Potassium trichloridocuprate(II) explained

Potassium trichloridocuprate(II) is a salt with chemical formula, more properly .

It is a member of the "halide" sub-family of perovskite materials with general formula where is a monovalent cation, is a divalent cation, and is a halide anion.

The compound occurs in nature as the bright red mineral sanguite.

The compound is also called potassium trichlorocuprate(II), potassium copper(II) trichloride, potassium cupric chloride and other similar names. The latter is used also for potassium tetrachloridocuprate(II) .

Preparation and properties

The compound can be obtained by evaporation of a solution of potassium chloride and copper(II) chloride in 1:1 mole ratio.

The anhydrous form is garnet-red. It can be crystallized from a molten mixture of potassium chloride and copper(II) chloride . or by evaporation from a solution of the salts in ethanol. It is very hygroscopic, and soluble in methanol and ethanol. It is antiferromagnetic below 30 K, and pleochroic, with maximum visible absorption when the electric vector is parallel to the Cu–Cu vector of the dimer.

Structure

Anhydrous

The anhydrous mineral form (sanguite) has the monoclinic crystal structure, with symmetry group P21/c and lattice parameters a = 402.81 pm, b = 1379.06 pm, c = 873.35 pm, and β = 97.137°, cell volume V = 0.48138 nm3, and formulas per cell Z = 4. The measured density is 2.86 g/cm3, close to the calculated one 2.88 g/cm3. It contains discrete almost planar anions, each with the two copper atoms connected by two bridging chlorine atoms. These anions are arranged in columns consisting of distorted edge-sharing octahedra, stacked in double chains parallel to the a axis. The columnsoccupy the edges and the centre of the cell's projection on the bc plane. The potassium atoms are located between these columns; each cation is surrounded by nine chlorine atoms. The mineral is optically biaxial (negative), with α = 1.653, β = 1.780, γ = 1.900', 2V= 85°. The mineral is named from the Latin sanguis (blood), alluding to its color.

Theoretical calculations for this topology give the lattice parameters as a = 1388.1 pm, b = 427.7 pm, c = 896.5 pm, α = 79.855°, cell volume V = 0.523891 nm3, calculated density 2.65 g/cm3.

Theoretical

An alternative theoretical structure for the compound has a cubic crystal system, symmetry group Pm3m[221], with the copper atoms arranged as corners of a cubic grid, a potassium atom at the center of each cube and a chlorine atom at the midpoint of each edge. The latice parameters are a = b = c = 485.8 pm, V = 0.114684 nm3, predicted density 3.03 g/cm3.

References

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

Notes and References

  1. "Potassium trichlorocuprate(1-)". Chemical page 44145367 at the PubChem website. Accessed on 2022-07-18.
  2. 10.6028/jres.073A.049 . Crystallography and preparation of some ABCl3 compounds . 1969 . McMurdie . H.F. . De Groot . J. . Morris . M. . Swanson . H.E. . Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards Section A . 73A . 6 . 621 .
  3. 10.1063/1.1733520 . Crystal Structures of KCuCl3 and NH4CuCl3 . 1963 . Willett . Roger D. . Dwiggins . Claudius . Kruh . R. F. . Rundle . R. E. . The Journal of Chemical Physics . 38 . 10 . 2429–2436 . 1963JChPh..38.2429W .
  4. 10.1016/S0022-3697(99)00072-4 . Magnetic excitations in the spin gap system KCuCl3 and TlCuCl3 . 1999 . Kato . T. . Oosawa . A. . Takatsu . K. . Tanaka . H. . Shiramura . W. . Nakajima . K. . Kakurai . K. . Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids . 60 . 8–9 . 1125–1128 . 1999JPCS...60.1125K .
  5. 1209.0235 . 10.1088/1742-6596/400/3/032042 . Longitudinal magnetic excitation in KCuCl3 studied by Raman scattering under hydrostatic pressures . 2012 . Kuroe . H. . Takami . N. . Niwa . N. . Sekine . T. . Matsumoto . M. . Yamada . F. . Tanaka . H. . Takemura . K. . Journal of Physics: Conference Series . 400 . 3 . 032042 . 2012JPhCS.400c2042K . 96200315 .
  6. 10.1088/0953-8984/12/25/310 . Quantum magnetic interactions in S = 1/2 KCuCl3 . 2000 . Cavadini . N. . Heigold . G. . Henggeler . W. . Furrer . A. . Güdel . H-U . Krämer . K. . Mutka . H. . Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter . 12 . 25 . 5463–5472 . 2000JPCM...12.5463C . 250757988 .
  7. 10.1007/s100510050642 . Magnetic excitations in the quantum spin system KCuCl . 1999 . Cavadini . N. . Henggeler . W. . Furrer . A. . Güdel . H.-U. . Krämer . K. . Mutka . H. . The European Physical Journal B . 7 . 4 . 519–522 . 1999EPJB....7..519C . 115539179 .
  8. 10.17188/1201674 . 2020 . None Available . Materials Data on KCuCl3 by Materials Project . LBNL Materials Project; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States) .
  9. 10.17188/1354951 . 2017 . None Available . Materials Data on KCuCl3 (SG:221) by Materials Project . LBNL Materials Project; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States) .
  10. 10.1016/S0010-8545(00)80445-2 . Chlorocuprates(II) . 1976 . Smith . D.W. . Coordination Chemistry Reviews . 21 . 2–3 . 93–158 .
  11. 10.3749/canmin.1500012 . Sanguite, KCuCl3, A New Mineral from the Tolbachik Volcano, Kamchatka, Russia . 2015 . Pekov . Igor V. . Zubkova . Natalia V. . Belakovskiy . Dmitry I. . Lykova . Inna S. . Yapaskurt . Vasiliy O. . Vigasina . Marina F. . Sidorov . Evgeny G. . Pushcharovsky . Dmitry Yu. . The Canadian Mineralogist . 53 . 4 . 633–641 .

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Potassium trichloridocuprate(II)".

Except where otherwise indicated, Everything.Explained.Today is © Copyright 2009-2024, A B Cryer, All Rights Reserved. Cookie policy.