Presidency of Bongbong Marcos explained

Presidency of Bongbong Marcos
Term Start:June 30, 2022
President:Ferdinand R. Marcos Jr.
President Link:President of the Philippines
Seat:Malacañang Palace, Manila
Official Url:http://pbbm.com.ph
Party:Partido Federal ng Pilipinas
Predecessor:Rodrigo Duterte
Election:2022
Cabinet:See list

Bongbong Marcos began his presidency at noon on June 30, 2022, following his inauguration as the 17th president of the Philippines, succeeding Rodrigo Duterte. His term is expected to expire six years later, on June 30, 2028. He entered into office amid COVID-19 Omicron variant, and the impact of Russian invasion of Ukraine.

Marcos initially downsized government bureaucracy, especially in the executive branch of the government.[1] His administration oversaw the post-pandemic return to normalcy with the gradual reopening of the economy, return of face-to-face/physical classes, removal of stringent travel restrictions,[2] and the lifting of the mask-wearing mandate for outdoor and indoor settings. He also sought to address the rising inflation and shortage of the country's food supply during the beginning of his presidency.

As president, Marcos signed into law the creation of the Maharlika Investment Fund, the first sovereign wealth fund of the Philippines.[3] Under his term, the Philippines ratified the RCEP in February, and entered into force in June 2023.[4] [5] Marcos also went on many foreign trips in hopes to attract more foreign investments in the country. During his term, many Filipinos said they felt unsafe on streets, and the country's drug problem has increased.[6] By the first quarter of 2024, Marcos' performance and trust ratings had dropped significantly, marking an erosion of public trust in him and his administration.[7] [8]

As the son of 10th president Ferdinand Marcos (who was in power from 1965 to 1986), Bongbong Marcos's presidential candidacy has been controversial, receiving criticism from several groups due to his father's regime—a period characterized by violence and oppression against those opposed to his regime,[9] [10] political turmoil, and widespread corruption.[11] Some scholars have noted that his campaign was driven by a massive misinformation campaign aimed at revamping the Marcos brand and smearing his rivals;[12] [13] Marcos has stated he won't engage in negative and hateful campaigning and has repeatedly declined joining debates that may lead to such.[14] [15]

With just less than two years in office, more Filipinos have become dissatisfied with the administration of Bongbong Marcos, according to the survey conducted by Publicus Asia Inc. from November 29 to December 4, 2023. Economic concerns, rising inflation, joblessness, low wages, and a perceived lack of productivity are some of the emerging factors behind the drop in pro-administration support. The survey also noted that the "Duterte effect" still persists, with opposition parties grappling with the discreditation of the previous administration.[16]

Election, transition, and inauguration

See main article: Bongbong Marcos 2022 presidential campaign, 2022 Philippine presidential election, Presidential transition of Bongbong Marcos and Inauguration of Bongbong Marcos.

Marcos ran for president on a campaign platform centered on national unity and continuity of the policies of Rodrigo Duterte, his predecessor.[17] [18] He won the 2022 elections, receiving 31,629,783 (58.77%) votes out of a total of 56,097,722, beating his closest rival, Liberal Party member and Vice President Leni Robredo by over 15 million votes.[19]

Marcos became the first candidate in the history of the Fifth Republic to win by a majority, scoring nearly 59 percent of the vote. His 31,629,783 votes was not only the highest count ever recorded in a presidential election, but close to the sum total of the two previous records combined.

Marcos's presidential transition began on May 25, 2022, when the Congress of the Philippines proclaimed his candidacy as the winner of the 2022 Philippine presidential election held on May 9, 2022.[20]

Marcos was inaugurated as the seventeenth president of the Philippines on June 30, 2022, at the National Museum of Fine Arts. He was sworn in by Alexander Gesmundo, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines.[21] The inaugural ceremony was notable for his meeting with outgoing president Rodrigo Duterte at the Malacañang Palace whose departure honors were also held at the complex, the military-civic parade, and his 25-minute speech that gives a view of what his presidency will look like.[22] [23]

Quirino Grandstand was the original venue for Marcos's inauguration. It was moved to the National Museum since the Manila COVID-19 Field Hospital still occupied the site at the time of the inauguration.

Major activities

Speeches

Major acts and legislation

See main article: List of major acts and legislation during the presidency of Bongbong Marcos.

Marcos has signed 84 bills into law, 31 of which are national in scope.

Executive issuances

See main article: List of executive orders by Bongbong Marcos.

See also: Ordinance Power of the President of the Philippines.

Bongbong Marcos has signed a total of 67 executive orders, 661 proclamations, 23 administrative orders, 27 memorandum orders, 57 memorandum circulars, and one special order.[28]

National budget

TitlePrincipal SponsorDate signed
11936General Appropriations Act of 2023Sonny AngaraDecember 16, 2022[29] [30] [31]
11975General Appropriations Act of 2024December 20, 2023[32]

Leadership style

Marcos's leadership style was described by his press secretary Trixie Cruz-Angeles as being "more systematic and efficient", compared to his predecessor Rodrigo Duterte, who was driven by passion.[33] Cruz-Angeles described Marcos as "conservative", and "very up to date" with technology and global issues.[34]

Marcos, in contrast with his predecessor Duterte, is noted for consistently limiting his exposure to journalists and the media. During his presidential campaign, Marcos was criticized for eluding debates and media interviews. After assuming office, he signed his second executive order abolishing the presidential spokesperson position and replacing it with a press secretary. Under Marcos, the Malacañang Palace holds fewer press briefings than the Duterte administration, typically holding a single press briefing per week. The Marcos administration also created a "pool" system, in which the Presidential Communications Office limits the number of media members who could attend press briefings or cover certain events.[35]

Marcos said he would sometimes consult his wife, Liza Araneta, who is a lawyer, regarding "legal matters", saying "I'm not a lawyer, so I need an expert opinion".[36]

Administration and cabinet

Marcos began naming his Cabinet members on May 12, 2022.[37] Following his presidential inauguration, he administered a mass oath-taking of his Cabinet officials.[38]

Marcos appointed his long time chief-of-staff and spokesperson, Vic Rodriguez as his Executive Secretary.[39] Upon the recommendation of his Chief Presidential Legal Counsel, Juan Ponce Enrile, Marcos rejected the plan of Rodriguez to grant himself additional powers as Marcos's new Presidential Chief of Staff following his resignation as Executive Secretary on September 17 due to issues involving his roles in the sugar importation order fiasco and contentious appointments of some government officials.[40] [41] He was replaced by former Supreme Court Chief Justice Lucas Bersamin on September 27.[42]

On October 4, Marcos reappointed 10 cabinet members after they were bypassed by the Commission on Appointments (COA) on September 28;[43] COA chairperson Jose Calida and Press Secretary Trixie Cruz-Angeles resigned the same day.[44] [45]

First 100 days

The Marcos administration faced challenges during this period such as a domestic sugar supply shortage in mid-2022, rising inflation rate brought about by the pandemic, and the economic effects of the Russian invasion of Ukraine.

Immediately after taking his oath of office on June 30, 2022, Marcos, in an attempt to "achieve simplicity, economy, and efficiency in the bureaucracy", issued his first executive order abolishing both the Presidential Anti-Corruption Commission created by President Duterte in 2017 and the Office of the Cabinet Secretary.[46] The Marcos administration launched its COVID-19 booster shot campaign, PinasLakas, to administer booster doses to at least 23 million Filipinos during Marcos's first 100 days,[47] but managed to boost only 3.5 million.[48] Marcos issued an executive order allowing voluntary use of face masks in outdoor settings,[49] and extended from September 13 to December 31, 2022, the period of the state of calamity declared by his predecessor, Rodrigo Duterte, due to the COVID-19.[50]

The Marcos administration launched its anti-illegal drug campaign, Buhay Ingatan, Droga'y Ayawan (BIDA), which commits to continue the war on drugs "within the framework of the law and with respect for human rights and with focus on rehabilitation and socio-economic development".[51]

Domestic affairs

10-point agenda

Marcos launched a 10-point agenda as part of his vision to further boost economic growth and rejuvenate the country's prosperity in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic. Marcos's agenda includes the following:[52]

Agriculture and agrarian reform

Agrarian reform

On his 65th birthday, September 14, 2022, Marcos signed his fourth executive order imposing a one-year moratorium on the amortization and interest payments of agrarian reform beneficiaries, which is seen to "lead to freedom of farmers from debts".[53]

‘Bagong Pilipinas’ hymn, pledge and slogan

On June 4, 2024, Marcos Jr., through Executive Secretary Lucas Bersamin, signed Memorandum Circular No. 52, directing all government agencies and schools to include the recitation of the Filipino; Pilipino: Bagong Pilipinas hymn - Filipino; Pilipino: Panahon na ng Pagbabago and Filipino; Pilipino: Panata sa Bagong Pilipinas pledge in weekly flag ceremonies. Critics argued that the memorandum violates Republic Act No. 8491 or the "Flag and Heraldic Code of the Philippines".[54] The new hymn has also been noted for resembling the Filipino; Pilipino: [[Bagong Pagsilang]] hymn of the martial law era of Marcos' father. Earlier in July 2023, Marcos Jr. also ordered government agencies to include Filipino; Pilipino: Bagong Pilipinas slogan in their programs and projects.[55]

Censorship

Under the Marcos administration, the Movie and Television Review and Classification Board (MTRCB) in December 2023 suspended for 14 days two shows of media network SMNI, Tagalog: Laban Kasama ang Bayan (LKB) and President Duterte's platform Gikan sa Masa, Para sa Masa; the MTRCB said the suspension was made due to an "unverified news report" made by a LKB host and former communist rebel Jeffrey "Ka Eric" Celiz suggesting that House Speaker Martin Romualdez had travel funds worth 1.8 billion and complaints that a death threat to leftist ACT Teachers Representative France Castro was allegedly made by Duterte in the Gikan sa Masa, Para sa Masa show.[56] Two days later, the National Telecommunications Commission (NTC) suspended SMNI for 30 days after the House of Representatives adopted a resolution filed by PBA Partylist Representative Margarita Nograles, who claimed that the network was propagating false information.[57] On January 23, 2024, the NTC ordered the indefinite suspension of SMNI on all radio and TV stations, on grounds that SMNI "failed to strictly comply with the thirty-day suspension order".[58]

Crime

Following a meeting on July 27, 2022, with Solicitor General Menardo Guevarra, Presidential Legal Adviser Juan Ponce Enrile, Executive Secretary Vic Rodriguez, Foreign Affairs Secretary Enrique Manalo, Justice Secretary Jesus Crispin Remulla, and lawyer Harry Roque, Marcos, on August 1, said that the Philippines has no intention of rejoining the International Criminal Court (ICC), maintaining that deaths linked to the War on Drugs of the Duterte administration are already being investigated by the Philippine government.[59] By September 9, the deadline imposed by the ICC Office of the Prosecutor's (OTP) for the Philippine government to comment on the resumption of the investigation on the war on drugs, Guevara formally requested the ICC to deny the request of the ICC-OTP to resume the investigation; Guevara maintained that "the alleged murder incidents that happened during the relevant period do not constitute 'crimes against humanity', considering that said incidents do not qualify as an 'attack' against the civilian population".[60] In January 2024, Marcos stated he considers the ICC investigation a threat to the Philippines' sovereignty, adding he "will not lift a finger" to assist any ICC investigation.[61] However, former Senator and President Duterte's staunch critic Antonio Trillanes remarked on April 24, 2024, that ICC investigators have "already directly communicated with more than 50 active and former PNP [police] officials" regarding their implication in the drug war.[62]

According to the Philippine National Police, index crimes dropped 11.67% in Marcos's first two months compared to the same period a year prior.[63] Amid a series of reported abductions in the country, several senators urged Marcos to issue a strong directive and act swiftly on the matter.[64] On September 15, the Senate initiated a probe into the series of kidnapping cases.[65]

Drug policy

Marcos declared his intention to continue the war on drugs of the Duterte administration. By September 13, Marcos explained that the war on illegal drugs is "of internal matter", opting to leave it out of his First State of the Nation Address; he said a working group was still formulating policies for his anti-drug campaign, with a focus on prevention and rehabilitation.[66]

On October 7, the Marcos administration launched its anti-illegal drug campaign, Buhay Ingatan, Droga'y Ayawan (BIDA), which commits to continue the war on drugs "within the framework of the law and with respect for human rights and with focus on rehabilitation and socio-economic development".[67]

Culture

In May 2023, Marcos signed an executive order forming an advisory and management center to ensure efficient management of the Malacañang Heritage Mansions.[68] [69] On August 24, 2023, he signed into law Republic Act No. 11961, strengthening the conservation and protection of Philippine cultural heritage.[70]

Decentralization

Marcos suspended for one year and ordered a review of Executive Order 138 (EO 138) issued by President Duterte in 2021 that directs the full devolution of some executive functions to local government units. Marcos maintained that under EO 138, 4th, 5th, and 6th class municipalities will get poorer due to the extra functions that will be devolved; he added that "functions that belong to the national government should belong, should stay with the national government".[71] [72] [73]

Disaster resilience

After a 7.0 magnitude earthquake hit Luzon a few weeks after his presidential inauguration, Marcos rejected creating an executive department dedicated to disaster resilience, agreeing with his sister (Senator Imee Marcos), who said that creating a disaster response body under the Office of the President instead would "save the government a lot of money".[74] [75] In April 2023, Bongbong Marcos signed an executive order creating a disaster preparedness and response task force.[76]

Economy

Real GDP growth rate under the Marcos Jr. administration
YearQuarterGrowth
rate (%)
20223rd7.6[77]
4th7.2[78]
20231st6.4[79]
2nd4.3[80]
3rd6.0[81]
4th5.6

Two days after his inauguration, Marcos vetoed a bill creating the Bulacan Airport City Special Economic Zone and Freeport covering New Manila International Airport (which was sponsored by his sister), citing "substantial fiscal risks", incoherence with existing laws, and the proposed economic zone's location near the Clark Freeport and Special Economic Zone.[82] To foster partnership between the national government and the private sector, Marcos formed the Private Sector Advisory Council, an advisory council tasked to make recommendations to the President of the Philippines in assisting government initiatives to revitalize the economy.[83] [84]

Amid a 14-year high inflation, in February 2023, Marcos shifted his previous stance on the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) and expressed support for an increase in agricultural imports; the Senate then ratified the RCEP on February 21, 2023.[85]

Education

Marcos appointed his then-running mate and now Vice President Sara Duterte to concurrently serve as the Secretary of Education. Public schools in the Philippines started full in-person classes on November 2, 2022, after two years of hiatus due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[86]

In August 2022, the Commission on Audit (COA) flagged the Department of Education (DepEd) for the purchase of allegedly overpriced and outdated 39,583 laptops worth 2.4 billion back in 2021 for online classes at the height of the pandemic. In response, Duterte requested from the COA a "fraud audit" of the laptop deal.[87] Starting August 25, the Senate Blue Ribbon Committee, headed by Senator Francis Tolentino, held a series of hearings with previous officials of the DepEd and the Procurement Service of the Department of Budget and Management (PS-DBM), to look into the matter.[88]

Amid a low full vaccination rate of 19% among Filipino students nationwide, the Marcos administration reopened classes in 46% of all schools in the country, or 24,000 schools on August 22, implementing five days of face-to-face classes; 29,721 schools were allowed to continue implementing blended learning from August to October 2022.[89] A department order was signed, on September 2, by Duterte, automatically suspending all classes from kindergarten to senior high school during calamities and disasters; the order also prohibited the use of schools as long-term evacuation centers.[90]

Under Sara Duterte's authority, the Department of Education in August 2023 launched the "Filipino; Pilipino: Matatag curriculum", a new "less congested" curriculum for Kindergarten to Grade 10. The new curriculum reduced the learning areas for students from seven to five, and removed Mother Tongue as a separate subject; it also emphasized a "Filipino; Pilipino: Makabansa" learning area to instill Filipino identity and nationalism among students.[91]

Energy

Marcos considers battery farms as a solution to the country's energy needs.[92] In his first State of the Nation Address, Marcos presented his plan to increase energy production by including renewable energy and nuclear energy in the country's energy mix.[93] In May 2023, Marcos renewed the Malampaya gas field contract which was to expire on February 22, 2024, extending it for 15 more years until 2039 and allowing oil companies to continue extracting natural gas from the field.[94]

Gambling policy

In December 2022, Marcos issued an executive order formalizing President Rodrigo Duterte's spoken order earlier that May to suspend e-sabong (online cockfighting) operations in the country.[95] In January 2023, Marcos said he was in no rush to ban Philippine Offshore Gaming Operators (POGOs); he urged the government to continue monitoring POGO's social costs and its illegal operators.[96]

Government reorganization

In an attempt to achieve "simplicity, economy, and efficiency" in the bureaucracy, Marcos, on June 30, 2022, issued his first executive order abolishing the Presidential Anti-Corruption Commission (PACC) created by Duterte in 2017, and the Office of the Cabinet Secretary.[97] The powers and functions of PACC were transferred to the Office of the Deputy Executive Secretary for Legal Affairs, while the existing Cabinet Secretariat will be under the Presidential Management Staff.

A day after Marcos's inauguration, Executive Secretary Vic Rodriguez signed a memorandum circular declaring certain positions in the executive department held by officials appointed by Duterte as vacant, leaving at least 4,000 government positions needing to be filled up. Next-in-rank and most senior officials were to fill up the positions as officer-in-charge (OIC), although casual employees whose contracts were to expire on June 30, 2022, were allowed to serve only until July 31, 2022, unless earlier terminated or renewed.[98] Rodriguez, on July 29, extended the terms of the OICs until December 31, or until a replacement has been made, "to ensure the continuous and effective delivery of government services".[99]

On July 23, 2022, Marcos vetoed a bill strengthening the Office of the Government Corporate Counsel (OGCC) of the Department of Justice, citing "excessive grant of remuneration, incentives, benefits, allowances, and honoraria" to employees and hired lawyers.[100] A week later, he vetoed a bill creating transportation safety board, explaining that the proposed board has functions already being "undertaken by the different agencies" under the Department of Transportation, the Philippine National Police, and the National Bureau of Investigation.[101]

Marcos, on September 16, signed his fifth executive order, transferring the Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA) from the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) to the Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE).[102]

In an attempt to "accelerate reconstruction and recovery efforts" in Marawi, on December 22, 2023, Marcos signed an administrative order abolishing the Task Force Bangon Marawi and directing regular line agencies to take over the rehabilitation of the city. Marcos further ordered the agency's unused funds to be surrendered to the Office of the President.[103]

Health

Through Proclamation No. 297, Marcos lifted the state of public health emergency issued in March 2020 by President Duterte following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. The proclamation lifted all established medical protocols, including the mandatory use of face masks; it also allowed emergency use authorizations (EUAs) for vaccines to remain for one year in order to exhaust the remaining vaccines.[104] [105] [106]

Marcos allowed the controversial Vape Regulation Bill to lapse into law on July 25.[107] The bill has been approved in January 2022 by both the Senate and the House of Representatives of the 18th Congress, but has been transmitted to Malacañang for Duterte to act upon only on June 24, six days before his presidency ended.[108]

The Department of Health (DOH) launched on July 26 its "PinasLakas" campaign to continue administering COVID-19 booster doses to at least 39 million Filipinos, or 50% of the eligible population of 77 million, in Marcos's first 100 days of presidency. In September, the DOH lowered its target population to 23 million after seeing minimal progress in the booster campaign, which DOH officer-in-charge Maria Rosario Vergeire attributed to pandemic fatigue. By the end of Marcos's first 100 days, a total of 20 million Filipinos received their booster doses,[109] of which 3.4 million received their first booster doses under the administration's booster campaign.[110]

On August 31, Cebu City mayor Michael Rama signed an order making the wearing of face masks "non-obligatory" in his city,[111] prompting the Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG) to raise the issue of the lifting of face masks before the Inter-Agency Task Force for the Management of Emerging Infectious Diseases (IATF).[112] The DOH maintained that face masks give 80% protection against COVID-19 and other contagious diseases, and expressed worry that other local government units would follow Rama's action;[113] the DOH later agreed to allow the lifting of face masks only among low-risk individuals and in low-risk settings. On September 12, Marcos signed his third executive order, allowing voluntary use of face masks in outdoor settings with good ventilation.[114] Following the recommendation of the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council, Marcos, on September 13, signed a proclamation extending from September 13, 2022, to December 31, 2022, the period of the state of calamity declared by his predecessor, Rodrigo Duterte, due to the COVID-19.[115]

To provide medical assistance to more people, in August 2023, Marcos signed a law establishing specialty centers in government hospitals in every region.[116]

Infrastructure

See main article: Build Better More.

The Marcos administration decided to continue the Build! Build! Build! infrastructure program of President Duterte by superseding it with the Build Better More (BBM) program which added more infrastructure projects.[117] [118] The Marcos administration approved 194 infrastructure projects, with a total cost of PHP 9-trillion.[119] It includes projects in public transport, physical connectivity, water resources, digital connectivity, health, agriculture, and power; 77 of these projects were carried from past administrations while 123 are "new and initiated" by the Marcos administration.[120]

On August 23, the Marcos administration requested 1.196 trillion from Congress to fund in 2023 its BBM infrastructure program.[121]

Public housing

See main article: Pambansang Pabahay Para sa Pilipino.

The Marcos administration aims to build 1 million housing units annually to address the country's backlog of 6.5 million housing units.[122] Twenty-eight local government units (LGUs) have signed a memorandum of understanding with the DHSUD to pursue housing projects; 11 of them are in the construction stage.[123] As of April 19, 2023, about 1.2-1.3 million housing sites have been started since Marcos assumed office.[124]

Transportation

See also: 2023 Philippine airspace closure.

The Marcos administration promised to improve the transportation system of the Philippines and said it will pursue more projects.[125] [126] [127] Marcos pursued the Public Utility Vehicle Modernization Program (PUVMP), which will phase out old traditional jeepneys and replace them with modern public utility vehicles; it resulted in a weeklong nationwide transport strike in March 2023, forcing Marcos to order the government to review the PUVMP "to ensure that everything is taken into consideration under the program, including the grievances of our drivers and operators".[128]

In July 2022, former Finance Secretary Carlos Dominguez III canceled the loan applications for three China-funded railway projects—the PNR South Long Haul, Subic-Clark Railway, and the Mindanao Railway (Tagum-Davao-Digos)—due to China's inaction on funding requests by the Duterte administration during Duterte's tenure.[129] A month later, the Marcos administration resumed talks with China to renegotiate and "resume" the major railway projects, with the Transportation department citing the funding will "strengthen bilateral relations and enhance the partnership between the Philippines and China".[130]

On July 1, a day after his inauguration, Marcos signed a memorandum seeking to provide free train rides to students, and extend the free EDSA Carousel rides until December 2022.[131] [132] Shortly after, the free train rides for students was recalibrated and limited only to LRT-2; the Department of Transportation said that train fares were "already heavily subsidized", especially when free train rides were implemented at MRT-3 for three months during the Duterte administration, and that Line 2 has the highest number of student ridership.[133]

In August, the Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board started reopening several pre-pandemic public utility vehicle routes in Metro Manila in preparation for face-to-face classes.[134] [135]

Insurgency

To harmonize the Bangsamoro peace agreements of the 1976 Tripoli Agreement, the 1996 Final Peace Agreement and the 2014 Comprehensive Agreement on the Bangsamoro, the Office of the Presidential Adviser on Peace, Reconciliation and Unity facilitated the participation of the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) in the Bangsamoro Transition Authority (BTA). On August 14, Marcos appointed new members of the BTA, and included Abdulkarim Misuari and Nurrheda Misuari, son and daughter of Moro National Liberation Front leader Nur Misuari, in an effort to unite former warring members of the MNLF and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front under one Bangsamoro autonomous government.[136] [137]

Communist policy

Amid the weakening of the communist fronts by the military, in May 2023, Marcos directed the "recalibration" of the NTF-ELCAC to shift its previous "aggressive" policy and become "bringers of peace".[138] Marcos appointed Vice President Sara Duterte as co-vice chair of the NTF-ELCAC.[139] As part of his administration's peace initiatives, in November 2023, Marcos granted amnesty to former rebels of the Communist Party of the Philippines-New People's Army-National Democratic Front (CPP-NPA-NDF), Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF), and Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF); he also granted amnesty to members of the Rebolusyonaryong Partido ng Manggagawa ng Pilipinas/Revolutionary Proletarian Army/Alex Boncayao Brigade (RPMP-RPA-ABB).[140]

In a surprise reversal of Duterte's policy, Marcos announced in November 2023 the revival of peace talks with the communists, a move critics see as a grave mistake. Negotiations between the Marcos administration and the NDF began in Oslo as early as 2022, but were withheld to the public.[141]

After the Supreme Court ruled in May 2024 that red-tagging threatens a person's right to life, liberty, or security, Human Rights Watch and Karapatan called on Marcos to abolish the NTF-ELCAC. Marcos rejected the calls for abolition, saying the task force was instrumental in reducing the country's internal security threat.[142] [143]

Social policies

On July 2, Social Welfare (DSWD) Secretary Erwin Tulfo revealed that Marcos ordered for the list of 4Ps beneficiaries to be "cleaned" due to reports of unqualified beneficiaries receiving cash grants and refusing to surrender their accounts.[144] About 1.3 million beneficiaries identified by the social welfare department as no longer poor were to face removal from the cash assistance program, which may free 15 billion to be distributed to "other qualified persons".[145] In late August, the DSWD earmarked 500 million to be distributed as cash assistance for poor students, prohibiting walk-ins after an initial chaotic distribution involving beneficiaries gathering in huge crowds at the central and regional offices of the DSWD;[146] by September 24, 676,922 students nationwide received cash aid, which totaled ₱1.652 billion, in the DSWD's six-week program.[147]

On July 30, Marcos vetoed a bill granting tax exemption on poll workers' honoraria; he cited the bill will "negate the progressivity of the reforms introduced under RA 10963 or the TRAIN law".[148]

Labor

After Kuwait suspended all types of visas issued to Filipinos in May 2023, Marcos rejected proposals to impose a total deployment ban against Kuwait, saying he did not want to "burn any bridges"; he maintained the Philippine government will continue negotiating with Kuwait to improve the situation.[149]

Poverty alleviation

In June 2023, Marcos appointed Marcos loyalist and disbarred lawyer Larry Gadon in a newly created position, the presidential adviser on poverty alleviation, which has a monthly salary grade of 278,434.[150] [151] Gadon said his first project would be to launch "BBM: Batang Busog, Malusog", a feeding program for the youth.[152]

Telecommunications

In 2022, the Marcos administration launched the BroadBand ng Masa Program (BBMP) to provide free WiFi connections in remote areas.[153] To "boost government initiatives against scams committed through text and online messages", Marcos signed his first law, which mandated SIM card registration;[154] by the end of the July 2023 deadline, a total of 113.9 million SIM cards were registered, and about 54 million unregistered mobile numbers were deactivated.[155]

Tourism

In June 2023, the Marcos administration's tourism department launched a new branding campaign worth 49 million; it included a new tourism slogan "Love the Philippines" which replaced the decade-old "It's More Fun in the Philippines". The tourism department contracted a creative agency, DDB Philippines, to produce a campaign video. A few days later, the tourism department deleted the video from its Facebook page after Agence France Presse had the video analyzed and confirmed that stock footages of places in the United Arab Emirates, Brazil, Indonesia, and Switzerland were used in the video.[156] [157] Shortly after, the tourism department, under Secretary Christina Frasco, terminated its branding campaign contract with DDB Philippines; Frasco asserted no public funds were spent on the video,[158] and decided to continue using the new slogan.[159] Marcos then said he still trusts Frasco despite the stock video controversy.[160]

In an effort to enhance the overall experience of tourists in the country, the Department of Tourism (DOT), under Secretary Christina Frasco, began establishing Tourist Rest Areas (TRAs) in strategic areas across the Philippines in 2022.[161] By June 2024, about nine TRAs had been constructed by the DOT and turned over to the various local government units; at least 20 more TRAs are awaiting construction.[162]

Foreign affairs

See also: List of international presidential trips made by Bongbong Marcos.

Marcos sought to continue his predecessor, Rodrigo Duterte's "friends to all, enemies to none" approach to foreign policy.[163] Under Marcos, who pursued improved relations with the United States, China-Philippine relations became tense.[164]

Following a French court of arbitration ruling instructing Malaysia to pay $14.9 billion to the descendants of the Sulu Sultanate for breaching an international private lease agreement by not paying the cession money under the agreement since 2013,[165] Malacañang, on August 2, said that the claim to Sabah is "not an issue of sovereignty" as it is "in the nature of a private claim".[166]

Marcos made his inaugural state visits in Indonesia from September 4 to 6, and Singapore from September 6 to 7, securing $USD14.36 billion (804.78 billion) in investment pledges.[167] On September 18 to 24, he made his first working visit to the United States, where he attended the 77th United Nations General Assembly and received $3.9 billion in investment pledges.[168] Marcos was criticized upon his unannounced return to Singapore in October 1 to 2 to watch the F1 Grand Prix; Malacañang later confirmed Marcos's trip as "productive" in enjoining continued foreign investment in the country with Executive Secretary Lucas Bersamin later explaining that the visit was "partly official, partly personal".[169] [170]

China and the South China Sea

Upon his election as president, Marcos pledged to continue outgoing president Duterte's policy of strengthening relations with China, whom he labeled the Philippines' "strongest partner."[171] Marcos sought to resolve the territorial disputes in the South China Sea (West Philippine Sea),[172] "through diplomacy and dialogue",[173] further urging his fellow ASEAN leaders to complete a code of conduct for the South China Sea in accordance with the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and the Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea signed between ASEAN and China in 2002.[174]

While campaigning for president in January 2022, Marcos promised to "set aside" the South China Sea Arbitration in favor of direct negotiations with the Chinese government over the disputes, stating that the Permanent Court of Arbitration ruling was "no longer available" to the Philippine government because China, among many other parties, had rejected it.[175] However, following his election in May, then-president-elect Marcos reversed his previous stance and declared he would uphold the Arbitration ruling, vowing to invoke the ruling "to assert [the Philippines'] territorial rights" if and where necessary.[176]

While addressing the Asia Society in New York City in September 2022, Marcos clarified that his country has "no territorial conflict with China" but rather, "China [is] claiming territory that belongs to the Philippines." He acknowledged the necessity of closer cooperation with his country's allies if the disputes escalated to war, as China's military capabilities are nearly 15 times "stronger" than the Philippines.[177]

United States and the West

Unlike President Duterte, whose foreign policy lessened the country's dependence on the United States, Marcos strengthened the Philippines' relations with its traditional ally.[178] [179] Marcos shifted the Philippines' defense policy by approving five additional sites across the country for the Enhanced Defense Cooperation Agreement following the visit of US Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin in Manila in February 2023,[180] risking invoking China's fury and dragging the Philippines into a US-China conflict over Taiwan.[181] [182]

Amid growing tensions between China and Taiwan, in August 2022, Marcos and United States Secretary of State Antony Blinken reaffirmed both countries' commitment to the Mutual Defense Treaty.[183]

International Criminal Court

Marcos asserts that his administration does not intend for the Philippines to re-apply for International Criminal Court (ICC) membership following the country's withdrawal from the international tribunal under his predecessor that took effect in March 2019.[184] In 2023, the Marcos administration submitted two separate requests in February and March to suspend the ICC's probe into the war on drugs during Duterte's presidency and the killings in the Davao area between November 2011, and June 2016; the administration argued that the Philippine government is investigating and has already investigated cases of alleged crimes against humanity, and that the ICC investigation would encroach on the Philippines' sovereignty.[185] After the ICC rejected the Philippines' requests, Marcos, on March 28, said the Philippines is "disengaging" from any contact and communication with the ICC, saying he considers the ICC jurisdiction over the Philippines as an interference and "practically attacks on the sovereignty".[186]

Russo-Ukrainian War

Marcos has expressed opposition to the war between Russia and Ukraine during his presidency. In the early days of the conflict, while he was still campaigning, Marcos initially suggested there was no immediate need for the Philippines to take a stand on the Russian invasion of Ukraine. He has since called for a diplomatic resolution to the conflict, stating that the confrontation should be resolved through diplomatic channels rather than continued military engagement. Marcos cited the extensive repercussions of the war, particularly its impact on global economies and food supply chains, as reasons for his stance.[187]

On June 3, 2024, Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy visited Manila to invite Marcos to a peace summit in Switzerland later that month. Marcos assured Zelenskyy of Philippine participation in the summit, which the European leader said sent "a very strong signal". Following Zelenskyy's request, Marcos pledged to send mental health professionals to assist soldiers in Ukraine.[188]

Opinion polling

See main article: Opinion polling on the Bongbong Marcos presidency.

Opinion polling, commonly known as surveys in the Philippines, on the presidency of Bongbong Marcos has been conducted by various pollsters since the start of his tenure. The tables below show the latest polls that were administered.

A Pulse Asia September 2022 survey of 1,200 respondents nationwide revealed that the Marcos administration received high approval ratings on its addressing of 11 of 13 key issues in the country; calamity response and controlling the spread of COVID-19 were both rated the highest, at 78%, while performance in poverty reduction (39%) and control of inflation (31%) ranked the lowest.[189]

Trust ratings

Protests

See main article: Protests against Bongbong Marcos. Protests against President Bongbong Marcos have occurred mainly in the Philippines even before the inauguration of the president on June 30, 2022.[190] Protest have been mostly conducted by progressive and opposition groups due to the violent and plunderous legacy of the Marcos family during the martial law era and throughout the rule of his father, former President Ferdinand Marcos;[191] unpaid real-estate taxes; alleged electoral fraud during the 2022 presidential elections; instances of fake news and historical distortion; cases of human rights violations such as extra-judicial killings and the continuing war on drugs;[192] and other social issues.[193] [194] Protests against the president have also included grievances against Vice President Sara Duterte[195] as well as seeking of accountability from his predecessor Rodrigo Duterte.[196] Mobilizations have also been held by Filipino-Americans and other solidarity and progressive groups abroad such as in United States, Australia, and Canada.

Former President Duterte and his supporters have also organized protests against Marcos.[197] In a "prayer rally" held in Cebu City, the former president made numerous remarks denouncing Marcos' People's Initiative and the subsequent economic constitutional amendments.[198] During the rally, Duterte also made statements alluding to the deposal of President Marcos similar to his father yet through military force.[199] In the same rally, Duterte called President Marcos a drug addict,[200] Marcos responded that Duterte's use of fentanyl impaired his judgement.[201] Duterte has since softened his position [202] yet states that him and his coalition are no longer allies with President Marcos, reinforced by Vice President Sara Duterte stating that the Uniteam Alliance was dissolved immeadietly after the 2022 Philippine General Election.[203]

Notes and References

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  4. News: RCEP enters into force in PH . Philippine News Agency . Crismundo . Kris . June 2, 2023 . June 4, 2023 .
  5. Web site: RCEP Agreement enters into force for Philippines . ASEAN.org . June 2, 2023 . June 4, 2023 .
  6. Web site: SWS: Filipinos say unsafe streets, drug problem rising . Mendoza . John Eric . Inquirer.net . February 8, 2023 . November 16, 2023 .
  7. Web site: President Marcos' performance, trust ratings drop significantly in March — Pulse Asia . De Vera-Ruiz . Ellalyn . Manila Bulletin . April 2, 2024 . April 4, 2024 .
  8. Web site: Pulse Asia: Marcos approval down 13 points, Sara's by 7 . GMA News Online . April 3, 2024 . April 4, 2024 .
  9. Web site: September 20, 1999 . Alfred McCoy, Dark Legacy: Human rights under the Marcos regime . Ateneo de Manila University.
  10. Web site: Kushida . Kenji . 2003 . The Political Economy of the Philippines Under Marcos – Property Rights in the Philippines from 1965 to 1986 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20161109114531/https://web.stanford.edu/group/sjeaa/journal3/geasia2.pdf . November 9, 2016 . Stanford Journal of East Asian Affairs.
  11. News: Mogato . Manuel . February 24, 2016 . Philippines still seeks $1 billion in Marcos wealth 30 years after his ouster . .
  12. News: March 30, 2022 . Filipinos fall for fake history . . .
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  20. News: May 25, 2022 . Marcos Jr. officially proclaimed president-elect . . https://web.archive.org/web/20220525100032/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2022/5/25/Bongbong-Marcos-proclaimed-Philippines-president-2022.html . dead . May 25, 2022 . June 6, 2022.
  21. News: Gita-Carlos . Ruth Abbey . Marcos Jr. sworn in as PH's 17th president . July 1, 2022 . . June 30, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220630092749/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1177892 . June 30, 2022 . en.
  22. News: Bacelonia . Wilnard . Military might on full display at inauguration parade . September 16, 2022 . . July 1, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220701110712/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1177985 . July 1, 2022.
  23. News: Navarro . June . National athletes march in military-civic parade during Bongbong Marcos inauguration . September 16, 2022 . . June 30, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220630115559/https://sports.inquirer.net/468380/national-athletes-march-in-military-civic-parade-during-marcos-inauguration . June 30, 2022 . en.
  24. Web site: Inaugural Address of President Ferdinand Romualdez Marcos, Jr., June 30, 2022 . Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines . June 30, 2022 . en .
  25. Web site: Ferdinand R. Marcos Jr., First State of the Nation Address, July 25, 2022 . Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines . July 26, 2022 . en, fil.
  26. Web site: Ferdinand R. Marcos Jr., Second State of the Nation Address, July 24, 2023 . Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines . July 24, 2022 . en, fil.
  27. Web site: Ferdinand R. Marcos Jr., Third State of the Nation Address, July 22, 2024 . Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines . July 22, 2024 . en, fil.
  28. Web site: Masterlist Generator . Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines . August 12, 2024 .
  29. Web site: Ceremonial Signing of the General Appropriations Act of 2023 . . December 16, 2022 . December 30, 2022 .
  30. News: November 8, 2022 . Proposed national budget inches closer to approval as Senate panel sponsors 2023 GAB . . April 25, 2023.
  31. News: Parrocha . Azer . December 28, 2022 . P5.268-T nat'l budget supports Marcos admin's overall goals . . December 29, 2022.
  32. Web site: Marcos inks P5.768-T 2024 national budget . . December 20, 2023 . December 21, 2023 .
  33. News: Flores . Helen . Marcos leadership style more systematic, efficient – Palace . January 22, 2023 . . August 13, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220812194850/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2022/08/13/2202302/marcos-leadership-style-more-systematic-efficient-palace . August 12, 2022.
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  36. News: Maralit . Kristina . Marcos defends first lady from detractors . June 16, 2023 . . January 25, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230125083042/https://www.manilatimes.net/2023/01/25/news/national/marcos-defends-first-lady-from-detractors/1875634 . January 25, 2023 . en.
  37. News: May 23, 2022 . LIST: Who are the members of Marcos Cabinet? . . June 6, 2022.
  38. News: Parrocha . Azer . Marcos swears in Cabinet members as 1st 'official act' . July 1, 2022 . . June 30, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220630174929/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1177944 . June 30, 2022 . en.
  39. News: May 22, 2022 . Marcos' chief of staff nominated as executive secretary . en . Philippine News Agency . September 20, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220522052044/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1175052 . May 22, 2022.
  40. News: Arcilla . Gigie . September 17, 2022 . 'Little prexy' quits as ES, named CoS . . September 20, 2022 . https://ghostarchive.org/archive/buuv9 . September 20, 2022.
  41. News: Valente . Catherine S. . September 18, 2022 . JPE thwarts Rodriguez bid to get more power . en . The Manila Times . September 20, 2022 . https://ghostarchive.org/archive/dt0FO . September 20, 2022.
  42. News: Galvez . Daphne . September 27, 2022 . Palace: New Exec Secretary Bersamin 'well-qualified,' enjoys Marcos' trust . . October 4, 2022.
  43. News: Gita-Carlos . Ruth Abbey . October 4, 2022 . PBBM reappoints 10 bypassed Cabinet members . Philippine News Agency . October 4, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221004144746/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1185227 . October 4, 2022.
  44. News: Gita-Carlos . Ruth Abbey . October 4, 2022 . Jose Calida resigns as COA chief . Philippine News Agency . October 4, 2022.
  45. News: October 4, 2022 . Press Secretary Trixie Cruz-Angeles quits due to health reasons . cnnphilippines.com . CNN Philippines . https://web.archive.org/web/20221004082848/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2022/10/4/Press-Secretary-Trixie-Cruz-Angeles-resigns-health-reasons.html . dead . October 4, 2022 . October 4, 2022.
  46. News: Geducos . Argyll Cyrus . Marcos abolishes Duterte's anti-corruption commission, CabSec's office . July 7, 2022 . . July 7, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220707052742/https://mb.com.ph/2022/07/07/marcos-abolishes-dutertes-anti-corruption-commission-cabsecs-office/ . July 7, 2022.
  47. News: Sarao . Zacarian . DOH launches COVID-19 booster program targeting 23 million Filipinos . January 1, 2023 . . July 26, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220808232144/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1635121/doh-launches-booster-program-targeting-23-million-filipinos . August 8, 2022 . en.
  48. News: Villanueva . Rhodina . Nearly 3.5 million individuals get 1st booster shots under PinasLakas drive . January 1, 2023 . . October 9, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221008170804/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2022/10/09/2215289/nearly-35-million-individuals-get-1st-booster-shots-under-pinaslakas-drive . October 8, 2022.
  49. News: Cabico . Gaea Katreena . Marcos OKs voluntary use of masks outdoors . September 12, 2022 . . September 12, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220912133524/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2022/09/12/2209193/marcos-oks-voluntary-use-masks-outdoors . September 12, 2022.
  50. News: Parrocha . Azer . PBBM extends state of calamity until year-end . September 14, 2022 . . September 13, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220913072044/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1183551 . September 13, 2022 . en.
  51. News: Zurbano . Joel E. . Gov't unveils new drug war plan . October 10, 2022 . . October 7, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221010133454/https://manilastandard.net/news/314266873/govt-unveils-new-drug-war-plan.html . October 10, 2022.
  52. Web site: PRIORITIES .
  53. News: Lalu . Gabriel Pabico . September 13, 2022 . Marcos freezes Carp amortization for one year . en . Philippine Daily Inquirer . September 14, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220913070628/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1663239/marcos-orders-1-year-moratorium-on-payments-of-agrarian-reform-beneficiaries . September 13, 2022.
  54. News: Reyes . Dempsey . 'Bagong Pilipinas' oaths outside flag law—critics . 11 June 2024 . . 11 June 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240611033751/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1950250/bagong-pilipinas-oaths-outside-flag-law-critics . 11 June 2024 . en.
  55. News: Cabico . Gaea Katreena. Gov't agencies told to include 'Bagong Pilipinas' hymn, pledge in flag ceremonies. June 9, 2024 . The Philippine Star. June 9, 2024.
  56. News: Subingsubing . Krixia . Cruz . Marinel . 2 SMNI shows suspended, Duterte's 'Gikan' included . December 21, 2023 . . December 20, 2023 . December 19, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231219233810/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1877501/2-smni-shows-suspended-dutertes-gikan-included . en.
  57. News: Sarao . Zacarian . NTC suspends SMNI operations for 30 days . December 21, 2023 . . December 21, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231221151115/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1878035/ntc-suspends-smni-operations-for-30-days . December 21, 2023 . en.
  58. News: Mendoza . John Eric . NTC orders SMNI to stop operations indefinitely . 11 June 2024 . . 23 January 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240123045101/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1892851/fwd-ntc-orders-smni-to-stop-operations-indefinitely . 23 January 2024 . en.
  59. News: Parrocha . Azer . August 1, 2022 . PH has no intention of rejoining ICC: Marcos . en . Philippine News Agency . August 1, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220801110121/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1180284 . August 1, 2022.
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  64. News: Torres . Sherrie Ann . September 12, 2022 . Senators urge Marcos gov't: Act swiftly vs alleged abductions . ABS-CBN News . September 14, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220914131040/https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/09/12/22/marcos-urged-act-swiftly-vs-alleged-kidnapping-cases . September 14, 2022.
  65. News: Pinlac . Beatrice . September 15, 2022 . Senate starts probe into reported spate of kidnapping cases . en . Philippine Daily Inquirer . September 16, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220915194935/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1664605/fwd-senate-starts-probe-into-spate-of-kidnapping-cases . September 15, 2022.
  66. News: Unite . Betheena . September 13, 2022 . War on drugs is 'internal matter', to continue but on a different way—Marcos . Manila Bulletin . September 14, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220913142924/https://mb.com.ph/2022/09/13/war-on-drugs-is-internal-matter-to-continue-but-on-a-different-way-marcos/ . September 13, 2022.
  67. News: Zurbano . Joel E. . October 7, 2022 . Gov't unveils new drug war plan . Manila Standard . October 10, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221010133454/https://manilastandard.net/news/314266873/govt-unveils-new-drug-war-plan.html . October 10, 2022.
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  70. Web site: Republic Act No. 11961 . . 11 June 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240311001937/https://legacy.senate.gov.ph/republic_acts/ra%2011961.pdf . March 11, 2024 . August 23, 2023.
  71. News: Bajo . Anna Felicia . Marcos says gov't reviewing EO 138, devolution issues . May 24, 2023 . . February 22, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230223225415/https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/861713/marcos-says-gov-t-reviewing-eo-138-devolution-issues/story/ . February 23, 2023 . en.
  72. News: Galvez . Daphne . Bongbong Marcos says new EO on Mandanas ruling out by year-end . May 24, 2023 . . May 19, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230519133657/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1771638/bongbong-marcos-says-new-eo-on-mandanas-ruling-out-by-year-end . May 19, 2023 . en.
  73. News: Corrales . Nestor . Palace: Poor towns will get poorer under current devolution order . May 24, 2023 . . March 23, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230323065226/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1746856/palace-poor-towns-will-get-poorer-under-current-devolution-order . March 23, 2023 . en.
  74. News: Ramos-Araneta . Maricel Cruz, Macon . Marcos nixes creation of disaster resilience department . May 17, 2023 . . July 29, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220728195643/https://www.manilastandard.net/news/314247576/marcos-nixes-creation-of-disaster-resilience-department.html . July 28, 2022.
  75. News: Unite . Betheena . Bongbong backpedals, now agrees with sis Imee's proposal to create disaster resilience body . May 17, 2023 . . July 28, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220728064148/https://mb.com.ph/2022/07/28/bongbong-backpedals-now-agrees-with-sis-imees-proposal-to-create-disaster-resilience-body/ . July 28, 2022 . en.
  76. News: Lalu . Gabriel Pabico . Bongbong Marcos issues EO forming disaster response task force . May 17, 2023 . . May 8, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230508092309/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1766366/fwd-pco-marcos-issues-eo-forming-disaster-response-task-force-2 . May 8, 2023 . en.
  77. Mapa . Dennis S. . GDP Growth Rate for Third Quarter 2022 was Maintained at 7.6 Percent . April 6, 2023 . . January 25, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230125093416/https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/Special%20Release_Q3_2022%20Revised%20NAP.pdf . January 25, 2023.
  78. Mapa . Dennis S. . GDP Expands by 7.2 Percent in the Fourth Quarter of 2022, and by 7.6 Percent in Full-year 2022 . April 6, 2023 . . January 26, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230126022601/https://psa.gov.ph/system/files/Press%20Release%20-%20Q4%202022%20National%20Accounts%20of%20the%20Philippines_0.pdf . January 26, 2023.
  79. Mapa . Dennis S. . GDP Expands by 6.4 Percent in the First Quarter of 2023 . May 14, 2023 . . May 11, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230511064539/https://psa.gov.ph/system/files/1.%20NAP%20Press%20Release_Q12023_ONS-signed.pdf . May 11, 2023.
  80. Mapa . Dennis S. . GDP Expands by 4.3 Percent in the Second Quarter of 2023 . September 15, 2023 . . August 10, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230810091320/https://www.psa.gov.ph/system/files/nap/Press%20Release%20_Q2%20_2023%20NAP.pdf . August 10, 2023.
  81. Mapa . Dennis S. . GDP Expands by 5.6 Percent in the Fourth Quarter of 2023: Brings the Full-Year 2023 GDP Growth Rate to 5.6 Percent . February 1, 2024 . . January 31, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240131042608/https://psa.gov.ph/system/files/nap/Press%20Release_Q4%20%202023%20NAP.pdf . January 31, 2024.
  82. News: Yang . Angelica Y. . Cabico . Gaea Katreena . Romero . Alexis . July 2, 2022 . Marcos Jr. vetoes bill creating SMC's Bulacan Airport City economic zone, freeport . The Philippine Star . July 3, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220702063550/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2022/07/02/2192539/marcos-jr-vetoes-bill-creating-smcs-bulacan-airport-city-economic-zone-freeport . July 2, 2022.
  83. News: Rivas . Ralf . July 13, 2022 . Marcos picks Sabin Aboitiz to head Private Sector Advisory Council . . June 28, 2023.
  84. News: Rivas . Ralf . June 28, 2023 . The billionaires advising Marcos how to run the economy . . June 28, 2023.
  85. Web site: Philippines ratifies RCEP trade deal after shift by Marcos . Nikkei Asia . Venzon . Cliff . February 22, 2023 . February 23, 2023 .
  86. News: NCRPO on full alert for return of travelers, full F2F classes . . November 1, 2022 . November 2, 2022 .
  87. News: Sevillano . Stephanie . August 15, 2022 . VP Sara wants COA 'fraud audit' to probe P2.4-B laptop deal . en . Philippine News Agency . August 16, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220816124035/https://www.pna.gov.ph/index.php/articles/1181402 . August 16, 2022.
  88. News: Najo . Anna Felicia . August 25, 2022 . Senators grill DepEd exec over laptop purchase; official denies approving procurement . en . GMA News Online . September 14, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220825102241/https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/842725/senators-grill-deped-exec-over-laptop-purchase-official-denies-approving-procurement/story/ . August 25, 2022.
  89. News: August 22, 2022 . Filipino students return to face-to-face classes after 2 years of distance learning . CNN Philippines . https://web.archive.org/web/20220823124004/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2022/8/22/Face-to-face-classes-school-year-2022-2023-COVID-19-pandemic.html . dead . August 23, 2022 . August 23, 2022 .
  90. News: Mateo . Janvic . September 2, 2022 . Rainfall, flood warnings can now trigger class suspension . The Philippine Star . September 12, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220901165542/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2022/09/02/2206783/rainfall-flood-warnings-can-now-trigger-class-suspension . September 1, 2022.
  91. News: Balancio . Joyce . August 10, 2023 . DepEd launches adjusted K to 10 curriculum with 'mother tongue' no longer as a separate subject . . August 12, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230810115716/https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/08/10/23/adjusted-k-to-10-curriculum-launched-whats-in-whats-out . August 10, 2023.
  92. News: Galvez . Daphne . Bongbong Marcos says battery energy farms may be a 'solution' to PH energy needs . May 15, 2023 . . March 31, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230331161023/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1750936/bongbong-marcos-says-battery-energy-farms-may-be-a-solution-to-ph-energy-needs . March 31, 2023 . en.
  93. News: Geducos . Argyll Cyrus . July 25, 2022 . President's energy plan includes nuclear power plants, renewables . Manila Bulletin . August 1, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220725120721/https://mb.com.ph/2022/07/25/presidents-energy-plan-includes-nuclear-power-plants-renewables/ . July 25, 2022.
  94. News: Domingo . Katrina . Marcos extends Malampaya gas field contract until 2039 . May 15, 2023 . . May 15, 2023 . https://archive.today/20230515095926/https://news.abs-cbn.com/business/05/15/23/marcos-renews-malampaya-gas-field-contract-until-2039 . May 15, 2023.
  95. News: Gregorio . Xave . Marcos formalizes Duterte's spoken order to suspend e-sabong . February 23, 2023 . . August 23, 2022 .
  96. News: Geducos . Argyll Cyrus . Marcos: Banning POGOs needs proper motivation . May 14, 2023 . . January 22, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230121090207/https://mb.com.ph/2023/01/21/marcos-banning-pogos-needs-proper-motivation/ . January 21, 2023 . en.
  97. News: Geducos . Argyll Cyrus . July 7, 2022 . Marcos abolishes Duterte's anti-corruption commission, CabSec's office . Manila Bulletin . July 7, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220707052742/https://mb.com.ph/2022/07/07/marcos-abolishes-dutertes-anti-corruption-commission-cabsecs-office/ . July 7, 2022.
  98. News: Barcelo . Vito . July 2, 2022 . Palace declares vacant Duterte filled positions . Manila Standard . https://web.archive.org/web/20220701175718/https://manilastandard.net/news/314240688/palace-declares-vacant-duterte-filled-positions.html . July 1, 2022.
  99. News: Corrales . Nestor . July 29, 2022 . Palace extends term of agency OICs up to Dec. 31 . en . Philippine Daily Inquirer . July 30, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220728223616/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1636992/palace-extends-term-of-agency-oics-up-to-dec-31 . July 28, 2022.
  100. News: Pinlac . Beatrice . July 23, 2022 . Bongbong Marcos vetoes bill strengthening OGCC . en . Philippine Daily Inquirer . July 24, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220723161011/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1632970/bongbong-marcos-vetoes-bill-strengthening-ogcc . July 23, 2022.
  101. News: Sarao . Zacarian . July 30, 2022 . Bongbong Marcos vetoes transport safety board, tax-free poll workers' honoraria bills . en . Philippine Daily Inquirer . August 1, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220730084402/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1637766/bongbong-marcos-vetoes-transport-safety-board-tax-free-poll-workers-honoraria-bills . July 30, 2022.
  102. News: Gita-Carlos . Ruth Abbey . September 16, 2022 . DOLE regains supervision of TESDA . en . Philippine News Agency . September 16, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220916120532/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1183883 . September 16, 2022.
  103. News: Corrales . Nestor . Task Force Bangon Marawi abolished . 27 April 2024 . . 31 December 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231231000546/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1881652/task-force-bangon-marawi-abolished . 31 December 2023 . en.
  104. News: GMA Integrated News . Marcos lifts COVID-19 state of public health emergency . . July 23, 2023 . July 22, 2023 . en.
  105. News: Relativo . James . Marcos finally lifts COVID-19 state of public emergency. What happens next? . . July 23, 2023 . July 22, 2023 . en.
  106. News: Abarca . Charie . Bongbong Marcos: COVID-19 public health emergency in PH lifted . . July 23, 2023 . July 22, 2023 . en.
  107. News: Unite . Betheena . July 26, 2022 . Vape bill lapses into law, Palace says . Manila Bulletin . July 26, 2022 .
  108. News: Manahan . Job . July 26, 2022 . Controversial bill lowering the age for vape access lapses into law: Palace . ABS-CBN News . https://web.archive.org/web/20220726130007/https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/07/26/22/controversial-vape-bill-lapses-into-law . dead . July 26, 2022 . July 26, 2022 .
  109. News: Jalea . Glee . October 9, 2022 . The Marcos administration's booster campaign: What is lacking? . CNN Philippines . October 10, 2022 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20221010130507/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2022/10/9/Marcos-administration-first-100-days-vaccination-booster-campaign.html . October 10, 2022.
  110. News: Montemayor . Ma. Teresa . October 11, 2022 . PinasLakas administers 3.4M 1st booster dose in 100 days . Philippine News Agency . October 11, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221011110150/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1185889 . October 11, 2022.
  111. News: Erram . Morexette Marie B. . September 5, 2022 . Cebu City's non-obligatory use of face mask: Trial only . en . Philippine Daily Inquirer . September 12, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220905093250/https://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/462387/cebu-citys-non-obligatory-use-of-face-mask-trial-only . September 5, 2022.
  112. News: Caliwan . Christopher Lloyd . September 6, 2022 . IATF 'carefully studying' proposals to relax mask mandate: DILG . en . Philippine News Agency . September 12, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220906081022/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1182997 . September 6, 2022.
  113. News: Cabalza . Dexter . Villa . Kathleen de . September 3, 2022 . DOH: Eased mask use 'disastrous' . en . Philippine Daily Inquirer . September 12, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220903021306/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1657783/doh-eased-mask-use-disastrous . September 3, 2022.
  114. News: Cabico . Gaea Katreena . September 12, 2022 . Marcos OKs voluntary use of masks outdoors . The Philippine Star . September 12, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220912133524/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2022/09/12/2209193/marcos-oks-voluntary-use-masks-outdoors . September 12, 2022.
  115. News: Parrocha . Azer . September 13, 2022 . PBBM extends state of calamity until year-end . en . Philippine News Agency . September 14, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220913072044/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1183551 . September 13, 2022.
  116. News: Marcos OKs law establishing more specialty centers nationwide . August 29, 2023 . . August 29, 2023 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20230829045838/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2023/8/29/marcos-regional-specialty-centers-act.html . August 29, 2023.
  117. News: Gregorio . Xave . Goodbye 'Build, Build, Build'; P1.196-T sought for PBBM's 'Build, Better, More' infrastructure program . December 30, 2022 . . December 29, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221229083743/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2022/12/29/2234071/marcos-formalizes-dutertes-spoken-order-suspend-e-sabong . December 29, 2022.
  118. News: Fernandez . Daniza . July 25, 2022 . Bongbong Marcos to continue Duterte's infrastructure program . en . Philippine Daily Inquirer . August 16, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220725092934/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1634242/marcos-to-continue-dutertes-infra-program . July 25, 2022.
  119. News: Marcos admin bares P9-T flagship infra projects; 45 to funded by PPPs . March 10, 2023 . PhilStar Global . March 9, 2023 .
  120. News: NEDA Board OKs ₱9-T infra projects . https://web.archive.org/web/20230310031332/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/business/2023/3/9/neda-board-oks-infra-projects-marcos-admin.html?fb&fbclid=IwAR2SjQiewXp-S2k6Va92X8eQDM6lsdA0pU-U0PE58igS04pcX7E2HjeqAis . dead . March 10, 2023 . March 10, 2023 . . March 9, 2023 .
  121. News: Quismorio . Ellson . August 23, 2022 . Goodbye 'Build, Build, Build'; P1.196-T sought for PBBM's 'Build, Better, More' infrastructure program . Manila Bulletin . September 10, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220823025229/https://mb.com.ph/2022/08/23/goodbye-build-build-build-p1-196-t-sought-for-build-better-more-infrastructure-program/ . August 23, 2022.
  122. News: More LGUs support Marcos' housing program . Calalo . Arlie O. . . December 1, 2022 . December 3, 2022 .
  123. News: 10 more LGUs sign up for Pambansang Pabahay . . November 28, 2022 . December 3, 2022 .
  124. News: Marcos says 1.2-M housing sites started since he assumed office . GMA News Online . Bajo . Anna Felicia . April 19, 2023 . April 19, 2023 .
  125. News: Marcos vows to continue upgrade of PH transport system . Philippine News Agency . Parrocha . Azer . January 9, 2023 . March 8, 2023 .
  126. Web site: Marcos vows to 'modernize' PH transportation . The Manila Times . March 4, 2023 . Valente . Catherine S. . Baroña . Franco Jose C. . Cua . Aric John Sy . March 8, 2023 .
  127. Web site: Bongbong Marcos vows to modernize, improve PH transportation system . Inquirer.net . March 3, 2023 . March 8, 2023 .
  128. News: Relativo . James . Jeepney strike ends as gov't agrees to review modernization program . May 17, 2023 . . March 8, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230308152935/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2023/03/08/2250172/jeepney-strike-ends-govt-agrees-review-modernization-program . March 8, 2023.
  129. News: Dela Cruz . Raymond Carl . July 15, 2022 . China withdraws funding for 3 railway projects: DOTr exec . en . Philippine News Agency . August 16, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220715104945/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1179059 . July 15, 2022.
  130. News: Philippine News Agency . Philippine News Agency . August 15, 2022 . PH, China resume talks on transport projects . en . The Manila Times . August 16, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220814170608/https://www.manilatimes.net/2022/08/15/news/national/ph-china-resume-talks-on-transport-projects/1854605 . August 14, 2022.
  131. News: Mercado . Neil Arwin . July 1, 2022 . DOTr: Marcos extends free EDSA Carousel bus rides, OKs free train rides for students . Philippine Daily Inquirer . July 1, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220701145056/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1620343/dotr-bongbong-marcos-extends-free-edsa-carousel-bus-rides-oks-free-train-rides-for-students . July 1, 2022.
  132. News: July 1, 2022 . Commuters get free Edsa carousel bus rides until December . Philippine News Agency . July 1, 2022.
  133. News: July 13, 2022 . DOTr: Free train rides for students now only on LRT2 . GMA News Online . July 14, 2022.
  134. News: Cabrera . Romina . August 18, 2022 . LTFRB reopens 133 PUV routes in Metro Manila . The Philippine Star . October 10, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220817163854/https://www.philstar.com/nation/2022/08/18/2203487/ltfrb-reopens-133-puv-routes-metro-manila . August 17, 2022.
  135. News: Araja . Rio N. . September 22, 2022 . LTFRB to open 50 more NCR routes . Manila Standard . October 10, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220921164220/https://manilastandard.net/news/314261968/ltfrb-to-open-50-more-ncr-routes.html . September 21, 2022.
  136. News: August 14, 2022 . New BTA unites former warring MILF, MNLF rebels . Philippine News Agency . October 10, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220814100046/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1181310 . August 14, 2022.
  137. News: Offic . August 12, 2022 . Pres. Marcos Jr. appoints new BTA members consistent with Bangsamoro peace agreement . BARMM Official Website . Office of Chief Minister's Information & Communications Office . October 10, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220812125416/https://bangsamoro.gov.ph/news/latest-news/pres-marcos-jr-appoints-new-bta-members-consistent-with-bangsamoro-peace-agreement/ . August 12, 2022.
  138. News: Maralit . Kristina . Baroña . Franco Jose C. . Elcac to wipe out NPA 'within the year' . May 14, 2023 . . May 12, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230511210521/https://www.manilatimes.net/2023/05/12/news/national/elcac-to-wipe-out-npa-within-the-year/1890953 . May 11, 2023 . en.
  139. News: Nepomuceno . Priam . PBBM wants NTF-ELCAC recalibrated; VP now body's co-vice chair . May 14, 2023 . . May 12, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230511212247/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1201245 . May 11, 2023.
  140. News: Manahan . Job . Marcos grants amnesty to former rebels 'to foster lasting peace' . November 24, 2023 . . November 24, 2023.
  141. News: Robles . Raissa . Will Philippine peace talks end rebel conflict for good or 'aid the enemy'? . December 3, 2023 . . December 3, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231203125315/https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/politics/article/3243573/will-philippines-revived-peace-talks-end-rebel-conflict-good-or-aid-enemy . December 3, 2023 . en.
  142. News: Romero . Alexis . NTF-ELCAC won't be abolished, says Marcos . 31 May 2024 . . May 17, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240531112351/https://qa.philstar.com/headlines/2024/05/17/2355714/ntf-elcac-wont-be-abolished-says-marcos . 31 May 2024.
  143. News: Mangaluz . Jean . Marcos says no plan or reason to abolish NTF-Elcac . 31 May 2024 . . 16 May 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240516184741/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1941409/marcos-says-no-plan-or-reason-to-abolish-ntf-elcac-2 . 16 May 2024 . en.
  144. News: Cordero . Ted . July 2, 2022 . DSWD: Marcos wants 4Ps beneficiaries list 'cleaned' . en . GMA News Online . July 3, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220702083040/https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/836823/dswd-marcos-wants-4ps-beneficiaries-list-cleaned/story/ . July 2, 2022.
  145. News: Mercado . Neil Arwin . July 21, 2022 . Delisting of 'nonpoor' 4Ps beneficiaries might take weeks — Tulfo . en . Philippine Daily Inquirer . July 24, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220721052650/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1631905/delisting-of-nonpoor-4ps-beneficiaries-might-take-weeks-tulfo . July 21, 2022.
  146. News: Mendoza . John Eric . August 25, 2022 . No walk-ins allowed to get DSWD educational cash aid . en . Philippine Daily Inquirer . August 27, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220824165320/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1652788/no-walk-ins-allowed-in-dswd-educational-cash-aid . August 24, 2022.
  147. News: September 25, 2022 . DSWD: Over 600,000 students received cash aid . CNN Philippines . September 26, 2022 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20220925112344/https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2022/9/25/dswd-educational-cash-aid-rollout-beneficiaries.html . September 25, 2022.
  148. News: Sarao . Zacarian . July 30, 2022 . Bongbong Marcos vetoes transport safety board, tax-free poll workers' honoraria bills . en . Philippine Daily Inquirer . August 1, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220730084402/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1637766/bongbong-marcos-vetoes-transport-safety-board-tax-free-poll-workers-honoraria-bills . July 30, 2022.
  149. News: Bordey . Hana . Marcos bucks total deployment ban vs. Kuwait . May 27, 2023 . . May 26, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230526063432/https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/pinoyabroad/dispatch/871215/marcos-bucks-total-deployment-ban-vs-kuwait/story/ . May 26, 2023 . en.
  150. News: Dela Peña . Kurt . P278,434/month for Gadon as Cabinet member: Flaunting 'lack of prudence' . July 9, 2023 . . June 29, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230629075150/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1795108/p278434-month-for-gadon-as-cabinet-member-flaunting-lack-of-prudence . June 29, 2023 . en.
  151. News: Chi . Cristina . Gadon as anti-poverty czar: What is his actual job? How much will he be paid? . July 9, 2023 . . June 28, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230628103618/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2023/06/27/2276961/gadon-anti-poverty-czar-what-his-actual-job-how-much-will-he-be-paid . June 28, 2023.
  152. News: Manahan . Job . 'BBM: Batang Busog, Malusog' is Gadon's first project as Marcos anti-poverty adviser . July 9, 2023 . . June 27, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230627080856/https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/06/27/23/bbm-feeding-program-is-gadons-1st-project-as-anti-poverty-adviser . June 27, 2023.
  153. News: Domingo . Katrina . Post-pandemic must-have: Marcos vows better internet in far-flung areas . January 1, 2023 . . December 26, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221227053319/https://news.abs-cbn.com/business/12/26/22/marcos-vows-better-internet-in-far-flung-areas . December 27, 2022.
  154. News: Galvez . Daphne . Bongbong Marcos signs SIM Card Registration Act . January 1, 2023 . . October 10, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221010034353/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1677723/fwd-marcos-jr-signs-into-law-sim-card-registration-act . October 10, 2022 . en.
  155. News: Hilotin . Jay . Philippines: 54 million unregistered SIM cards deactivated, what happens next . August 12, 2023 . . August 10, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230811053011/https://gulfnews.com/world/asia/philippines/philippines-54-million-unregistered-sim-cards-deactivated-what-happens-next-1.1691673039604 . August 11, 2023 . en.
  156. News: Is it Brazil, Indonesia or Switzerland? Tourism advert of Philippines uses stock footage from other countries . July 3, 2023 . . July 3, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230703093848/https://www.wionews.com/world/is-it-brazil-indonesia-or-switzerland-tourism-advert-of-philippines-uses-stock-footage-from-other-countries-611201 . July 3, 2023 . en-us.
  157. News: de Leon . Dwight . 'Love the Philippines' stock footage brouhaha draws lawmakers' ire . July 3, 2023 . . July 3, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230703094022/https://www.rappler.com/nation/lawmakers-reaction-love-the-philippines-stock-footage-controversy-department-tourism-ddb-july-2023/ . July 3, 2023.
  158. News: Adel . Rosette . DOT terminates tourism branding campaign contract with DDB Philippines after use of stock footage . July 9, 2023 . . July 3, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230703081218/https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2023/07/03/2278359/dot-terminates-tourism-branding-campaign-contract-ddb-philippines-after-use-stock-footage . July 3, 2023.
  159. News: Gascon . Melvin . Santos . Tina G. . DOT chief keeping 'Love' campaign despite mess . July 9, 2023 . . July 6, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230705215032/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1797988/dot-chief-keeping-love-campaign-despite-mess . July 5, 2023 . en.
  160. News: Mangaluz . Jean . Tourism chief Frasco still has Marcos' trust despite 'Love Philippines' video mess . July 9, 2023 . . July 7, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230707192431/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1798742/marcos-still-absolutely-trusts-frasco-despite-love-philippines-fiasco . July 7, 2023 . en.
  161. News: Saavedra . John Rey . PH to open 15 more tourist rest areas, says DOT chief . 2 June 2024 . . July 10, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230815081934/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1205321 . August 15, 2023.
  162. News: PBBM, Frasco Lead Inauguration of Tourist Rest Area in Pagudpud . 2 June 2024 . . May 17, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240602043800/https://beta.tourism.gov.ph/news_and_updates/pbbm-frasco-lead-inauguration-of-tourist-rest-area-in-pagudpug/ . June 2, 2024.
  163. News: Gita-Carlos . Ruth Abbey . PBBM pledges 'safer, more prosperous' PH amid challenging times . July 30, 2022 . . July 22, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220722024612/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1179454 . July 22, 2022 . en.
  164. News: Sim . Dewey . Xi's surprise meeting with Duterte the latest bid to improve ties with Manila . July 19, 2023 . . July 18, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230719160457/https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3228126/xis-surprise-meeting-duterte-latest-bid-improve-ties-manila . July 19, 2023 . en.
  165. News: The Star/Asia News Network . March 2, 2022 . French court rules Malaysia owes $14.92 billion to sultan of Sulu's heirs . en . Philippine Daily Inquirer . August 27, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220302033901/https://globalnation.inquirer.net/202757/french-court-rules-malaysia-owes-14-92-billion-to-sultan-of-sulus-heirs . March 2, 2022.
  166. News: Unite . Betheena . August 2, 2022 . Sulu sultanate heirs' Sabah issue a 'private claim,' says Palace . Manila Bulletin . August 27, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220802102141/https://mb.com.ph/2022/08/02/sulu-sultanate-heirs-sabah-issue-a-private-claim-says-palace/ . August 2, 2022.
  167. News: Parrocha . Azer . September 8, 2022 . PBBM's Indonesia, Singapore trips reap $14.36B in biz deals . en . Philippine News Agency . September 9, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220909111405/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1183180 . September 9, 2022.
  168. News: Parrocha . Azer . September 29, 2022 . Marcos gets $3.9-B investment pledges from US trip . Philippine News Agency . October 4, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220929065849/https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1184926 . September 29, 2022.
  169. News: Ang . Marvin Joseph . October 3, 2022 . Marcos's unannounced Singapore visit 'productive' one: Malacañang . en-PH . Yahoo! News . October 4, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221003045144/https://ph.news.yahoo.com/malacanang-marcos-unannounced-singapore-visit-productive-040810422.html . October 3, 2022.
  170. Web site: Fernandez . Daniza . October 12, 2022 . Bongbong Marcos' trip to Singapore 'partly official, partly personal' — Bersamin . October 12, 2022 . INQUIRER.net . en.
  171. News: Baroña . Franco Joseph . 'China our strongest partner' – Marcos . November 18, 2022 . . June 11, 2022.
  172. News: Viray . Patricia Lourdes . 'We can't go to war with China': Marcos echoes Duterte on West Philippine Sea . November 18, 2022 . . May 26, 2022.
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