Political system explained

In political science, a political system means the type of political organization that can be recognized, observed or otherwise declared by a state.[1]

It defines the process for making official government decisions. It usually comprizes the governmental legal and economic system, social and cultural system, and other state and government specific systems. However, this is a very simplified view of a much more complex system of categories involving the questions of who should have authority and what the government influence on its people and economy should be.

The main types of political systems recognized are democracies, totalitarian regimes and, sitting between these two, authoritarian regimes with a variety of hybrid regimes.[2] [3] Modern classification system also include monarchies as a standalone entity or as a hybrid system of the main three.[4] [5]

Definition

According to David Easton, "A political system can be designated as the interactions through which values are authoritatively allocated for a society".[6] Political system refers broadly to the process by which laws are made and public resources allocated in a society, and to the relationships among those involved in making these decisions.[7]

Social political science

See also: List of forms of government. The sociological interest in political systems is figuring out who holds power within the relationship between the government and its people and how the government’s power is used. According to Yale professor Juan José Linz there a three main types of political systems today: democracies, totalitarian regimes and, sitting between these two, authoritarian regimes (with hybrid regimes).[3] [8] Another modern classification system includes monarchies as a standalone entity or as a hybrid system of the main three.[4] Scholars generally refer to a dictatorship as either a form of authoritarianism or totalitarianism.[9] [3] [10]

Democracy

See also: Types of democracy.

Hybrid

See also: Democratization and Democratic backsliding.

Sociological and socioanthropological classification

Social anthropologists generally recognize four kinds of political systems, two of which are uncentralized and two of which are centralized.[11]

See also

Further reading

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Political system | Types, Components, Functions, & Facts | Britannica .
  2. Book: Dobratz, B.A. . Power, Politics, and Society: An Introduction to Political Sociology . Taylor & Francis . 2015 . 978-1-317-34529-9 . Apr 30, 2023 . 47.
  3. Book: . 2000 . Totalitarian and Authoritarian Regimes . Lynne Rienner Publisher . 143. 978-1-55587-890-0 . 1172052725 .
  4. Book: Ginny Garcia-Alexander . Hyeyoung Woo . Matthew J. Carlson . 3 November 2017 . Social Foundations of Behavior for the Health Sciences . Springer . 137– . 978-3-319-64950-4 . 1013825392 .
  5. Web site: 14.2 Types of Political Systems . 8 April 2016 . 19 October 2022 . 22 October 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221022061920/https://opentextbooks.uregina.ca/sociology/chapter/14-2-types-of-political-systems/#:~:text=The%20major%20types%20of%20political,and%20instead%20rule%20through%20fear . dead .
  6. Book: Easton, David.. The political system : an inquiry into the state of political science. 1971. Knopf. 470276419.
  7. https://www.encyclopedia.com/social-sciences-and-law/sociology-and-social-reform/sociology-general-terms-and-concepts/political-system
  8. Book: Jonathan Michie . 3 February 2014 . Reader's Guide to the Social Sciences . Routledge . 95 . 978-1-135-93226-8 .
  9. Book: Allan Todd . Sally Waller . Allan Todd . Sally Waller . 10 September 2015 . History for the IB Diploma Paper 2 Authoritarian States (20th Century) . Cambridge University Press . 10– . 978-1-107-55889-2 .
  10. Sondrol . P. C. . 144333167 . Totalitarian and Authoritarian Dictators: A Comparison of Fidel Castro and Alfredo Stroessner . Journal of Latin American Studies . 23 . 3 . 2009 . 599–620 . 10.1017/S0022216X00015868. 157386 .
  11. Haviland, W.A. (2003). Anthropology: Tenth Edition. Wadsworth:Belmont, CA.
  12. Book: Carneiro, Robert L. . The Chiefdom: Precursor of the State . Jones . Grant D. . Kautz . Robert R. . The Transition to Statehood in the New World . Cambridge, England . Cambridge University Press . New Directions in Archaeology . 2011 . 978-0-521-17269-1 . https://books.google.com/books?id=vOHS-UVTy2oC&pg=PA45 . 37–79 .