Premetro Explained

Premetro (sometimes pre-metro) is a type of light rail transit. Here infrastructure is gradually built with the goal to use rapid transit trains in the distant future, but using trams or light rail vehicles preliminary in the meantime. This infrastructure consists of tunnels and/or viaducts, so vehicles have no conflicts with other traffic. To achieve that these rapid trains will be able to use the infrastructure, wider curves and lesser grades need to be designed and built.[1] [2] [3] [4] [5]

Premetro versus semi-metro

The use of tram vehicles in tunnels originated in the United States in the nineteenth century and was often called "subway–surface line". Later, in the second half of the twentieth century the term "semi-metro" was coined for tram systems with some sections in tunnels and on viaducts. Only when a semi-metro section is designed for later use of heavy rapid transit trains, it falls in the premetro category. The large scale report "Light Rail Transit: A State of the Art Review" describes on page 9 the relationship of premetro systems to broader terms as follows: The same distinction is made in glossaries.[6] During the period when tram vehicles are used, the specific line falls into the light rail category.[7] [8]

History

An early example was the Tremont Street subway (1897) in Boston, today part of the MBTA Green Line. This tunnel was intended solely to reduce streetcar congestion on surface streets, not for later conversion to metro service. However between 1901 and 1908, two out of four tracks were used for rapid transit service including high platforms.[9] Several early streetcar tunnels, including the Steinway Tunnel and East Boston Tunnel, were later converted to metro operation. However, the small loading gauge, tight curves, and steep grades of the streetcar tunnels required shorter metro cars than otherwise desirable.[10] In 1950 Stockholm effectively used a pre-war tramtunnel for its first rapid transit line.[11]

Second generation

The modern premetro concept German: [[Stadtbahn]] began in 1960s Germany, as rising traffic congestion due to auto ownership led to the construction of new transit systems. Rather than building costly metro lines immediately, some cities built only the downtown tunnels. They could be used by existing tram lines in the short term, with the intention of full metro conversion later - hence "pre-metro".[12] The idea spread to other European countries in the 1970s, especially Belgium, where such systems were explicitly named premetros. Also one segment of Vienna's U2 metro line (Rathaus-Museumsquartier) is an in 1980 converted underground tramway line, which was constructed in 1966.

Examples

See main article: List of premetro systems.

Previously converted lines

Lines being converted

Lines without plans to be converted

See also

Notes and References

  1. Book: Program . Transit Cooperative Research . Transit Capacity and Quality of Service Manual . 2013 . Transportation Research Board . 978-0-309-28344-1 . 53 . en . 11 Glossary and symbols . pre-metro — a light rail transit system designed with provisions for easy conversion to heavy rail (rail rapid transit)..
  2. Book: De Leuw, Cather & Company . Light Rail Transit: A State of the Art Review, Executive Summary . This step-by-step planning approach to building rail rapid transit is known as pre-metro, implying the intention to ultimately construct a fully grade separated route to be used by rail rapid transit or metro trains. . 1976 . 47 . 30 August 2023.
  3. Book: Jenkin . P. . Urban Railways and the Civil Engineer . 1988 . Thomas Telford . 978-0-7277-1337-7 . 9 August 2024 . Pre-Metro is an extreme case of light rail, on segregated right of way, and designed to upgrading to metro when passenger demand increases sufficiently..
  4. Book: Mattila . Matti . Wizzit Magazine 3/2011 . 5 August 2012 . Annorlunda Mediatuotanto Oy . 978-1-4478-2842-6 . 19 . 9 August 2024 . Premetros also allow a gradual upgrade of existing tramways to rapid transit, thus spreading the investments costs over time..
  5. News: Letters to the editor -- The tram is the answer . John Hoyle . . Cities such as Frankfurt and Cologne in West Germany have further developed their tramway system by introducing a concept known as "premetro." In this system trams or light rail vehicles make extensive use of tunnels, reserve track and by utilizing folding steps these vehicles can operate through high or low stopping places. . 16 May 1975 . 2014-01-13.
  6. Web site: PREMETRO [1 record] ]. 8 October 2009 . TERMIUM Plus® . 23 July 2024 . Un semi-métro peut constituer une étape intermédiaire vers la constitution d'un véritable métro lorsqu'il est envisagé d'étendre par phases successives le site propre intégral à la totalité de la ligne ou du réseau. Les ouvrages sont alors dimensionnés au gabarit du futur métro et on parle du pré-métro. . fr.
  7. Book: Transportation Research Board National Research Council . Urban Public Transportation Glossary . 1989 . 16 February 2023 . pre-metro: a light rail transit system designed with provisions for easy conversion to rail rapid transit.
  8. Book: Vuchic . Vukan R. . Urban transit systems and technology . 2007 . J. Wiley & Sons . Hoboken, N.J . 9780471758235 . 580 . 10.1002/9780470168066.fmatter . 7 October 2023 . PREMETRO—An LRT system designed with provisions for easy conversion into RRT (metro)..
  9. Web site: Boston Elevated Railway Company, Main Line Elevated Structure (HAER) . www.nycsubway.org . "the outer tracks of the Tremont Street Tunnel which was adapted to elevated train use in 1901 by the construction of higher platforms" . 7 August 2024.
  10. Book: Cudahy, Brian J. . Change at Park Street Under . 1972 . Stephen Greene Press . 0828901732 . 72081531 . 10-11, 31-33 . registration .
  11. Book: Geoffrey . Skelsey . Brussels Metro to Grow As Pre-metro Shrinks . 2018 . London Underground Railway Society . 3.
  12. Trams are coming back . Ian Yearsley . . Reed Business Information Ltd. . But instead of building the entire expensive systems immediately, the Germans hit on the idea of building only the city centre tunnels at first. Intended in the long run to be extended to full undergrounds, in the short term they could be used by trams which would continue to run on the surface outside city centres. The idea spread to other European countries, especially Belgium, where it became known as pre-metro. Today Brussels, Frankfurt, Stuttgart and many other cities are filling their central business districts with construction sites to move the trains underground. . 21 December 1972 . 2014-01-14.
  13. Book: Araujo . Ricardo Melo . Plano conceitual de transporte de passageiros sobre trilhos na Região Metropolitana de Curitiba . December 2017 . Curitiba . 36 . pt . 30 October 2024.
  14. Web site: Une station fantôme au secours du futur Métro Nord de la STIB. Geoffroy Fabre. RTBF. 2014-03-19. 2014-05-09.
  15. Web site: Antwerpen Tram & Premetro . UrbanRail.net . Antwerpen rail network is a typical premetro network. . 2013. 2014-01-22.

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Premetro".

Except where otherwise indicated, Everything.Explained.Today is © Copyright 2009-2025, A B Cryer, All Rights Reserved. Cookie policy.