Phospholipid transfer protein explained

Phospholipid transfer protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PLTP gene.

Function

The protein encoded by this gene is one of at least two lipid transfer proteins found in human plasma. The encoded protein transfers phospholipids from triglyceride-rich lipoproteins to high density lipoprotein (HDL). In addition to regulating the size of HDL particles, this protein may be involved in cholesterol metabolism. At least two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.^[1]

Interactions

PLTP has been shown to interact with Apolipoprotein A1^[2] and APOA2.^[2]

Further reading

• Jiang XC . The effect of phospholipid transfer protein on lipoprotein metabolism and atherosclerosis . Front. Biosci. . 7 . 1–3. d1634-41 . 2002 . 12086920 . 10.2741/jiang1 . free .
• Albers JJ, Cheung MC . Emerging roles for phospholipid transfer protein in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism . Curr. Opin. Lipidol. . 15 . 3 . 255–60 . 2004 . 15166780 . 10.1097/00041433-200406000-00004 . 34754445 .
• Dallinga-Thie GM, Dullaart RP, van Tol A . Concerted actions of cholesteryl ester transfer protein and phospholipid transfer protein in type 2 diabetes: effects of apolipoproteins . Curr. Opin. Lipidol. . 18 . 3 . 251–7 . 2007 . 17495597 . 10.1097/MOL.0b013e3280e12685 . 20012553 .
• Whitmore TE, Day JR, Albers JJ . Localization of the human phospholipid transfer protein gene to chromosome 20q12-q13.1 . Genomics . 28 . 3 . 599–600 . 1995 . 7490104 . 10.1006/geno.1995.1198 .
• Albers JJ, Wolfbauer G, Cheung MC, Day JR, Ching AF, Lok S, Tu AY . Functional expression of human and mouse plasma phospholipid transfer protein: effect of recombinant and plasma PLTP on HDL subspecies . Biochim. Biophys. Acta . 1258 . 1 . 27–34 . 1995 . 7654777 . 10.1016/0005-2760(95)00091-p .
• Maruyama K, Sugano S . Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides . Gene . 138 . 1–2 . 171–4 . 1994 . 8125298 . 10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8 .
• Day JR, Albers JJ, Lofton-Day CE, Gilbert TL, Ching AF, Grant FJ, O'Hara PJ, Marcovina SM, Adolphson JL . Complete cDNA encoding human phospholipid transfer protein from human endothelial cells . J. Biol. Chem. . 269 . 12 . 9388–91 . 1994 . 10.1016/S0021-9258(17)37120-X . 8132678 . free .
• Tu AY, Wolfbauer G, Albers JJ . Functional characterization of the promoter region of the human phospholipid transfer protein gene . Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. . 217 . 3 . 705–11 . 1995 . 8554588 . 10.1006/bbrc.1995.2830 .
• Andersson B, Wentland MA, Ricafrente JY, Liu W, Gibbs RA . A "double adaptor" method for improved shotgun library construction . Anal. Biochem. . 236 . 1 . 107–13 . 1996 . 8619474 . 10.1006/abio.1996.0138 .
• Hailman E, Albers JJ, Wolfbauer G, Tu AY, Wright SD . Neutralization and transfer of lipopolysaccharide by phospholipid transfer protein . J. Biol. Chem. . 271 . 21 . 12172–8 . 1996 . 8647810 . 10.1074/jbc.271.21.12172 . free .
• Yu W, Andersson B, Worley KC, Muzny DM, Ding Y, Liu W, Ricafrente JY, Wentland MA, Lennon G, Gibbs RA . Large-scale concatenation cDNA sequencing . Genome Res. . 7 . 4 . 353–8 . 1997 . 9110174 . 139146 . 10.1101/gr.7.4.353 .
• Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, Suyama A, Sugano S . Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library . Gene . 200 . 1–2 . 149–56 . 1997 . 9373149 . 10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3 .
• Pussinen PJ, Jauhiainen M, Metso J, Pyle LE, Marcel YL, Fidge NH, Ehnholm C . Binding of phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) to apolipoproteins A-I and A-II: location of a PLTP binding domain in the amino terminal region of apoA-I . J. Lipid Res. . 39 . 1 . 152–61 . 1998 . 10.1016/S0022-2275(20)34211-5 . 9469594 . free .
• Jiang XC, D'Armiento J, Mallampalli RK, Mar J, Yan SF, Lin M . Expression of plasma phospholipid transfer protein mRNA in normal and emphysematous lungs and regulation by hypoxia . J. Biol. Chem. . 273 . 25 . 15714–8 . 1998 . 9624168 . 10.1074/jbc.273.25.15714 . free .
• Jauhiainen M, Huuskonen J, Baumann M, Metso J, Oka T, Egashira T, Hattori H, Olkkonen VM, Ehnholm C . Phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) causes proteolytic cleavage of apolipoprotein A-I . J. Lipid Res. . 40 . 4 . 654–64 . 1999 . 10.1016/S0022-2275(20)32144-1 . 10191289 . free .
• Qu SJ, Fan HZ, Kilinc C, Pownall HJ . Role of cysteine residues in human plasma phospholipid transfer protein . J. Protein Chem. . 18 . 2 . 193–8 . 1999 . 10333293 . 10.1023/A:1020628006453 . 1653738 .
• Lie J, de Crom R, Jauhiainen M, van Gent T, van Haperen R, Scheek L, Jansen H, Ehnholm C, van Tol A . Evaluation of phospholipid transfer protein and cholesteryl ester transfer protein as contributors to the generation of pre beta-high-density lipoproteins . Biochem. J. . 360 . Pt 2 . 379–85 . 2001 . 11716766 . 1222238 . 10.1042/0264-6021:3600379 .
• Kärkkäinen M, Oka T, Olkkonen VM, Metso J, Hattori H, Jauhiainen M, Ehnholm C . Isolation and partial characterization of the inactive and active forms of human plasma phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) . J. Biol. Chem. . 277 . 18 . 15413–8 . 2002 . 11854286 . 10.1074/jbc.M112247200 . free .
• Murdoch SJ, Wolfbauer G, Kennedy H, Marcovina SM, Carr MC, Albers JJ . Differences in reactivity of antibodies to active versus inactive PLTP significantly impacts PLTP measurement . J. Lipid Res. . 43 . 2 . 281–9 . 2002 . 10.1016/S0022-2275(20)30170-X . 11861670 . free .

Notes and References

1. Web site: Entrez Gene: PLTP phospholipid transfer protein.
2. Pussinen PJ, Jauhiainen M, Metso J, Pyle LE, Marcel YL, Fidge NH, Ehnholm C . Binding of phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) to apolipoproteins A-I and A-II: location of a PLTP binding domain in the amino terminal region of apoA-I . J. Lipid Res. . 39 . 1 . 152–61 . Jan 1998 . 10.1016/S0022-2275(20)34211-5 . 9469594 . free .