Erythrina zeyheri, commonly known as the ploughbreaker, is a deciduous, geoxylic subshrub and member of the family Fabaceae.[1] [2] It is endemic to southern Africa. It grows no more than 60 cm tall[3] and occurs naturally in the higher elevation grasslands of South Africa's central plateau, and that of adjacent Lesotho.[4] They favour deep clay soil in the vicinity of creeks and marshes, and often form colonies.[3] Its specific name commemorates the 19th century botanist, Karl Zeyher.
It is a geoxylic plant, sometimes called an "underground tree",[5] that produces annual stems, some 50 to 60 cm long.[6] It has glabrous, leathery, trifoliolate leaves with large leaflets. The rachis and main leaf venation, which are prominently raised below, are armed with recurved spines on both leaf surfaces.[7] The petioles and stems are likewise armed to discourage browsers. The shoots and leaves are deciduous, dying away during harsh highveld winters,[3] when the plant survives as an extensive woody, tuberous rootstock.
The upright inflorescences appear in summer, with the leaves,[6] from October to January.[3] The drooping scarlet, or rarely white flowers,[7] are capped by a red calyxes. Their fruit are smooth black pods when mature, each containing a few large (1.0 to 1.7 cm long) seeds.[6] These are hard and orange-red in colour.[3] [7]
It is a foodplant for the moth Terastia margaritis.[8]