PTPRZ1 explained

Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase zeta also known as phosphacan is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PTPRZ1 gene.^{[1] [2] [3]}

Function

This gene is a member of the receptor tyrosine phosphatase family and encodes a single-pass type I membrane protein with two cytoplasmic tyrosine-protein phosphatase domains, an alpha-carbonic anhydrase domain and a fibronectin type III domain. Alternative splice variants that encode different protein isoforms have been described but their full-length nature has not been determined.^[3]

Clinical significance

Expression of this gene is induced in gastric cancer cells, in the remyelinating oligodendrocytes of multiple sclerosis lesions, and in human embryonic kidney cells under hypoxic conditions. Both the protein and transcript are overexpressed in glioblastoma cells, promoting their haptotactic migration.^[3]

Further reading

• Krueger NX, Saito H . A human transmembrane protein-tyrosine-phosphatase, PTP zeta, is expressed in brain and has an N-terminal receptor domain homologous to carbonic anhydrases . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 89 . 16 . 7417–21 . 1992 . 1323835 . 49721 . 10.1073/pnas.89.16.7417 . 1992PNAS...89.7417K . free .
• Kaplan R, Morse B, Huebner K, Croce C, Howk R, Ravera M, Ricca G, Jaye M, Schlessinger J . Cloning of three human tyrosine phosphatases reveals a multigene family of receptor-linked protein-tyrosine-phosphatases expressed in brain . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 87 . 18 . 7000–4 . 1990 . 2169617 . 54670 . 10.1073/pnas.87.18.7000 . 1990PNAS...87.7000K . free .
• Krueger NX, Streuli M, Saito H . Structural diversity and evolution of human receptor-like protein tyrosine phosphatases . EMBO J. . 9 . 10 . 3241–52 . 1990 . 2170109 . 552056 . 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1990.tb07523.x.
• Morton SM, Veile RA, Helms C, Lee M, Kuo WL, Gray J, Donis-Keller H . Subregional localization of 21 chromosome 7-specific expressed sequence tags (ESTs) by FISH using newly identified YACs and P1s . Genomics . 46 . 3 . 491–4 . 1998 . 9441757 . 10.1006/geno.1997.5051 .
• Onyango P, Lubyova B, Gardellin P, Kurzbauer R, Weith A . Molecular cloning and expression analysis of five novel genes in chromosome 1p36 . Genomics . 50 . 2 . 187–98 . 1998 . 9653645 . 10.1006/geno.1997.5186 . free .
• Toward a complete human genome sequence . Genome Res. . 8 . 11 . 1097–108 . 1999 . 9847074 . 10.1101/gr.8.11.1097 . free . Sanger Centre . The . Washington University Genome Sequencing Cente . The .
• Maeda N, Ichihara-Tanaka K, Kimura T, Kadomatsu K, Muramatsu T, Noda M . A receptor-like protein-tyrosine phosphatase PTPzeta/RPTPbeta binds a heparin-binding growth factor midkine. Involvement of arginine 78 of midkine in the high affinity binding to PTPzeta . J. Biol. Chem. . 274 . 18 . 12474–9 . 1999 . 10212223 . 10.1074/jbc.274.18.12474 . free .
• Kawachi H, Tamura H, Watakabe I, Shintani T, Maeda N, Noda M . Protein tyrosine phosphatase zeta/RPTPbeta interacts with PSD-95/SAP90 family . Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. . 72 . 1 . 47–54 . 1999 . 10521598 . 10.1016/S0169-328X(99)00204-1 .
• Meng K, Rodriguez-Peña A, Dimitrov T, Chen W, Yamin M, Noda M, Deuel TF . Pleiotrophin signals increased tyrosine phosphorylation of beta beta-catenin through inactivation of the intrinsic catalytic activity of the receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase beta/zeta . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 97 . 6 . 2603–8 . 2000 . 10706604 . 15975 . 10.1073/pnas.020487997 . 2000PNAS...97.2603M . free .
• Kawachi H, Fujikawa A, Maeda N, Noda M . Identification of GIT1/Cat-1 as a substrate molecule of protein tyrosine phosphatase zeta /beta by the yeast substrate-trapping system . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 98 . 12 . 6593–8 . 2001 . 11381105 . 34398 . 10.1073/pnas.041608698 . 2001PNAS...98.6593K . free .
• Thomaidou D, Coquillat D, Meintanis S, Noda M, Rougon G, Matsas R . Soluble forms of NCAM and F3 neuronal cell adhesion molecules promote Schwann cell migration: identification of protein tyrosine phosphatases zeta/beta as the putative F3 receptors on Schwann cells . J. Neurochem. . 78 . 4 . 767–78 . 2001 . 11520897 . 10.1046/j.1471-4159.2001.00454.x . 24682985 .
• Harroch S, Furtado GC, Brueck W, Rosenbluth J, Lafaille J, Chao M, Buxbaum JD, Schlessinger J . A critical role for the protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type Z in functional recovery from demyelinating lesions . Nat. Genet. . 32 . 3 . 411–4 . 2002 . 12355066 . 10.1038/ng1004 . 19800079 .
• Müller S, Kunkel P, Lamszus K, Ulbricht U, Lorente GA, Nelson AM, von Schack D, Chin DJ, Lohr SC, Westphal M, Melcher T . A role for receptor tyrosine phosphatase zeta in glioma cell migration . Oncogene . 22 . 43 . 6661–8 . 2003 . 14555979 . 10.1038/sj.onc.1206763 . free .
• Bonora E, Lamb JA, Barnby G, Sykes N, Moberly T, Beyer KS, Klauck SM, Poustka F, Bacchelli E, Blasi F, Maestrini E, Battaglia A, Haracopos D, Pedersen L, Isager T, Eriksen G, Viskum B, Sorensen EU, Brondum-Nielsen K, Cotterill R, van Engeland H, de Jonge M, Kemner C, Steggehuis K, Scherpenisse M, Rutter M, Bolton PF, Parr JR, Poustka A, Bailey AJ, Monaco AP . Mutation screening and association analysis of six candidate genes for autism on chromosome 7q . Eur. J. Hum. Genet. . 13 . 2 . 198–207 . 2005 . 15523497 . 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201315 . free .
• Polykratis A, Katsoris P, Courty J, Papadimitriou E . Characterization of heparin affin regulatory peptide signaling in human endothelial cells . J. Biol. Chem. . 280 . 23 . 22454–61 . 2005 . 15797857 . 10.1074/jbc.M414407200 . free .
• Wang V, Davis DA, Haque M, Huang LE, Yarchoan R . Differential gene up-regulation by hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha and hypoxia-inducible factor-2alpha in HEK293T cells . Cancer Res. . 65 . 8 . 3299–306 . 2005 . 15833863 . 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-4130 .
• Timothy Cloughesy. Paul S. Mischel . Lu KV, Jong KA, Kim GY, Singh J, Dia EQ, Yoshimoto K, Wang MY, Cloughesy TF, Nelson SF, Mischel PS . Differential induction of glioblastoma migration and growth by two forms of pleiotrophin . J. Biol. Chem. . 280 . 29 . 26953–64 . 2005 . 15908427 . 10.1074/jbc.M502614200 . free .

Notes and References

1. Ariyama T, Hasegawa K, Inazawa J, Mizuno K, Ogimoto M, Katagiri T, Yakura H . Assignment of the human protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor-type, zeta (PTPRZ) gene to chromosome band 7q31.3 . Cytogenet Cell Genet . 70 . 1–2 . 52–4 . Jun 1995 . 7736789 . 10.1159/000133990 .
2. Levy JB, Canoll PD, Silvennoinen O, Barnea G, Morse B, Honegger AM, Huang JT, Cannizzaro LA, Park SH, Druck T . The cloning of a receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase expressed in the central nervous system . J Biol Chem . 268 . 14 . 10573–81 . Jun 1993 . 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)82237-2 . 8387522 . free .
3. Web site: Entrez Gene: PTPRZ1 protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor-type, Z polypeptide 1.