Phlomis Explained
Phlomis is a genus of over 100 species[1] of herbaceous plants, subshrubs and shrubs in the mint family Lamiaceae, native from the Mediterranean region east across central Asia to China.[2]
The name Phlomis derives from a Greek word for "flame", and may refer to the leaves' use in ancient times as lamp wicks.[3] Common names include Jerusalem sage and lampwick plant.
Description
The overall size varies between species from 30 cm tall up to 2 m tall (12–79 in). The leaves are entire, opposite and decussate (each leaf pair at right angles to the next) and rugose or reticulate veined. The bracts (floral leaves) are similar or different from the lower leaves. All parts are frequently covered with hairs. The bracteoles are ovate, lanceolate or linear. The flowers are arranged in whorls called verticillasters which encircle the stems. The stems are usually square in section with rounded corners, although tomentum on the stems can make them appear circular. The colour of the flowers varies from yellow to pink, purple and white. The calyx is tubular or campanulate with five or ten veins visible. Five teeth, either all equal or with the outer two longer than the others. The upper lip is hood shaped and laterally compressed (P. tuberosa, however, has an uncompressed lip with a dense bearded edge). The lower lip is trifid, the central lobe being larger than the lateral ones. There are four stamens ascending under the upper lip. Anther with forked end, the upper fork being shorter than the lower. The fruits are four three-sided nutlets, and sometimes topped with hair, sometimes glabrous. The root system can be very extensive; roots of 6-week-old seedlings have been measured at 0.7 m.
Phlomis species are the only host plants of the moths Coleophora phlomidella and C. phlomidis.
Systematics
The following species belong to genus Phlomis, but some of them are now distributed in the genus Phlomoides.[1] [4]
Phlomis
- Phlomis × alanyensis
- Phlomis amanica
- Phlomis angustissima
- Phlomis anisodonta
- Phlomis antiatlantica
- Phlomis armeniaca
- Phlomis aucheri
- Phlomis aurea
- Phlomis × bornmuelleri
- Phlomis bourgaei
- Phlomis bovei
- Phlomis brachyodon
- Phlomis brevibracteata
- Phlomis brevidentata
- Phlomis brevilabris
- Phlomis bruguieri
- Phlomis brunneogaleata
- Phlomis bucharica
- Phlomis cancellata
- Phlomis capitata
- Phlomis carica
- Phlomis cashmeriana
- Phlomis cashmirica
- Phlomis chimerae
- Phlomis chorassanica
- Phlomis chrysophylla
- Phlomis × cilicica
- Phlomis × commixta
- Phlomis × composita
- Phlomis cretica
- Phlomis crinita
- Phlomis cyclodon
- Phlomis cypria
- Phlomis × cytherea
- Phlomis dincii
- Phlomis drobovii
- Phlomis × ekimii
- Phlomis elliptica
- Phlomis elongata
- Phlomis floccosa
- Phlomis fruticetorum
- Phlomis fruticosa – Jerusalem sage
- Phlomis ghilanensis
- Phlomis grandiflora
- Phlomis herba-venti
- Phlomis hypoleuca
- Phlomis integrifolia
- Phlomis iranica
- Phlomis isiliae
- Phlomis italica
- Phlomis × kalanensis
- Phlomis kotschyana
- Phlomis kurdica
- Phlomis lanata
- Phlomis lanceolata
- Phlomis leucophracta
- Phlomis linearifolia
- Phlomis linearis
- Phlomis longifolia
- Phlomis lunariifolia
- Phlomis lurestanica
- Phlomis lychnitis - lampwick plant
- Phlomis lycia
- Phlomis majkopensis
- Phlomis × margaritae
- Phlomis mazandaranica
- Phlomis × melitenensis
- Phlomis mindshelkensis
- Phlomis × mobullensis
- Phlomis monocephala
- Phlomis × muglensis
- Phlomis nana
- Phlomis nissolii
- Phlomis nubilans
- Phlomis nyalamensis
- Phlomis olgae
- Phlomis olivieri
- Phlomis oppositiflora
- Phlomis orientalis
- Phlomis × pabotii
- Phlomis pachyphylla
- Phlomis persica
- Phlomis physocalyx
- Phlomis pichleri
- Phlomis platystegia
- Phlomis polioxantha
- Phlomis × praetervisa
- Phlomis purpurea
- Phlomis × rechingeri
- Phlomis regelii
- Phlomis rigida
- Phlomis russeliana
- Phlomis salicifolia
- Phlomis samia
- Phlomis × semiorbata
- Phlomis sewerzowii
- Phlomis × sieberi
- Phlomis sieheana
- Phlomis sintenisii
- Phlomis spinidens
- Phlomis × stapfiana
- Phlomis stewartii
- Phlomis syriaca
- Phlomis tathamiorum – from Lebanon
- Phlomis tenorei
- Phlomis tenuis
- Phlomis × termessi
- Phlomis thapsoides
- Phlomis tomentosa
- Phlomis trineura
- Phlomis × tunceliensis
- Phlomis × vierhapperi
- Phlomis viscosa
- Phlomis × vuralii
- Phlomis × wendelboi
- Phlomis zenaidae
Phlomoides
- Phlomis alpina now called Phlomoides alpina
- Phlomis betonicoides now called Phlomoides betonicoides
- Phlomis bracteosa now called Phlomoides bracteosa
- Phlomis macrophylla now called Phlomoides macrophylla
- Phlomis maximowiczii now called Phlomoides maximowiczii
- Phlomis melanantha now called Phlomoides melanantha
- Phlomis milingensis now called Phlomoides milingensis
- Phlomis oreophila now called Phlomoides oreophila
- Phlomis pratensis now called Phlomoides pratensis
- Phlomis rotata now called Phlomoides rotata
- Phlomis spectabilis now called Phlomoides spectabilis
- Phlomis tuberosa now called Phlomoides tuberosa
- Phlomis umbrosa now called Phlomoides umbrosa
- Phlomis younghusbandii now called Phlomoides younghusbandii
Notes and References
- http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=125058 Phlomis.
- Book: Taylor, Jim Mann . Phlomis: the neglected genus. A guide for gardeners and horticulturists . 1998 . J.M. Taylor . National Council for the Conservation of Plants and Gardens (NCCPG), Great Britain . 0-9532413-0-0 . Westbury-on-Severn . 40499720 .
- Book: Coombes, A. J.. The A to Z of Plant Names. registration. 2012. Timber Press. USA. 312. 978-1-60469-196-2 .
- http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?9261 GRIN Species Records of Phlomis.
