Isotopes of phosphorus explained

Although phosphorus (₁₅P) has 22 isotopes from ²⁶P to ⁴⁷P, only ³¹P is stable; as such, phosphorus is considered a monoisotopic element. The longest-lived radioactive isotopes are ³³P with a half-life of 25.34 days and ³²P with a half-life of 14.268 days.^{[1] [2]} All others have half-lives of under 2.5 minutes, most under a second. The least stable known isotope is ⁴⁷P, with a half-life of 2 milliseconds.

List of isotopes

|-| rowspan=2|²⁶P^[3] | rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 15| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 11| rowspan=2|26.01178(21)#| rowspan=2|43.7(6) ms| β⁺ (63.2%)| ²⁶Si| rowspan=2|(3+)| rowspan=2||-| β⁺, p (36.8%)| ²⁵Al|-| style="text-indent:1em"|^26mP| colspan=3 style="text-indent:2em"|164.4(1) keV| 120(9) ns| IT| ²⁶P|||-| rowspan=2|²⁷P| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 15| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 12| rowspan=2|26.999224(28)| rowspan=2|260(80) ms| β⁺ (99.93%)| ²⁷Si| rowspan=2|1/2+| rowspan=2||-| β⁺, p (.07%)| ²⁶Al|-| rowspan=3|²⁸P| rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 15| rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" | 13| rowspan=3|27.9923266(12)| rowspan=3|270.3(5) ms| β⁺ (99.99%)| ²⁸Si| rowspan=3|3+| rowspan=3||-| β⁺, p (.0013%)| ²⁷Al|-| β⁺, α (8.6×10⁻⁴%)| ²⁴Mg|-| ²⁹P| style="text-align:right" | 15| style="text-align:right" | 14| 28.9818004(4)| 4.142(15) s| β⁺| ²⁹Si| 1/2+||-| ³⁰P| style="text-align:right" | 15| style="text-align:right" | 15| 29.97831349(7)| 2.498(4) min| β⁺| ³⁰Si| 1+||-| ³¹P| style="text-align:right" | 15| style="text-align:right" | 16| 30.9737619986(7)| colspan=3 align=center|Stable| 1/2+| 1.0000|-| ³²P| style="text-align:right" | 15| style="text-align:right" | 17| 31.97390764(4)| 14.268(5) d| β⁻| ³²S| 1+|Trace|-| ³³P| style="text-align:right" | 15| style="text-align:right" | 18| 32.9717257(12)| 25.35(11) d| β⁻| ³³S| 1/2+||-| ³⁴P| style="text-align:right" | 15| style="text-align:right" | 19| 33.9736459(9)| 12.43(10) s| β⁻| ³⁴S| 1+||-| ³⁵P| style="text-align:right" | 15| style="text-align:right" | 20| 34.9733141(20)| 47.3(8) s| β⁻| ³⁵S| 1/2+||-| ³⁶P| style="text-align:right" | 15| style="text-align:right" | 21| 35.978260(14)| 5.6(3) s| β⁻| ³⁶S| 4−||-| ³⁷P| style="text-align:right" | 15| style="text-align:right" | 22| 36.97961(4)| 2.31(13) s| β⁻| ³⁷S| (1/2+)||-| rowspan=2|³⁸P| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 15| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 23| rowspan=2|37.98430(8)| rowspan=2|0.64(14) s| β⁻ (87.5%)| ³⁸S| rowspan=2|| rowspan=2||-| β⁻, n (12.5%)| ³⁷S|-| rowspan=2|³⁹P| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 15| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 24| rowspan=2|38.98629(12)| rowspan=2|282(24) ms| β⁻ (73.2%)| ³⁹S| rowspan=2|1/2+#| rowspan=2||-| β⁻, n (26.8%)| ³⁸S|-| rowspan=2|⁴⁰P| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 15| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 25| rowspan=2|39.99129(16)| rowspan=2|150(8) ms| β⁻ (84.2%)| ⁴⁰S| rowspan=2|(2−,3−)| rowspan=2||-| β⁻, n (15.8%)| ³⁹S|-| rowspan=2|⁴¹P| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 15| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 26| rowspan=2|40.99465(13)| rowspan=2|101(5) ms| β⁻ (70%)| ⁴¹S| rowspan=2|1/2+#| rowspan=2||-| β⁻, n (30%)| ⁴⁰S|-| rowspan=2|⁴²P| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 15| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 27| rowspan=2|42.00108(34)| rowspan=2|48.5(15) ms| β⁻ (50%)| ⁴²S| rowspan=2|| rowspan=2||-| β⁻, n (50%)| ⁴¹S|-| rowspan=2|⁴³P| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 15| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 28| rowspan=2|43.00502(60)| rowspan=2|35.8(13) ms| β⁻, n (100%)| ⁴²S| rowspan=2|1/2+#| rowspan=2||-| β⁻, 2n ?| ⁴¹S|-| ⁴⁴P| style="text-align:right" | 15| style="text-align:right" | 29| 44.01122(54)#| 18.5(25) ms| β⁻| ⁴⁴S|||-| rowspan=2|⁴⁵P| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 15| rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" | 30| rowspan=2|45.01675(54)#| rowspan=2|24(7 (stat), 9 (sys)) ms^[4] | β⁻, n (79%)| ⁴⁴S| rowspan=2|1/2+#| rowspan=2||-| β⁻, 2n (21%)| ⁴³S|-| ⁴⁶P| style="text-align:right" | 15| style="text-align:right" | 31| 46.02466(75)#| 4# ms [>200 ns]| β⁻| ⁴⁶S|||-| ⁴⁷P^[5] | style="text-align:right" | 15| style="text-align:right" | 32| 47.03190(86)#| 2# ms| β⁻| ⁴⁷S||

Radioactive isotopes

Phosphorus-32

See main article: Phosphorus-32. ³²P is a radioactive isotope of phosphorus with relative atomic mass 31.973907 and half-life of 14.26 days. ³²P is a radioactive isotope of phosphorus with beta particle-emitting radiocytotoxic activity. Emitted by ³²P, beta particles directly damage cellular DNA and, by ionizing intracellular water to produce several types of cytotoxic free radicals and superoxides, indirectly damage intracellular biological macromolecules, resulting in tumor cell death.^[6]

Phosphorus-33

³³P is an artificial radioactive element. It is produced with a low yield by the neutron bombardment of ³¹P (stable). The ³³P has a radioactive period of 25.3 days. It is a pure β-transmitter. ³³P is used as an alternative to ³²P in research in molecular biology. Indeed, its longer life time and especially its less energetic β spectrum make its manipulation simpler in the laboratory. In the medical field, ³³P has been used in the treatment of arterial stenosis but is no longer indicated at this time.^[7]

External links

• Phosphorus isotopes data from The Berkeley Laboratory Isotopes Project's

Notes and References

1. Web site: PubChem . Phosphorus Radioisotopes . 2022-04-08 . pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov . en.
2. Web site: phosphorus-33 atom (CHEBI:37973) . 2022-04-08 . www.ebi.ac.uk.
3. Has 1 halo proton
4. Crawford . H. L. . Tripathi . V. . Allmond . J. M. . et al. . Crossing N  28 toward the neutron drip line: first measurement of half-lives at FRIB . 2022 . Physical Review Letters . 129 . 212501 . 212501 . 10.1103/PhysRevLett.129.212501. 36461950 . 2022PhRvL.129u2501C . 253600995 . free .
5. Neufcourt . L. . Cao . Y. . Nazarewicz . W. . Olsen . E. . Viens . F. . Neutron drip line in the Ca region from Bayesian model averaging . 2019 . Physical Review Letters . 122 . 6 . 062502–1–062502–6 . 10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.062502 . 30822058 . 1901.07632. 2019PhRvL.122f2502N . 73508148 .
6. Web site: Phosphorus-32 .
7. Web site: Phosphorus 33 (P-33) .