Physiographic regions of the United States explained

See main article: Geography of the United States.

The physiographic regions of the contiguous United States comprise 8 divisions, 25 provinces, and 85 sections.[1] The system dates to Nevin Fenneman's report Physiographic Divisions of the United States, published in 1916.[2] [3] The map was updated and republished by the Association of American Geographers in 1928.[4] The map was adopted by the United States Geological Survey by publication in 1946. [5]

The classification hierarchy used in the 1916 publication of the American Association of Geographers was division/province/section/subsection. The use of province in this hierarchy undoubtedly confounded the effort to develop a physiographical map consistent across the North American continent since Canada used province as the term for its first-level political subdivision. Province in Canada is a loose analogy for state in the US, and obviously would create great confusion if the same word was used in two vastly different geographical classifications. As late as 1914, the terminology used by an AAG publication used the term "natural region" as the basic denomination of physiography. [6] That work showed 22 examples of how geographers had published works classifying North America into what had been defined as natural regions. Most included all of North America without regard to political subdivision.

Fenneman expanded and presented a derivative of this system more fully in two books, Physiography of western United States (1931),[7] and Physiography of eastern United States (1938).[8]

Physiographic divisions

Division ProvinceSection
I. Laurentian Upland1. Superior Upland
II. Atlantic Plain2. Continental Shelf (not on map)
3. Coastal Plain3a. Embayed section
3b. Sea Island section
3c. Floridian section
3d. East Gulf Coastal Plain
3e. Mississippi Alluvial Plain
3f. West Gulf Coastal Plain
III. Appalachian Highlands4. Piedmont4a. Piedmont Upland
4b. Piedmont Lowlands
5. Blue Ridge province5a. Northern section
5b. Southern section
6. Valley and Ridge province 6a. Tennessee section
6b. Middle section
6c. Hudson Valley
7a. Champlain section (dividing line undefined in 1946 map)
7b. Northern section (dividing line undefined in 1946 map)
8. Appalachian Plateaus province 8a. Mohawk section
8b. Catskill section
8c. Southern New York section
8d. Allegheny Plateau section
8e. Kanawha section
8f. Cumberland Plateau section
8g. Cumberland Mountain section
9. New England Province9a. Seaboard Lowland section
9b. New England Upland section
9c. White Mountain section
9d. Green Mountain section
9e. Taconic section
10. Adirondack province
IV. Interior Plains11. Interior Low Plateaus11a. Highland Rim
11b. Lexington Plain
11c. Nashville Basin
12. Central Lowland12a. Eastern Lake
12b. Western Lake
12c. Wisconsin Driftless
12d. Till Plains
12e. Dissected Till Plains
12f. Osage Plains
13. Great Plains13a. Missouri Plateau (glaciated)
13b. Missouri Plateau (unglaciated)
13c. Black Hills
13d. High Plains
13e. Plains Border
13f. Colorado Piedmont
13g. Raton section
13h. Pecos Valley
13i. Edwards Plateau
13j. Central Texas
V. Interior Highlands14. Ozark Plateaus14a. Springfield-Salem plateaus
14b. Boston Mountains
15. Ouachita province15a. Arkansas Valley
15b. Ouachita Mountains
VI. Rocky Mountain System16. Southern Rocky Mountains
17. Wyoming Basin
18. Middle Rocky Mountains
19. Northern Rocky Mountains
VII. Intermontane Plateaus20. Columbia Plateau20a. Walla Walla Plateau
20b. Blue Mountain section
20c. Payette section
20d. Snake River Plain
20e. Harney section
21. Colorado Plateaus21a. High Plateaus of Utah
21b. Uinta Basin
21c. Canyon Lands
21d. Navajo section
21e. Grand Canyon section
21f. Datil section
22. Basin and Range Province22a. Great Basin section
22b. Sonoran Desert
22c. Salton Trough
22d. Mexican Highland
22e. Sacramento section
VIII. Pacific Mountains23. Cascade-Sierra Mountains23a. Northern Cascade Mountains
23b. Middle Cascade Mountains
23c. Southern Cascade Mountains
23d. Sierra Nevada
24. Pacific Border province24a. Puget Trough
24b. Olympic Mountains
24c. Oregon Coast Range
24d. Klamath Mountains
24e. California Trough
24f. California Coast Ranges
24g. "Los Angeles Ranges—(Transverse Ranges)"
25. Lower California province—(Peninsular Ranges)

Notes and References

  1. Web site: 2003-04-17 . Physiographic Regions . . 2008-01-30 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20060515044037/http://tapestry.usgs.gov/physiogr/physio.html . 2006-05-15 .
  2. Fenneman . Nevin M. . Physiographic Divisions of the United States . 1916 . Annals of the Association of American Geographers . en . 6 . 1 . 19–98 . 10.1080/00045601609357047 . 2027/njp.32101059544153 . 0004-5608.
  3. Fenneman . Nevin M. . 1917 . Physiographic Subdivision of the United States . . 3 . 1 . 17–22 . 1091163 . 43473694 . 16586678 . 10.1073/pnas.3.1.17. free .
  4. Fenneman . Nevin M. . 1928 . Physiographic Divisions of the United States . Annals of the Association of American Geographers . 18 . 4 . 261–353 . 10.2307/2560726. 2560726 . 2027/njp.32101059544153 .
  5. Physical divisions of the United States . Fenneman . Nevin M. . 1946 . U.S. Geological Survey . 10.3133/70207506 . en. free .
  6. Joerg . Wolfgang L. G. . 1914 . The Subdivision of North America into Natural Regions: A Preliminary Inquiry . Annals of the Association of American Geographers . 4 . 55–83 . 10.2307/2560741. 2560741 .
  7. Book: Fenneman, Nevin Melancthon . Physiography of western United States . 1931 . McGraw-Hill . 487636.
  8. Book: Fenneman, Nevin Melancthon . Physiography of eastern United States . 1938 . McGraw-Hill . 487628.