Political violence in Germany (1918–1933) explained

Conflict:	Political violence in Germany (1918–1933)
Partof:	the interwar period
Place:	Germany
Date:	29 October 1918 — 23 March 1933
Combatant1:	Reichswehr Iron Front German: [[Reichsbanner Schwarz-Rot-Gold|Reichsbanner]] SPD
Combatant2:	Far-left Communist Party of Germany Free Workers' Union of Germany RFB Antifa IKB (1918) Spartacus League (1918–19) Soviet republics in Germany (1918–19)
Combatant3:	Far-right German: [[Freikorps]] German: [[Der Stahlhelm, Bund der Frontsoldaten|Der Stahlhelm]] German: [[Organisation Consul]] Nazi Party Sturmabteilung
Commander2:	Rosa Luxemburg Karl Liebknecht Karl Radek Ernst Thälmann Wilhelm Pieck Richard Müller Kurt Eisner Ernst Toller Eugen Leviné Erich Mühsam
Commander1:	Friedrich Ebert Paul von Hindenburg
Commander3:	Erich Ludendorff Walther von Lüttwitz Hermann Ehrhardt Adolf Hitler Ernst Röhm

Germany saw significant political violence from the fall of the Empire and the rise of the Republic through the German Revolution of 1918–1919, until the rise of the Nazi Party to power with 1933 elections and the proclamation of the Enabling Act of 1933 that fully broke down all opposition. The violence was characterised by assassinations by and confrontations between right-wing groups such as the German: [[Freikorps]] (sometimes in collusion with the state), and left-wing organisations such as the Communist Party of Germany.^[1]

Incidents of violent unrest in Weimar Republic

• German Revolution of 1918–1919 (1918-1919)
  • Kiel mutiny (1918)
  • Christmas crisis (1918)
  • Spartacist uprising (1919)
  • Berlin March Battles (1919)
• Silesian Uprisings (1919-1921)
• Reichstag Bloodbath (1920)
• Kapp-Lüttwitz Putsch (1920)
• Ruhr uprising (1920)
• March Action (1921)
• Cuno strikes (1923)
• Küstrin Putsch (1923)
• German October (1923)
• Hamburg Uprising (1923)
• Beer Hall Putsch (1923)
• Blutmai (1929)
• Altona Bloody Sunday (1932)
• 1932 Prussian coup d'état (1932)
• Reichstag fire (1933)

See also

• Adolf Hitler's rise to power
• Right-wing extremist attacks in Berlin-Neukölln

Further reading

• Book: Blasius, Dirk . Weimars Ende. Bürgerkrieg und Politik 1930–1933 . The end of Weimar. Civil war and politics 1930–1933 . 2008 . . . 978-3-596-17503-1.
• Book: Brown, Timothy S. . 2009 . Weimar Radicals: Nazis and Communists Between Authenticity and Performance . Berghahn .
• Book: Elsbach, Sebastian . Das Reichsbanner Schwarz-Rot-Gold: Republikschutz und politische Gewalt in der Weimarer Republik . The Banner Black-Red-Gold: Republican defense and political violence in the Weimar Republic . 2019 . Franz Steiner Verlag . 978-3515124676 .
• Book: Jones, Mark . 2018 . Founding Weimar: Violence and the German Revolution of 1918–1919 . Cambridge University Press . Cambridge . 978-1107535527.
• Book: McDonough, Frank . The Weimar Years: Rise and Fall 1918–1933 . 2023 . Apollo Publishers . New York City . 978-1803284781 .
• Book: Schumann, Dirk . 2009 . Political Violence in the Weimar Republic, 1918–1933: Fight for the Streets and Fear of Civil War . Berghahn .
• Book: Lindemann . Gerhard . Schmeitzner . Mike . ...da schlagen wir zu: Politische Gewalt in Sachsen 1930–1935 . ...there we strike: Political violence in Saxony 1930–1935 . 2020 . V&R unipress . Göttingen . 9783847109341 .
• Book: Zerback, Ralf . Triumph der Gewalt: Drei deutsche Jahre (1932 bis 1934) . Triumph of violence: Three German years (1932 to 1934) . 2022 . Klett-Cotta . Stuttgart . 978-3608986488 .

Notes and References

1. Web site: Terror from the far right in the Weimar Republic . Barbara . Manthe . . 21 November 2018 .