Post-romanticism explained

Post-romanticism or Postromanticism refers to a range of cultural endeavors and attitudes emerging in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, after the period of Romanticism.

In literature

The period of post-romanticism in poetry is defined as the mid-to-late nineteenth century,^[1] but includes the much earlier poetry of Letitia Elizabeth Landon^[2] and Tennyson.^[3]

Notable post-romantic writers

• Herman Melville^[4]
• Thomas Carlyle
• Gustave Flaubert^[5]

In music

Post-romanticism in music refers to composers who wrote classical symphonies, operas, and songs in transitional style that constituted a blend of late romantic and early modernist musical languages.Arthur Berger described the mysticism of La Jeune France as post-Romanticism rather than neo-Romanticism.^[6]

Post-romantic composers created music that used traditional forms combined with advanced harmony. Kaikhosru Shapurji Sorabji created post-romantic nocturnes that used unconventional harmonic language and Béla Bartók, for example, "in such Strauss-influenced works as Duke Bluebeard's Castle", may be described as having still used "dissonance ['such intervals as fourths and sevenths'] in traditional forms of music for purposes of post-romantic expression, not simply always as an appeal to the primal art of sound".^[7]

Other notable post-romantic composers

• Richard Wagner^[8]
• Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky
• Anton Bruckner
• Giacomo Puccini
• Richard Strauss
• Gustav Mahler
• Jean Sibelius
• Alexander Scriabin
• Sergei Rachmaninoff
• Modest Mussorgsky
• Kaikhosru Shapurji Sorabji

Further reading

• Burkholder, J. Peter, Donald Jay Grout, and Claude V. Palisca. A History of Western Music, 7th ed., New York: W. W. Norton, 2006.
• Pappas. Sara. Review of Claudia Moscovici, Romanticism and Postromanticism (Lanham, Maryland: Lexington Books, 2007). Nineteenth-Century French Studies. 36. 3 & 4. Spring–Summer 2008. 335–337. University of Nebraska Press. 10.1353/ncf.0.0035. none.
• Tilby, Michael. Review of Claudia Moscovici, Romanticism and Postromanticism. , vol. 62, no. 4, October 2008, pp. 486–487.

See also

• Aestheticism
• Arts and Crafts movement
• Decadent movement
• Düsseldorf School
• Modernism
• Musical nationalism
• Neoclassicism
• Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood
• Symbolist Movement
• Vegetarianism and Romanticism
• Victorian literature
• Marxist-Leninist views on Romanticism
• Underground culture

Notes and References

1. Hawthorne's 'Birthmark': Is There a Post-Romantic Lesson for the 'Men of Science'?. Faith Lagay. Virtual Mentor. 8. 8. 541–544. August 2006. 10.1001/virtualmentor.2006.8.8.mhum1-0608.
2. Sybille Baumbach,, (eds). A History of British Poetry, Trier: Wissenschaftlicher Verlag Trier 2015. . Section 19: "Poetic Genres in the Victorian Age I: Letitia Elizabeth Landon's and Alfred Lord Tennyson's Post-Romantic Verse Narratives" by .
3. Richard Bradford, A Linguistic History of English Poetry, New York: Routledge, 1993, p. 134. .
4. Robert Milder, Exiled Royalties: Melville and the Life We Imagine, New York: Oxford University Press, 2006, p. 41.
5. Stephen Heath, Gustave Flaubert, Madame Bovary, Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 1992, p. 13. .
6. [Virgil Thomson]
7. [Daniel Albright]
8. https://www.classicalarchives.com/period/7.html "Period: Late– Post-Romantic"