Pedagogical pattern explained

A pedagogical pattern is the re-usable form of a solution to a problem or task in pedagogy, analogous to how a design pattern is the re-usable form of a solution to a design problem. Pedagogical patterns are used to document and share best practices of teaching. A network of interrelated pedagogical patterns is an example of a pattern language.

Overview

In a 2001 paper for SIGCSE,^[1] Joseph Bergin wrote:

Example structure of a pattern

Mitchell Weisburgh proposed nine aspects to documenting a pedagogical pattern for a certain skill.^[2] Not every pattern needs to include all nine. His listing is reproduced below:

Name – single word or short phrase that refers to the pattern. This allows for rapid association and retrieval.
Problem – definition of a problem, including its intent or a desired outcome, and symptoms that would indicate that this problem exists.
Context – preconditions which must exist in order for that problem to occur; this is often a situation. When forces conflict, the resolutions of those conflicts is often implied by the context.
Forces – description of forces or constraints and how they interact. Some of the forces may be contradictory. For example: being thorough often conflicts with time or money constraints.
Solution – instructions, possibly including variants. The solution may include pictures, diagrams, prose, or other media.
Examples – sample applications and solutions, analogies, visual examples, and known uses can be especially helpful, help user understand the context
Resulting Context – result after the pattern has been applied, including postconditions and side effects. It might also include new problems that might result from solving the original problem.
Rationale – the thought processes that would go into selecting this pattern, The rationale includes an explanation of why this pattern works, how forces and constraints are resolved to construct a desired outcome.
Related Patterns – differences and relationships with other patterns, possibly predecessor, antecedents, or alternatives that solve similar problems.

References

Bennedsen . Jens . June 2006 . The dissemination of pedagogical patterns . Computer Science Education . 16 . 2 . 119–136 . 10.1080/08993400600733590 . 12582991 .
Bennedsen . Jens . Eriksen . Ole . June 2006 . Categorizing pedagogical patterns by teaching activities and pedagogical values . Computer Science Education . 16 . 2 . 157–172 . 10.1080/08993400600768091 . 205613486 .
Book: Conole, Gráinne . 2013 . Pedagogical patterns . Designing for learning in an open world . Explorations in the learning sciences, instructional systems and performance technologies . 4 . New York . . 40–43 . 9781441985163 . 731915958 . 10.1007/978-1-4419-8517-0_3 .
Derntl . Michael . Botturi . Luca . June 2006 . Essential use cases for pedagogical patterns . Computer Science Education . 16 . 2 . 137–156 . 10.1080/08993400600768182 . 37426541 .
Fincher . Sally . September 1999 . Analysis of design: an exploration of patterns and pattern languages for pedagogy . Journal of Computers in Mathematics and Science Teaching . 18 . 3 . 331–348 .
Goodyear . Peter . March 2005 . Educational design and networked learning: patterns, pattern languages and design practice . . 21 . 1 . 82–101 . 10.14742/ajet.1344 . free .
Haberman . Bruria . June 2006 . Pedagogical patterns: a means for communication within the CS teaching community of practice . Computer Science Education . 16 . 2 . 87–103 . 10.1080/08993400600786994 . 23011626 .
Book: Hubscher . Roland . Frizell . Sherri . 2002 . Aligning theory and web-based instructional design practice with design patterns . Driscoll . Margaret . Reeves . Thomas C. . E-Learn 2002: world conference on e-learning in corporate, government, healthcare & higher education . Chesapeake, VA . Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE) . 298–304 . 9781880094464 . 61510840 .
Book: Jones . David . Stewart . Sharonn . Power . Leonie . 1999 . Patterns: using proven experience to develop online learning . Winn . Jenny . ASCILITE'99: responding to diversity: proceedings from the 16th annual conference of the Australasian Society for Computers in Learning in Tertiary Education (ASCILITE), December 5–8, 1999 . Brisbane . . 155–162 . 223117208 . http://www.ascilite.org/conferences/brisbane99/papers/jonesstewart.pdf .
Book: Laurillard, Diana . 2012 . Teaching as a design science: building pedagogical patterns for learning and technology . New York . . 9780415803854 . 754518543 . 10.4324/9780203125083 .
Book: Mor . Yishay . Mellar . Harvey . Warburton . Steven . Winters . Niall . 2014 . Practical design patterns for teaching and learning with technology . Trails in education . 8 . Rotterdam . Sense Publishers . 9789462095298 . 876802735 . 10.1007/978-94-6209-530-4 .
Scott . Bernard . Shurville . Simon . Maclean . Piers . Cong . Chunyu . January 2007 . Cybernetic principles for learning design . . 36 . 9/10 . 1497–1514 . 10.1108/03684920710827445 . In this article, pedagogical patterns are called learning design patterns.
Sharp . Helen . Manns . Mary Lynn . Eckstein . Jutta . December 2003 . Evolving pedagogical patterns: the work of the Pedagogical Patterns Project . Computer Science Education . 13 . 4 . 315–330 . 10.1076/csed.13.4.315.17493 . 3473870 .

External links

Pedagogical Patterns site
E-LEN, tutorial on making e-learning design pattern
Fourteen Pedagogical Patterns by Joseph Bergin

Notes and References

Book: Bergin, Joseph . March 2001 . A pattern language for initial course design . Proceedings of the Thirty-Second SIGCSE Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education (ACM SIGCSE Bulletin, Volume 33, Issue 1) . SIGCSE '01 . New York . . 282–286 [282] . 9781581133295 . 51305304 . 10.1145/364447.364602. 564766 .
Web site: Weisburgh . Mitchell . Documenting good education and training practices through design patterns . . 2007-10-17 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140815031631/http://ifets.ieee.org/discussions/discuss_june2004.html . 2014-08-15 . dead .