Per mille explained

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Per mille
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(Basis point)

The phrase per mille indicates parts per thousand.[1] The associated symbol is, similar to a per cent sign but with an extra zero in the divisor.

Major dictionaries do not agree on the spelling, giving other options of per mil,[1] per mill,[2] permil, permill, permille.[3]

The word German: promille is the cognate in Dutch, German, Finnish and Swedish, and is sometimes seen as a loanword in English with the same meaning as per mille.[4] [5]

Computer systems

The code point for the glyph is included in the General Punctuation block of Unicode characters: .[6] It may be typed using,,, or according to operating system.

Examples

Blood alcohol concentration

See main article: Blood alcohol concentration. Promille and permille are likely best known as shorthand terms for Blood Alcohol Concentration, where 1 promille corresponds to 1 gram of alcohol per liter of blood.[7] Promille is used in the legal limits of blood-alcohol content for driving a road vehicle in some countries: for example: 0.5‰ or 0.8‰.[8]

Cost per mille

Sales and marketing

See main article: Cost per mille. Cost per mille (CPM), the price of 1000 units, may be used for views of banner and display advertising, and for emails delivered by email service providers.

Insurance

In UK insurance usage, the cost per mille is the rate per £1000 of insured value.[9] In India, the premium per mille is the rate expressed as thousandths of the sum assured.[10]

Gradients

See main article: Grade (slope). Gradients (in some countries in Europe) may be expressed as mm/m or m/km, and written with the per mille symbol.[11] [12]

Isotope ratios

Per mille may be used to express stable-isotope ratios—for example: "δ13C was measured at −3.5‰"

Taxation

Charity fraction

In Italy, it is possible to nominate a charity or charities to receive "five per mille" (5‰) of personal taxation payments.[13]

Property tax

See main article: Property tax. Property taxation rates may be expressed as the millage rate (U.S.) or mill rate (Canada), from mill (currency), one thousandth of a dollar.

Quantile

See main article: Quantile. Permille may also be used to express a 1000-quantile ("999th permille"),[14] [15] but this usage is rare and largely obsolete. Modern publications instead use fractional percentiles ("99.9th percentile").[16]

Salinity

See main article: Salinity. Seawater salinity is often expressed per mille. Average marine salinity is about 35 parts per thousand or 35‰ (3.5%).[17]

Related units

See also

Notes and References

  1. Encyclopedia: per mille . Business English . . . . 2020-06-08 . per mille adverb (also per mil).
  2. Encyclopedia: per mill . Oxford Dictionaries: The American Dictionary . https://web.archive.org/web/20130809024811/http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/american_english/per-mill . dead . August 9, 2013 . 2014-08-01.
  3. Encyclopedia: per mille . . 2020-07-01.
  4. Promille in English . https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/german-english/promille . Cambridge German English Dictionary . 24 September 2023 . Cambridge University Press.
  5. Glossary of terms related to solubility . Pure Appl. Chem. . 80 . 2 . 233–276 . 2008 . 10.1351/pac200880020233 . Heinz Gamsjäger . John W. Lorimer . Pirketta Scharlin . David G. Shaw. free . (Page 258)
  6. Unicode. "General Punctuation". 2014. Accessed 5 Aug 2014.
  7. Web site: Promille vs BAC: the difference and how much promille is 1 BAC . AlcoSafe . 24 September 2023 . en.
  8. Web site: Blood alcohol level (BAL) . Health Research Board (Ireland) .
  9. A Dictionary of Finance and Banking . 4 . Jonathan Law . John Smullen . Per mille . https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803100318315.
  10. Web site: Avoidable loss due to imprudent underwriting of Group Personal Accident Policy . Comptroller and Auditor General of India . March 2019.
  11. Web site: Directives pour la mesure de l'uni des routes et l'étalonnage des appareils . . Michael W. Sayers . Thomas D. Gillespie . William D.O. Paterson . 2 . L'indice IRI est une mesure de l'uni des routes standardisée, apparentée aux mesures obtenues à l'aide des appareils de type-réponse. Les unités recommandées sont : les mètres par kilomètres (m/km) =millimètres par mètres (mm/m) = pente x 1000. . fr . January 1986.
  12. Web site: ETUDE D’AVANT-PROJET DETAILLE DE L’AMENAGEMENT D’UN PERIMETRE IRRIGUE DE 100 HA À BAGRE EN RIVE DROITE DU NAKANBE (BURKINA FASO) . ZEMBA . Baowendzooda Joël . 37 . Pente longitudinale i (m/km ou ‰): 0.4 . fr . July 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231119164344/http://documentation.2ie-edu.org/cdi2ie/opac_css/doc_num.php?explnum_id=1975 . 19 November 2023.
  13. Web site: Five per thousand—how does it work and how is it calculated? . N26 (bank) . 22 June 2021 . 19 November 2023.
  14. Book: Walker, Helen Mary . Elementary Statistical Methods . Lev . Joseph . 1969 . Holt, Rinehart and Winston . 978-0-03-081130-2 . en.
  15. Valentijn . Floris Arnold . Senescent cell accumulation & Research-based undergraduate education. Utrecht University . 21 September 2022 . 10.33540/1121. free.
  16. Knoppert . Sebastiaan N . Keijzer‐Veen . Mandy G . Valentijn . Floris A . van den Heuvel‐Eibrink . Marry M . Lilien . Marc R . van den Berg . Gerrit . Haveman . Lianne M . Stokman . Marijn F . Janssens . Geert O . van Kempen . Sven . Broekhuizen . Roel . Goldschmeding . Roel . Nguyen . Tri Q . Cellular senescence in kidney biopsies is associated with tubular dysfunction and predicts CKD progression in childhood cancer patients with karyomegalic interstitial nephropathy . The Journal of Pathology . December 2023 . 261 . 4 . 455–464 . 10.1002/path.6202. free.
  17. Per mille . Glossary of Meteorology . https://glossary.ametsoc.org/wiki/Per_mille . American Meteorological Society . 2022.

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