Prime Minister of Assam explained

Post:Prime Minister
Body:Assam
Insignia:British Raj Red Ensign.svg
Insigniasize:160px
Style:The Honorable
Appointer:Governor of Assam
Formation:April 1937
First:Gopinath Bordoloi
Abolished:August 1947

The prime minister of Assam[1] was the head of government and the leader of the House in the Legislative Assembly of Assam Province in British India. The position was dissolved upon the Partition of India in 1947.

History

The office was created under the Government of India Act 1935. During the 1937 Indian provincial elections in Assam, the Indian National Congress emerged as the single largest party. But due to its pan-Indian policy of boycotting constitutional government under the British Raj, it refused to form government and became the main opposition party. Hence, the governor invited the Assam Provincial Muslim League, led by Sir Syed Muhammad Saadulla, to form the government in April 1937. The first Saadulla ministry collapsed in September 1938. The Assamese Congress, led by Gopinath Bordoloi, claimed the right to form government and was invited by the governor to do so on 21 September.[2] The Bordoloi ministry saw the beginning of World War II. After a request from Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, the Bordoloi ministry resigned in 1939. Across India, Congress leaders including Bordoloi were arrested in 1940 due to the Congress's strong opposition to war efforts. The Congress was briefly outlawed during the Quit India movement. Saadulla was invited to form two ministries on 17 November 1939 and 24 August 1942, with intervening periods of Governor's rule in between. Saadulla served as prime minister for a total of 9 years. Bordoloi was released in 1944. During the 1946 Indian provincial elections, the Congress led by Bordoloi received a majority and formed government once again. On 6 July 1947, the Sylhet referendum voted for the partition of Muslim-majority Sylhet district from Assam; and merger with East Bengal. Bordoloi later became the first Chief Minister of Assam after Indian independence in 1947.

Office holders

No Name Image Term(s)[3] Party Governor Viceroy
1 Sir Syed Muhammad Saadulla1 April 1937-August 21 Assam Valley Party (coalition with INC) Robert Neil ReidThe Marquess of Linlithgow
2 21 September - 17 November 1939 Robert Neil ReidThe Marquess of Linlithgow
3 17 November 1939 - 25 December 1941
24 August 1942 - 11 February 1946
Assam Valley Party (coalition with AIML) Robert Neil ReidSir Andrew Gourlay ClowThe Marquess of Linlithgow
The Viscount Wavell
4 11 February 1946 - 15 August 1947 Sir Andrew Gourlay ClowMuhammad Saleh Akbar HydariThe Viscount Wavell
Earl Mountbatten

See also

Notes and References

  1. Web site: The Assam Tribune Online . www.assamtribune.com . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20130925205228/http://www.assamtribune.com/scripts/detailsnew.asp?id=sep2113/at09 . 2013-09-25.
  2. Kuri Shatikar Kurijan Bishista Asamiya, Editors-Sharma, Dr. Pranati and Sharma, Anil. Journal Emporium, 1999
  3. Web site: Assam Legislative Assembly - Chief Ministers since 1937 . 2017-07-22 . 2017-10-01 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171001074118/http://assamassembly.gov.in/cm-list.html . dead .