmud Kasuri
June 2003		Sergey Lavrov
July 2003		Inocencio Arias, Ana Menendez, and Ana Palacio
August 2003		Mikhail Wehbe and Faisal Meqdad
September 2003		Emyr Jones Parry and Jack Straw
October 2003		John Negroponte and James B. Cunningham
November 2003		Gaspar Martins
December 2003		Stefan Tafrov and Solomon Passy
January 2004		Heraldo Muñoz and Soledad Alvear
February 2004		Wang Guangya
March 2004	France	Jean-Marc de La Sablière and Pierre-André Wiltzer
April 2004		Gunter Pleuger and Kerstin Müller
May 2004		Munir Akram and Khurshid Mahmud Kasuri
June 2004		Lauro L. Baja Jr. and Delia Domingo-Albert
July 2004		Mihnea Motoc, Adrian Năstase, and Mircea Geoană
August 2004		Andrey Denisov
September 2004		Juan Antonio Yáñez-Barnuevo and Miguel Ángel Moratinos
October 2004		Emyr Jones Parry, Bill Rammell, and Adam Thomson
November 2004		John Danforth and Anne W. Patterson
December 2004		Abdallah Baali and Abdelaziz Belkhadem

2005–2009

Dates	State	Name
January 2005		César Mayoral and Rafael Bielsa
February 2005		Joel W. Adechi and Rogatien Biaou
March 2005		Ronaldo Mota Sardenberg
April 2005		Wang Guangya and Zhang Yishan
May 2005		Ellen Margrethe Løj, Lars Faaborg-Andersen, and Per Stig Møller
June 2005	France	Jean-Marc de La Sablière, Michel Duclos, and Brigitte Collet
July 2005		Adamantios Vassilakis^[21]
August 2005		Kenzo Oshima^[22]
September 2005		Lauro L. Baja Jr.^[23] and Bayani Mercado^[24]
October 2005		Mihnea Motoc^[25] and Mihai Răzvan Ungureanu^[26]
November 2005		Andrey Denisov^[27]
December 2005		Emyr Jones Parry^[28]
January 2006		Augustine P. Mahiga^[29]
February 2006		John R. Bolton^[30]
March 2006		César Mayoral^[31]
April 2006		Wang Guangya^[32]
May 2006		Basile Ikouébé^[33] and Pascal Gayama^[34]
June 2006		Ellen Margrethe Løj^[35]
July 2006	France	Jean-Marc de La Sablière^[36]
August 2006		Nana Effah-Apenteng^[37]
September 2006		Adamantios Vassilakis^[38]
October 2006		Kenzo Oshima^[39]
November 2006		Jorge Voto-Bernales^[40]
December 2006		Nassir Abdulaziz Al-Nasser^[41] and Mutlaq Majed al-Qahtani^[42]
January 2007		Vitaly Churkin^[43]
February 2007		Peter Burian^[44]
March 2007		Dumisani Kumalo^[45]
April 2007		Emyr Jones Parry^[46] and Karen Pierce^[47]
May 2007		Zalmay Khalilzad^[48] and Alejandro Daniel Wolff^[49]
June 2007		Johan C. Verbeke^[50]
July 2007		Wang Guangya^[51]
August 2007		Pascal Gayama^[52]
September 2007	France	Jean-Maurice Ripert^[53] and Bernard Kouchner^[54]
October 2007		Leslie K. Christian^[55]
November 2007		Marty Natalegawa^[56]
December 2007		Marcello Spatafora^[57]
January 2008	Libya	Giadalla Ettalhi^[58]
February 2008		Ricardo Alberto Arias^[59]
March 2008		Vitaly Churkin^[60]
April 2008		Dumisani Kumalo^[61]
May 2008		Karen Pierce^[62]
June 2008		Zalmay Khalilzad^[63] and Alejandro Daniel Wolff^[64]
July 2008		Lê Lương Minh^[65]
August 2008		Jan Grauls^[66]
September 2008		Michel Kafando,^[67] Blaise Compaoré and Alain Bédouma Yoda^[68]
October 2008		Zhang Yesui^[69] and Liu Zhenmin^[70]
November 2008		Jorge Urbina,^[71] Óscar Arias Sánchez, Saúl Weisleder,^[72] and Jorge Ballestero^[73]
December 2008		Neven Jurica,^[74] Stjepan Mesić,^[75] and Ivo Sanader^[76]
January 2009	France	Jean-Maurice Ripert,^[77] Bernard Kouchner,^[78] and Jean-Pierre Lacroix^[79]
February 2009		Yukio Takasu^[80]
March 2009	Libya	Ibrahim Dabbashi^[81] and Abdurrahman Mohamed Shalgham^[82]
April 2009		Claude Heller^[83] and Patricia Espinosa^[84]
May 2009		Vitaly Churkin^[85] and Sergey Lavrov^[86]
June 2009		Baki İlkin^[87] and Ahmet Davutoğlu^[88]
July 2009		Ruhakana Rugunda^[89] and Sam Kutesa^[90]
August 2009		John Sawers^[91]
September 2009		Susan Rice,^[92] Barack Obama,^[93] Rosemary DiCarlo,^[94] and Hillary Clinton^[95]
October 2009		Lê Lương Minh^[96]
November 2009		Thomas Mayr-Harting^[97]
December 2009		Michel Kafando^[98]

2010–2014

Dates	State	Name
January 2010		Zhang Yesui^[99]
February 2010	France	Gérard Araud^[100]
March 2010		Emmanuel Issoze-Ngondet^[101]
April 2010		Yukio Takasu^[102]
May 2010		Nawaf Salam^[103]
June 2010		Claude Heller^[104]
July 2010		Joy Ogwu^[105]
August 2010		Vitaly Churkin^[106]
September 2010		Ertuğrul Apakan,^[107] Abdullah Gül,^[108] and Ahmet Davutoğlu^[109]
October 2010		Ruhakana Rugunda^[110]
November 2010		Mark Lyall Grant^[111]
December 2010		Susan Rice^[112] and Brooke D. Anderson^[113]
January 2011		Ivan Barbalić^[114]
February 2011		Maria Luiza Ribeiro Viotti^[115]
March 2011		Li Baodong^[116]
April 2011		Juan Manuel Santos^[117] and Néstor Osorio Londoño^[118]
May 2011	France	Gérard Araud^[119]
June 2011		Ali Bongo Ondimba,^[120] Alfred Moungara Moussotsi,^[121] and Emmanuel Issoze-Ngondet
July 2011		Peter Wittig^[122] and Guido Westerwelle^[123]
August 2011		Hardeep Singh Puri^[124]
September 2011		Nawaf Salam,^[125] Michel Suleiman,^[126] and Najib Mikati
October 2011		Joy Ogwu^[127]
November 2011		José Filipe Moraes Cabral^[128]
December 2011		Vitaly Churkin^[129]
January 2012		Baso Sangqu^[130]
February 2012		Kodjo Menan^[131]
March 2012		Mark Lyall Grant^[132]
April 2012		Susan Rice^[133]
May 2012		Agshin Mehdiyev^[134] and Ilham Aliyev^[135]
June 2012		Li Baodong^[136] and Wang Min^[137]
July 2012		Néstor Osorio Londoño^[138]
August 2012	France	Gérard Araud^[139]
September 2012		Peter Wittig^[140]
October 2012		Gert Rosenthal^[141] and Harold Caballeros^[142]
November 2012		Hardeep Singh Puri^[143]
December 2012		Mohammed Loulichki^[144] and Saad-Eddine El Othmani^[145]
January 2013		Masood Khan^[146] and Hina Rabbani Khar^[147]
February 2013		Kim Sook^[148] and Kim Sung-hwan^[149]
March 2013		Vitaly Churkin^[150]
April 2013		Eugène-Richard Gasana^[151] and Louise Mushikiwabo^[152]
May 2013		Kodjo Menan^[153]
June 2013		Mark Lyall Grant^[154]
July 2013		Rosemary DiCarlo^[155]
August 2013		María Perceval^[156] and Agustín Rossi^[157]
September 2013		Gary Quinlan^[158] and Julie Bishop^[159]
October 2013		Agshin Mehdiyev^[160] and Elmar Mammadyarov^[161]
November 2013		Liu Jieyi^[162]
December 2013	France	Gérard Araud^[163] and Alexis Lamek^[164]
January 2014		Zeid Ra'ad Zeid Al-Hussein^[165]
February 2014		Raimonda Murmokaitė^[166] and Linas Antanas Linkevičius^[167]
March 2014		Sylvie Lucas^[168]
April 2014		Joy Ogwu^[169]
May 2014		Oh Joon^[170]
June 2014	Russian Federation	Vitaly Churkin^[171]
July 2014		Eugène-Richard Gasana^[172]
August 2014		Mark Lyall Grant^[173]
September 2014		Samantha Power^[174]
October 2014		María Cristina Perceval^[175]
November 2014		Gary Quinlan^[176]
December 2014		Mahamat Zene Cherif^[177]

2015–2019

Dates	State	Name
January 2015		Cristian Barros^[178]
February 2015		Liu Jieyi^[179]
March 2015	France	François Delattre^[180]
April 2015		Dina Kawar^[181]
May 2015		Raimonda Murmokaitė^[182]
June 2015		Ramlan Bin Ibrahim^[183]
July 2015		Gerard van Bohemen^[184]
August 2015		Joy Ogwu^[185]
September 2015		Vitaly Churkin^[186]
October 2015		Román Oyarzun Marchesi^[187]
November 2015		Matthew Rycroft^[188]
December 2015		Samantha Power^[189]
January 2016		Elbio Rosselli^[190]
February 2016		Rafael Ramírez Carreño^[191]
March 2016		Gaspar Martins^[192]
April 2016		Liu Jieyi^[193]
May 2016		Amr Abdellatif Aboulatta^[194]
June 2016	France	François Delattre^[195]
July 2016		Koro Bessho^[196]
August 2016		Ramlan Bin Ibrahim^[197] and Ahmad Zahid Hamidi^[198]
September 2016		Gerard van Bohemen^[199] and John Key^[200]
October 2016		Vitaly Churkin^[201]
November 2016		Fodé Seck^[202]
December 2016		Román Oyarzun Marchesi^[203]
January 2017		Olof Skoog^[204]
February 2017		Volodymyr Yelchenko^[205]
March 2017		Matthew Rycroft^[206]
April 2017		Nikki Haley
May 2017		Elbio Rosselli
June 2017		Sacha Llorenty^[207]
July 2017		Liu Jieyi
August 2017		Amr Abdellatif Aboulatta^[208]
September 2017		Tekeda Alemu^[209]
October 2017	France	François Delattre^[210]
November 2017		Sebastiano Cardi^[211]
December 2017		Koro Bessho^[212]
January 2018		Kairat Umarov^[213]
February 2018		Mansour Ayyad Al-Otaibi^[214]
March 2018
April 2018		Gustavo Meza-Cuadra^[216]
May 2018		Joanna Wronecka, Andrzej Duda and Jacek Czaputowicz^[217]
June 2018		Vasily Nebenzya^[218]
July 2018		Olof Skoog^[219]
August 2018		Karen Pierce^[220]
September 2018		Nikki Haley,^[221] Donald Trump, Mike Pompeo
October 2018		Sacha Llorenty^[222]
November 2018		Ma Zhaoxu
December 2018		Kacou Houadja Léon Adom,^[223] Alassane Ouattara^[224]
January 2019		José Singer W.,^[225] Danilo Medina
February 2019		Anatolio Ndong Mba,^[226] Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo^[227]
March 2019	France	François Delattre^[228]
April 2019		Christoph Heusgen^[229]
May 2019		Dian Triansyah Djani,^[230] Retno Marsudi^[231]
June 2019		Mansour Al-Otaibi, Sabah Al-Khalid Al-Sabah^[232]
July 2019		Gustavo Meza-Cuadra, Néstor Bardales^[233]
August 2019		Joanna Wronecka
September 2019		Vasily Nebenzya^[234]
October 2019		Jerry Matthews Matjila
November 2019		Karen Pierce
December 2019		Kelly Craft^[235]

2020–2024

Dates	State	Name
January 2020		Đặng Đình Quý^[236] and Phạm Bình Minh^[237]
February 2020		Marc Pecsteen de Buytswerve^[238]
March 2020		Zhang Jun^[239]
April 2020		José Singer Weisinger^[240]
May 2020		Sven Jürgenson^[241]
June 2020	France	Nicolas de Rivière^[242]
July 2020		Christoph Heusgen^[243]
August 2020		Dian Triansyah Djani^[244]
September 2020		Abdou Abarry^[245]
October 2020		Vasily Nebenzya^[246]
November 2020		Inga Rhonda King^[247]
December 2020		Jerry Matthews Matjila^[248]
January 2021		Tarek Ladeb^[249]
February 2021		Barbara Woodward^[250]
March 2021		Linda Thomas-Greenfield^[251]
April 2021		Đặng Đình Quý, Nguyễn Xuân Phúc and Bùi Thanh Sơn^[252]
May 2021		Zhang Jun
June 2021		Sven Jürgenson
July 2021		Nicolas de Rivière and Jean-Yves Le Drian
August 2021		T. S. Tirumurti and S. Jaishankar
September 2021		Geraldine Byrne Nason, Micheál Martin and Simon Coveney
October 2021		Martin Kimani and Raychelle Omamo
November 2021		Juan Ramón de la Fuente Ramírez, Marcelo Ebrard and Andrés Manuel López Obrador
December 2021		Abdou Abarry
January 2022		Mona Juul and Anniken Huitfeldt
February 2022		Vasily Nebenzya
March 2022		Lana Zaki Nusseibeh
April 2022		Barbara Woodward
May 2022		Linda Thomas-Greenfield
June 2022		Ferit Hoxha, Olta Xhaçka and Edi Rama
July 2022		Ronaldo Costa Filho
August 2022		Zhang Jun
September 2022		Nicolas de Rivière and Catherine Colonna
October 2022		Michel Xavier Biang and Michael Moussa-Adamo
November 2022		Harold Adlai Agyeman
December 2022		Ruchira Kamboj
January 2023		Ishikane Kimihiro
February 2023		Vanessa Frazier
March 2023		Pedro Comissário Afonso
April 2023		Vasily Nebenzya
May 2023		Pascale Baeriswyl
June 2023		Lana Zaki Nusseibeh
July 2023		Barbara Woodward
August 2023		Linda Thomas-Greenfield
September 2023		Ferit Hoxha, Edi Rama
October 2023		Sérgio França Danese
November 2023		Zhang Jun
December 2023		José de la Gasca^[253]
January 2024		Nicolas de Rivière^[254]
February 2024		Carolyn Rodrigues-Birkett^[255]
March 2024		Yamazaki Kazuyuki^[256]
April 2024		Vanessa Frazier^[257]
May 2024		Pedro Comissário Afonso^[258]
June 2024		Hwang Joon-kook^[259]
July 2024		Vasily Nebenzya^[260]
August 2024		Michael Imran Kanu^[261]
September 2024		Boštjan Malovrh
October 2024
November 2024
December 2024

2025–2029

Dates	State	Name
January 2025
February 2025
March 2025
April 2025
May 2025
June 2025
July 2025
August 2025
September 2025
October 2025
November 2025
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Unusual circumstances

In 1961, the United Arab Republic (then a union of Egypt and Syria) was elected to the Security Council. Syria seceded from the union while it was still on the Security Council, but Egypt's official UN name remained the United Arab Republic and it was unaffected.

In August 1984, Upper Volta changed its name to Burkina Faso while president of the Security Council. The rest of its term was unaffected and rotated normally to Zimbabwe in September 1984. Afterward, Burkina Faso was first in English alphabetical order and it became president of the Security Council for a second time that year in October 1984.

In March 1990, South Yemen (officially the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen under D) served as president of the Security Council. Yemeni unification with North Yemen took place in May 1990, with both Yemens being treated as successor states under the name Yemen. After the term of the United States rotated out in November 1990, Yemen served as president of the Security Council for a second time that year in December 1990.

In December 1991, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics officially changed its name to the Russian Federation while president of the Security Council. By coincidence, the alphabetical order was unaffected, the surrounding members being Romania and the United Kingdom.

Rwanda was elected to the Security Council in 1994 and was due to serve its term as president in September 1994; however, its government was overthrown in July 1994 and the replacement government did not appoint a United Nations representative in August 1994. As a result, its term was temporarily skipped and Spain (which was due to serve in October) served in September instead. Rwanda would serve its term at the end of that alphabetical rotation.^[262]

See also

• President of the United Nations General Assembly
• President of the United Nations Economic and Social Council

Bibliography

• Book: Bailey . Sydney Dawson . Daws . Sam . 1998 . 3rd . The Procedure of the UN Security Council . New York . Oxford University Press . 0-19-828073-4.
• Book: Kelsen, Hans . Hans Kelsen . 1950 . The Law of the United Nations: A Critical Analysis of Its Fundamental Problems . New York . F.A. Praeger.
• Book: Luck, Edward C. . 2006 . The UN Security Council: A Primer . New York . Routledge . 0-415-35531-1.
• Book: Paths to peace: the UN Security Council and its presidency. 1981. Pergamon Press. 978-0-08-026322-9. Nicol. Davidson. en. none.
  • Book: Nicol, Davidson. Paths to Peace: The UN Security Council and Its Presidency. Pergamon Press. 1981. 978-0-08-026322-9. Nicol. Davidson. 3–36. The Security Council.
  • Book: Bailey, Syndey D.. Paths to Peace: The UN Security Council and Its Presidency. Pergamon Press. 1981. 978-0-08-026322-9. Nicol. Davidson. 37–47. The Evolution of the Practice of the Security Council.
  • Book: Chai, F. Y.. The Scope of Consensus. Pergamon Press. 1981. 978-0-08-026322-9. Nicol. Davidson. 48–64. The Evolution of the Practice of the Security Council.
  • Book: Bishara, Abdalla. The Scope of Consensus. Pergamon Press. 1981. 978-0-08-026322-9. Nicol. Davidson. 67–73. The Vietnam-China-Kampuchea [Cambodia] Conflict, 1979.
• Pogany. Istvan. 1982. The Role of the President of the U. N. Security Council. The International and Comparative Law Quarterly. 31. 2. 231–245. 10.1093/iclqaj/31.2.231. 759131. 0020-5893.
• Book: Sievers. Loraine. The procedure of the UN Security Council. Daws. Sam. 2015. 10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199685295.001.0001. 978-0-19-180374-1. en. 1013608149.

External links

• UN Security Council Presidency, official website
• Presidents of the Security Council in ..., United Nations Documentation, un.org

Notes and References

1. Web site: Security Council Presidency United Nations Security Council. 2021-03-07. www.un.org.
2. Provisional Rules of Procedure of the United Nations Security Council, Chapter I, Rules 1 and 2
3. Provisional Rules of Procedure of the United Nations Security Council, Chapter II, Rule 7
4. Provisional Rules of Procedure of the United Nations Security Council, Chapter IV, Rule 19
5. Web site: UN Security Council: Presidential Statements 2008 . 29 June 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120811210203/http://www.un.org/Docs/sc/unsc_pres_statements08.htm . 11 August 2012 . live .
6. Web site: Notes by the president of the Security Council . 29 June 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120330212749/http://www.un.org/Docs/sc/notes/PresidentialNotesEng.htm . 30 March 2012 . live .
7. Web site: UN Security Council: Presidential Statements 2008. United Nations. 9 June 2012.
8. News: Crossette. Barbara. Gore Presides Over Rare Security Council Debate on AIDS. 11 January 2000. The New York Times. 25 April 2020. 0362-4331.
9. Web site: President Obama Chairs the U.N. Security Council Meeting on Foreign Terrorist Fighters. 24 September 2014. White House. 26 April 2020.
10. Provisional Rules of Procedure of the United Nations Security Council, Chapter III, rule 13
11. [United Nations Charter]
12. Provisional Rules of Procedure of the United Nations Security Council, Chapter IV, rule 18
13. Web site: Presidents (1990-1999) : Security Council (SC) : United Nations (UN) . https://web.archive.org/web/20121018015052/http://www.un.org/Depts/dhl/resguide/scpres1990.htm . 18 October 2012 .
14. https://www.un.org/depts/dhl/resguide/scpres1940.htm Presidents of the Security Council : 1946–1949
15. https://www.un.org/depts/dhl/resguide/scpres1950.htm Presidents of the Security Council : 1950–1959
16. https://www.un.org/depts/dhl/resguide/scpres1960.htm Presidents of the Security Council : 1960–1969
17. https://www.un.org/depts/dhl/resguide/scpres1970.htm Presidents of the Security Council : 1970–1979
18. https://www.un.org/depts/dhl/resguide/scpres1980.htm Presidents of the Security Council : 1980–1989
19. https://www.un.org/depts/dhl/resguide/scpres1990.htm Presidents of the Security Council : 1990–1999
20. https://www.un.org/depts/dhl/resguide/scpres2000.htm Presidents of the Security Council : 2000–
21. Web site: Security Council Press Statement On London Terrorist Attack . United Nations . 26 December 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130117154020/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2005/sc8439.doc.htm . 17 January 2013 . live .
22. Web site: Press Statement By Security Council President On Assassination Of Sri Lanka'S Foreign Minister . United Nations . 26 December 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130421092344/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2005/sc8474.doc.htm . 21 April 2013 . live .
23. Web site: PRESS STATEMENT BY PRESIDENT OF SECURITY COUNCIL ON 14 SEPTEMBER MEETING . United Nations . 14 September 2005 . 26 December 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130117175157/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2005/sc8490.doc.htm . 17 January 2013 . live .
24. Web site: Press Statement On Guinea-Bissau By Security Council President . United Nations . 22 September 2005 . 26 December 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130117175715/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2005/sc8507.doc.htm . 17 January 2013 . live .
25. Web site: Press Statement On Liberian Elections By Security Council President . United Nations . 14 October 2005 . 26 December 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121102175022/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2005/sc8525.doc.htm . 2 November 2012 . live .
26. Web site: Security Council Press Statement On Iraq . United Nations . 26 December 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121102175027/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2005/sc8528.doc.htm . 2 November 2012 . live .
27. Web site: Security Council Press Statement On Ethiopia And Eritrea . United Nations . 26 December 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121102175032/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2005/sc8547.doc.htm . 2 November 2012 . live .
28. Web site: Security Council Press Statement On Remarks By Iran'S President . United Nations . 9 December 2005 . 26 December 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121102175036/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2005/sc8576.doc.htm . 2 November 2012 . live .
29. Web site: Security Council Press Statement On Work Of Commission Investigating Killing Of Former Lebanese Prime Minister Hariri . United Nations . 17 January 2006 . 26 December 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121102175041/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2006/sc8609.doc.htm . 2 November 2012 . live .
30. Web site: Press Statement On Haiti By Security Council President . United Nations . 26 December 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121102175045/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2006/sc8642.doc.htm . 2 November 2012 . live .
31. Web site: Security Council Press Statement On Ethiopia And Eritrea . United Nations . 26 December 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121102175051/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2006/sc8656.doc.htm . 2 November 2012 . live .
32. Web site: Press Statement On Chad, Darfur By Security Council President . United Nations . 26 December 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130117175015/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2006/sc8690.doc.htm . 17 January 2013 . live .
33. Web site: Press Statement On Afghanistan Terror Attack By Security Council President . United Nations . 26 December 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130421090820/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2006/sc8720.doc.htm . 21 April 2013 . live .
34. Web site: Press Statement By Security Council President On Democratic Republic Of Congo . United Nations . 30 May 2006 . 26 December 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130102214617/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2006/sc8731.doc.htm . 2 January 2013 . live .
35. Web site: SECURITY COUNCIL PRESS STATEMENT CONCERNING 3 JUNE ATTACK ON RUSSIAN FEDERATION'S BAGHDAD DIPLOMATS . United Nations . 26 December 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130421092400/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2006/sc8738.doc.htm . 21 April 2013 . live .
36. Web site: Security Council Press Statement On Central African Republic . United Nations . 26 December 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121102175117/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2006/sc8771.doc.htm . 2 November 2012 . live .
37. Web site: Security Council Press Statement On Democratic Republic Of Congo . United Nations . 26 December 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130117175720/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2006/sc8814.doc.htm . 17 January 2013 . live .
38. Web site: Security Council Press Statement On Afghanistan . United Nations . 11 September 2006 . 26 December 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130421090825/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2006/sc8825.doc.htm . 21 April 2013 . live .
39. Web site: Security Council Press Statement On Afghanistan . United Nations . 9 October 2006 . 26 December 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121102175138/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2006/sc8850.doc.htm . 2 November 2012 . live .
40. Web site: Security Council Press Statement On Situation In Haiti . United Nations . 16 November 2006 . 26 December 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121102175143/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2006/sc8868.doc.htm . 2 November 2012 . live .
41. Web site: Security Council Press Statement On Fiji . 29 June 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121102175154/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2006/sc8894.doc.htm . 2 November 2012 . live .
42. Web site: Security Council Press Statement On Darfur . 29 June 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121102175201/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2006/sc8931.doc.htm . 2 November 2012 . live .
43. Web site: Press Conference By Security Council President . 29 June 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121102175207/http://www.un.org/News/briefings/docs/2007/070103_Churkin.doc.htm . 2 November 2012 . live .
44. Web site: Security Council Press Statement On Somalia . 29 June 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20070214042546/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2007/sc8947.doc.htm . 14 February 2007 . live .
45. Web site: Security Council Press Statement On Côte D'Ivoire . 29 June 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121102175214/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2007/sc8970.doc.htm . 2 November 2012 . live .
46. Web site: Security Council Press Statement On Timor-Leste . 29 June 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121102175219/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2007/sc8994.doc.htm . 2 November 2012 . live .
47. Web site: Security Council Press Statement On Sudan . 29 June 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121102175225/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2007/sc8999.doc.htm . 2 November 2012 . live .
48. Web site: Security Council Press Statement On Ethiopia, Eritrea . 29 June 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121102175230/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2007/sc9014.doc.htm . 2 November 2012 . live .
49. Web site: Security Council Press Statement On Haiti . 29 June 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121102175234/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2007/sc9032.doc.htm . 2 November 2012 . live .
50. Web site: Security Council Press Statement On Iraq-Kuwait . 29 June 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121102175238/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2007/sc9035.doc.htm . 2 November 2012 . live .
51. Web site: Security Council Press Statement On Central African Republic . 29 June 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121102175245/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2007/sc9069.doc.htm . 2 November 2012 . live .
52. Web site: Security Council Press Statement On Darfur . 29 June 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121102175253/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2007/sc9094.doc.htm . 2 November 2012 . live .
53. Web site: Security Council Press Statement On Democratic Republic Of Congo . 29 June 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130102213321/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2007/sc9113.doc.htm . 2 January 2013 . live .
54. Web site: Security Council Press Statement On Lebanon . 29 June 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121102175305/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2007/sc9130.doc.htm . 2 November 2012 . live .
55. Web site: Security Council Press Statement On Côte D'Ivoire . 29 June 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121102175311/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2007/sc9152.doc.htm . 2 November 2012 . live .
56. Web site: Security Council Press Statement On Afghanistan Attack . 29 June 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130421092410/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2007/sc9166.doc.htm . 21 April 2013 . live .
57. Web site: Security Council Press Statement On Iraq-Kuwait . 29 June 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121102175327/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2007/sc9194.doc.htm . 2 November 2012 . live .
58. Web site: Security Council Press Statement On Central African Republic, Chad . 29 June 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121102175334/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2008/sc9221.doc.htm . 2 November 2012 . live .
59. Web site: Security Council Press Statement On Ethiopia And Eritrea . 29 June 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121102175340/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2008/sc9240.doc.htm . 2 November 2012 . live .
60. Web site: Security Council Press Statement On Darfur . 29 June 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121102175349/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2008/sc9272.doc.htm . 2 November 2012 . live .
61. Web site: Security Council Press Statement On Haiti . 29 June 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121102175437/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2008/sc9293.doc.htm . 2 November 2012 . live .
62. Web site: Security Council Press Statement On Burundi . 29 June 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130102213012/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2008/sc9339.doc.htm . 2 January 2013 . live .
63. Web site: Security Council Press Statement On Iraq . 29 June 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121102175451/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2008/sc9358.doc.htm . 2 November 2012 . live .
64. Web site: Security Council Press Statement On Iraq-Kuwait . 29 June 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121102175457/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2008/sc9375.doc.htm . 2 November 2012 . live .
65. Web site: Security Council Press Statement On Kabul Bomb Attack . 29 June 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130927124611/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2008/sc9386.doc.htm . 27 September 2013 . live .
66. Web site: Security Council Press Statement On Terrorist Attack In Lebanon . 29 June 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130421092425/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2008/sc9422.doc.htm . 21 April 2013 . live .
67. Web site: Security Council Strongly Condemns Deadly Terrorist Attack In Lebanon . 29 June 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130421090845/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2008/sc9444.doc.htm . 21 April 2013 . live .
68. Web site: Secretary-General, Former Top Special Adviser Join High-Level Meeting As Security Council Stresses Importance Of Mediation In Peaceful Settlement Of Disputes . 29 June 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121109075059/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2008/sc9452.doc.htm . 9 November 2012 . live .
69. Web site: Security Council Presidency by China in October 2008 . 18 September 2009 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120421120347/http://www.mfa.gov.cn/ce/ceun/eng/zt/scchina200810/t516191.htm . 21 April 2012 . live .
70. Web site: Build On Positive Trends To Reverse Deteriorating Situation In Afghanistan, Says Secretary-General'S Special Representative While Briefing Security Council . 29 June 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121102181343/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2008/sc9472.doc.htm . 2 November 2012 . live .
71. Web site: Security Council Press Statement On Guinea-Bissau . 29 June 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121102181349/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2008/sc9506.doc.htm . 2 November 2012 . live .
72. Web site: Security Council Press Statement On Somalia . 29 June 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121102181402/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2008/sc9508.doc.htm . 2 November 2012 . live .
73. Web site: Security Council Press Statement On Guinea-Bissau . 29 June 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121102181451/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2008/sc9510.doc.htm . 2 November 2012 . live .
74. Web site: Security Council Press Statement On United Nations Regional Centre For Preventive Diplomacy For Central Asia . 29 June 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121102181527/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2008/sc9528.doc.htm . 2 November 2012 . live .
75. Web site: SECURITY COUNCIL, EXPRESSING DEEP CONCERN OVER 'CONTINUOUS TERRORIST ATTACKS', CALLS FOR RENEWAL OF GLOBAL SOLIDARITY AGAINST THREAT MANIFESTED AFTER 9/11 . 29 June 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121109103208/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2008/sc9524.doc.htm . 9 November 2012 . live .
76. Web site: Adopting Text On Middle East Conflict, Security Council Reaffirms Support For Annapolis Outcomes, Declares Negotiations 'Irreversible' . 29 June 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20141006013038/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2008/sc9539.doc.htm . 6 October 2014 . live .
77. Web site: Security Council Press Statement On Lord'S Resistance Army . 29 June 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140106034348/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2009/sc9576.doc.htm . 6 January 2014 . live .
78. Web site: As Security Council Meets On Gaza, Secretary-General Calls For Swift Ceasefire, Says 'We Must Move From Debate To Action, And Must Do So Immediately' . 29 June 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140602113118/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2009/sc9563.doc.htm . 2 June 2014 . live .
79. Web site: Briefing Security Council, High Commissioner For Refugees Says Situations In Iraq, Somalia Key To Rising Numbers Of Displaced Persons Worldwide . 29 June 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121108202448/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2009/sc9566.doc.htm . 8 November 2012 . live .
80. Web site: Security Council Press Statement On Iraq Elections . 29 June 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121102181558/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2009/sc9587.doc.htm . 2 November 2012 . live .
81. Web site: Security Council Press Statement On Special Tribunal For Lebanon . 29 June 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121102181617/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2009/sc9606.doc.htm . 2 November 2012 . live .
82. Web site: Security Council Press Statement On Somalia . 29 June 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130309175645/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2009/sc9621.doc.htm . 9 March 2013 . live .
83. Web site: Security Council Press Statement On Democratic Republic Of Congo . 29 June 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121108202002/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2009/sc9633.doc.htm . 8 November 2012 . live .
84. Web site: SECURITY COUNCIL REAFFIRMS COMMITMENT TO ADDRESS WIDESPREAD IMPACT OF ARMED CONFLICT ON CHILDREN, AFTER HEARING OVER 60 SPEAKERS IN DAY-LONG DEBATE . 29 June 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120416120438/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2009/sc9646.doc.htm . 16 April 2012 . live .
85. Web site: Security Council Press Statement On Sri Lanka . 29 June 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121102181713/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2009/sc9659.doc.htm . 2 November 2012 . live .
86. Web site: Security Council Presidential Statement Reiterates Urgent Need For Renewed Efforts To Achieve Comprehensive Peace In Middle East . 29 June 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121108203914/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2009/sc9655.doc.htm . 8 November 2012 . live .
87. Web site: Security Council Press Statement On Burundi . 29 June 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121102181722/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2009/sc9676.doc.htm . 2 November 2012 . live .
88. Web site: Security Council Commends Iraq On Important Efforts To Strengthen Democracy, Improve Security, Combat Sectarian Violence, In Presidential Statement . 29 June 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121108204044/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2009/sc9684.doc.htm . 8 November 2012 . live .
89. Web site: Security Council Press Statement On United Nations Organization Mission In Democratic Republic Of The Congo . 29 June 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140802232335/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2009/sc9703.doc.htm . 2 August 2014 . live .
90. Web site: Security Council Presidential Statement Stresses Importance Of Launching Peacebuilding Efforts In Immediate Post-Conflict Period . 29 June 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121108200650/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2009/sc9712.doc.htm . 8 November 2012 . live .
91. Web site: Security Council Press Statement On Afghanistan Elections . 29 June 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121102181838/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2009/sc9734.doc.htm . 2 November 2012 . live .
92. Web site: Security Council Expresses Concern at Delay in Publication of Provisional Voters List for 29 November Presidential Election in Côte d'Ivoire . 29 June 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121108203905/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2009/sc9750.doc.htm . 8 November 2012 . live .
93. Web site: President Obama Chairs the U.N. Security Council Meeting on Foreign Terrorist Fighters . 24 September 2014 . 26 February 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190226172719/https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/blog/2014/09/24/president-obama-chairs-un-security-council-meeting-foreign-terrorist-fighters . 26 February 2019 . live .
94. Web site: Decisions on Forming Effective Government in Afghanistan Will Determine Prospects for Ending Conflict, Top Official Tells Security Council in Briefing . 29 June 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121108200655/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2009/sc9751.doc.htm . 8 November 2012 . live .
95. Web site: Security Council Adopts Text Mandating Peacekeeping Missions to Protect Women, Girls from Sexual Violence in Armed Conflict . 29 June 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20141003214814/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2009/sc9753.doc.htm . 3 October 2014 . live .
96. Web site: Security Council Press Statement on the Kabul Bomb Attack . 29 June 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130421091827/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2009/sc9763.doc.htm . 21 April 2013 . live .
97. Web site: Security Council Press Statement on Elections in Afghanistan . 29 June 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140810223206/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2009/sc9784.doc.htm . 10 August 2014 . live .
98. Web site: Security Council, in Statement, Condemns 3 December Terrorist Attack in Somalia . 29 June 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121102181853/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2009/sc9802.doc.htm . 2 November 2012 . live .
99. Web site: Security Council Press Statement on Haiti Earthquake . 29 June 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121102181900/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2010/sc9842.doc.htm . 2 November 2012 . live .
100. Web site: Security Council Press Statement on Afghanistan Conference in London . 29 June 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121102181925/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2010/sc9858.doc.htm . 2 November 2012 . live .
101. Web site: Security Council Press Statement on Côte d'Ivoire . 29 June 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121102181944/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2010/sc9882.doc.htm . 2 November 2012 . live .
102. Web site: Security Council Press Statement on Guinea-Bissau . 29 June 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140702105314/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2010/sc9900.doc.htm . 2 July 2014 . live .
103. Web site: Security Council Press Statement on Darfur . 29 June 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121102182057/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2010/sc9920.doc.htm . 2 November 2012 . live .
104. Web site: Security Council Press Statement on Iraq Election Certification . 29 June 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121102182102/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2010/sc9943.doc.htm . 2 November 2012 . live .
105. Web site: Security Council Press Statement on Situation in Lebanon . 29 June 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121102182129/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2010/sc9976.doc.htm . 2 November 2012 . live .
106. Web site: Security Council Press Statement on Panel of Inquiry on 31 May Flotilla Incident . 29 June 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140119182913/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2010/sc10001.doc.htm . 19 January 2014 . live .
107. Web site: Security Council Press Statement on Côte d'Ivoire . 29 June 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121111165332/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2010/sc10043.doc.htm . 11 November 2012 . live .
108. Web site: Security Council Summit Pledges to Continue Strengthening Activities for Maintenance of International Peace, Security . 29 June 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120604010427/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2010/sc10036.doc.htm . 4 June 2012 . live .
109. Web site: Security Council Concerned about Continuing Threat of Terrorism, Including Actions Driven by Intolerance, Extremism . 29 June 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20101003062010/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2010/sc10038.doc.htm . 3 October 2010 . live .
110. Web site: Security Council Press Statement on Abuja Bombings . 29 June 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121102182230/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2010/sc10048.doc.htm . 2 November 2012 . live .
111. Web site: Security Council Press Statement on Election in Côte d'Ivoire . 29 June 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140928063949/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2010/sc10076.doc.htm . 28 September 2014 . live .
112. Web site: Security Council Press Statement on Côte d'Ivoire Elections . 29 June 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140303224258/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2010/sc10100.doc.htm . 3 March 2014 . live .
113. Web site: Security Council Press Statement on Côte d'Ivoire . 29 June 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140928064006/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2010/sc10105.doc.htm . 28 September 2014 . live .
114. Web site: Security Council Press Statement on Southern Sudan Referendum . 29 June 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20131218082433/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2011/sc10146.doc.htm . 18 December 2013 . live .
115. Web site: Security Council Press Statement on Democratic Republic of Congo . 29 June 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121103003851/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2011/sc10167.doc.htm . 3 November 2012 . live .
116. Web site: Security Council Press Statement on Côte d'Ivoire . 29 June 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140928064053/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2011/sc10191.doc.htm . 28 September 2014 . live .
117. Web site: Recognizing Interconnected Nature of Haiti's Long-term Development Challenges, Security Council Reiterates Need for Sustained International Support . 29 June 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121112034632/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2011/sc10218.doc.htm . 12 November 2012 . live .
118. Web site: Security Council Press Statement on Afghanistan . 29 June 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121103051136/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2011/sc10216.doc.htm . 3 November 2012 . live .
119. Web site: Security Council Press Statement on Abyei, Sudan . 29 June 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20131218082300/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2011/sc10248.doc.htm . 18 December 2013 . live .
120. Web site: Unanimously Adopting 1983 (2011), Security Council Encourages Inclusion of HIV Prevention, Treatment, Care, Support in Implementing Peacekeeping Mandates . 29 June 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20131205111923/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2011/sc10272.doc.htm . 5 December 2013 . live .
121. Web site: Security Council Statement on Development Fund for Iraq . 29 June 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120607091058/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2011/sc10307.doc.htm . 7 June 2012 . live .
122. Web site: Security Council Press Statement on Central African Republic . 29 June 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121103161415/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2011/sc10313.doc.htm . 3 November 2012 . live .
123. Web site: Adopting Resolution 1999 (2011) Without Vote, Security Council Recommends Admission of Republic of South Sudan as United Nations Member . 29 June 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130915143415/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2011/sc10322.doc.htm . 15 September 2013 . live .
124. Web site: Security Council Press Statement on United Nations Peacekeepers in Abyei . 29 June 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140203113432/https://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2011/sc10353.doc.htm . 3 February 2014 . live .
125. Web site: Security Council Press Statement on Terrorist Attack in India . 29 June 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121110022757/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2011/sc10377.doc.htm . 10 November 2012 . live .
126. Web site: Security Council Pledges Strengthened UN Effectiveness in Preventing Conflict, Including Through Use of Early Warning, Preventive Deployment, Mediation . 29 June 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130502144344/https://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2011/sc10392.doc.htm . 2 May 2013 . live .
127. Web site: Security Council Press Statement on Somalia . 29 June 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120415125007/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2011/sc10402.doc.htm . 15 April 2012 . live .
128. Web site: Security Council Press Statement on Situation in Abyei . 29 June 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120419100913/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2011/sc10436.doc.htm . 19 April 2012 . live .
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130. Web site: Security Council Press Statement on Damascus Terrorist Attack . 29 June 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130225034526/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2012/sc10513.doc.htm . 25 February 2013 . live .
131. Web site: Security Council Press Statement on Sudan's Southern Kordofan, Blue Nile States . 29 June 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140624144519/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2012/sc10543.doc.htm . 24 June 2014 . live .
132. Web site: Security Council Press Statement on Syria . 29 June 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140720163749/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2012/sc10564.doc.htm . 20 July 2014 . live .
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137. Web site: Security Council Issues Presidential Statement Demanding Immediate End to Atrocities by Lord's Resistance Army in Central Africa . 29 June 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130225022639/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2012/sc10693.doc.htm . 25 February 2013 . live .
138. Web site: Security Council Press Statement on the Contribution of Courts and Tribunals in the Fight against Impunity . 29 June 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121120065740/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2012/sc10700.doc.htm . 20 November 2012 . live .
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140. Web site: Security Council Press Statement on Terrorist Attacks in Iraq . 29 June 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130225022701/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2012/sc10757.doc.htm . 25 February 2013 . live .
141. Web site: Security Council Press Statement on Killing of Peacekeepers in Darfur . 29 June 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121120065229/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2012/sc10781.doc.htm . 20 November 2012 . live .
142. Web site: Haiti's 'Steady Progress' Justifies Recommendation to Extend Peacekeeping Mandate, Secretary-General's Special Representative Tells Security Council . 29 June 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140302144351/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2012/sc10780.doc.htm . 2 March 2014 . live .
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145. Web site: Security Council, in Statement, Calls for Comprehensive Strategy for Beleaguered Sahel Region; Secretary-General Sees 'Sustained, Systemic Crisis' . 29 June 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130225030417/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2012/sc10849.doc.htm . 25 February 2013 . live .
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147. Web site: 'Nothing Can Justify Terrorism — Ever,' Says Secretary-General, as Security Council Hears from Some 50 Speakers in Day-Long Debate . 29 June 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130505010954/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2013/sc10882.doc.htm . 5 May 2013 . live .
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