Pay-per-view explained

Pay-per-view (PPV) is a type of pay television or webcast service that enables a viewer to pay to watch individual events via private telecast.

Events can be purchased through a multichannel television platform using their electronic program guide, an automated telephone system, or through a live customer service representative. There has been an increasing number of pay-per-views distributed via streaming video online, either alongside or in lieu of carriage through television providers. In 2012, the popular video sharing platform YouTube began to allow partners to host live PPV events on the platform.^[1]

Events distributed through PPV typically include boxing, mixed martial arts, professional wrestling, and concerts. In the past, PPV was often used to distribute telecasts of feature films, as well as adult content such as pornographic films, but the growth of digital cable and streaming media caused these uses to be subsumed by video on demand systems (which allow viewers to purchase and view pre-recorded content at any time) instead, leaving PPV to focus primarily on live event programs and combat sports.

History

The earliest form of pay-per-view was closed-circuit television, also known as theatre television, where professional boxing telecasts were broadcast live to a select number of venues, mostly theaters, where viewers paid for tickets to watch the fight live.^[2] ^[3] The first fight with a closed-circuit telecast was Joe Louis vs. Jersey Joe Walcott in 1948.^[4] Closed-circuit telecasts peaked in popularity with Muhammad Ali in the 1960s and 1970s,^[2] ^[3] with "The Rumble in the Jungle" fight drawing 50million buys worldwide in 1974,^[5] and the "Thrilla in Manila" drawing 100million buys worldwide in 1975. Closed-circuit television was gradually replaced by pay-per-view home television in the 1980s and 1990s.^[3]

Experimental PPV systems in the 1950s and 1960s

The Zenith Phonevision system became the first home pay-per-view system to be tested in the United States. Developed in 1951, it used telephone lines to take and receive orders, as well as to descramble a television broadcast signal. The field tests conducted for Phonevision lasted for 90 days and were tested in Chicago, Illinois. The system used IBM punch cards to descramble a signal broadcast during the broadcast station's "off-time". Both systems showed promise, but the Federal Communications Commission denied them the permits to operate.^[6]

Telemeter, an experimental coin-operated pay-per-view service, had a trial run in Los Angeles in 1952 and Palm Springs, California from 1953 to 1954, featuring first-run movies and live sporting events, until a lawsuit from a local drive-in and other issues forced it to shut down. The service then set up an experimental run in the Toronto suburb of Etobicoke, Canada in 1959, free from American antitrust laws and outside of the FCC's juridiction. Programming initially consisted essentially of first-run movies and fictional series. In 1961, Telemeter signed deals with the Toronto Argonauts football team and the Toronto Maple Leafs to broadcast away games; wrestling was also featured. Some original programming, such as a 1962 Bob Newhart stand-up comedy special, thought to be the first filmed pay-per-view television special^[7] were produced at Telemeter's Bloor Street studio and several Broadway shows and an opera performance were also broadcast. At its peak, 5,800 households were subscribed but the experiment was not a success and shut down operations on April 30, 1965 with only 2,500 subscribers.^[8]

One of the earliest pay-per-view systems on cable television, the Optical Systems-developed Channel 100, first began service in 1972 in San Diego, California through Mission Cable^[9] (which was later acquired by Cox Communications) and TheaterVisioN, which operated out of Sarasota, Florida. These early systems quickly went out of business, as the cable industry adopted satellite technology and as flat-rate pay television services such as Home Box Office (HBO) became popular.

While most pay-per-view services were delivered via cable, there were a few over-the-air pay TV stations that offered pay-per-view broadcasts in addition to regularly scheduled broadcasts of movies and other entertainment. These stations, which operated for a few years in Chicago, Los Angeles and some other cities, broadcast "scrambled" signals that required descrambler devices to convert the signal into standard broadcast format. These services were marketed as ON-TV.

Professional boxing during 1960s1970s

The first home pay-per-view cable television broadcast was the Floyd Patterson vs. Ingemar Johansson rematch in 1960, when 25,000 TelePrompTer subscribers mailed $2 to watch Patterson regain the heavyweight title.^[10] The third PattersonJohansson match in 1961 was later viewed by 100,000 paid cable subscribers.^[11] Muhammad Ali had several fights on early pay-per-view home television, including Cassius Clay vs. Doug Jones in 1963,^[12] and Sonny Liston vs. Cassius Clay which drew 250,000 buys on cable television in 1964.

Professional boxing was largely introduced to pay-per-view cable television with the "Thrilla in Manila" fight between Muhammad Ali and Joe Frazier in September 1975. The fight sold 500,000 pay-per-view buys on HBO. There was also another major title fight aired on pay-per-view in 1980, when Roberto Durán defeated Sugar Ray Leonard. Cable companies offered the match for $10, and about 155,000 customers paid to watch the fight.^[13] ^[14]

1980s2000s

A major pay-per-view event occurred on September 16, 1981, when Sugar Ray Leonard fought Thomas "Hitman" Hearns for the World Welterweight Championship. Viacom Cablevision in Nashville, Tennessee – the first system to offer the event – saw over 50 percent of its subscriber base purchase the fight. Leonard visited Nashville to promote the fight, and the event proved such a success that Viacom themed its annual report for that year around it. Viacom marketing director Pat Thompson put together the fight, and subsequently put together additional PPV fights, wrestling matches, and even a televised Broadway play.

After leaving Viacom, Thompson became head of Sports View and produced the first pay-per-view football game on October 16, 1983: a college football game between the University of Tennessee and the University of Alabama from Birmingham, Alabama. Sports View played a role in building pay-per-view networks, and became the early pioneer in developing TigerVision for Louisiana State University, TideVision for Alabama and UT Vol Seat for Tennessee. Sports View also produced the Ohio State-Michigan football game for pay-per-view in November 1983.

In 1985, the first pay-per-view cable channels in the United States – Viewer's Choice (now In Demand), Cable Video Store, First Choice and Request TV – began operation within days of each other. Viewer's Choice serviced both home satellite dish and cable customers, while Request TV, though broadcasting to cable viewers, would not become available to satellite subscribers until the 1990s. First Choice PPV was available on Rogers Cablesystems in the United States and Canada. After Paragon Cable acquired the Rogers Cablesystems franchise in San Antonio, Texas, First Choice continued to be carried until Time Warner Cable bought Paragon in 1996. In the United States, pay-per-view broadcasters transmit without advertisements, similar to conventional flat-rate pay television services.

The term "pay-per-view" did not come into general use until the late 1980s when companies such as Viewer's Choice, HBO and Showtime started using the system to show movies and some of their productions. Viewer's Choice carried movies, concerts and other events, with live sporting events such as WrestleMania being the most predominant programming. Prices ranged from $3.99 to $49.99, while HBO and Showtime, with their event production legs TVKO and SET Pay Per View, would offer championship boxing matches ranging from $14.99 to $54.99.

ESPN later began to broadcast college football and basketball games on pay-per-view through its services ESPN GamePlan and ESPN Full Court, which were eventually sold as full-time out-of-market sports packages. The boxing undercard Latin Fury, shown on June 28, 2003, became ESPN's first boxing card on pay-per-view and also the first pay-per-view boxing card held in Puerto Rico. Pay-per-view has provided a revenue stream for professional wrestling circuits such as WWE, Impact Wrestling, All Elite Wrestling (AEW), World Championship Wrestling (WCW), Ring of Honor (ROH) and Lucha Libre AAA World Wide (AAA).

WWE chairman and chief executive officer Vince McMahon is considered by many as one of the icons of pay-per-view promotion. McMahon owns the domain name payperview.com, which redirects to the WWE Network website.^[15]

With the rise of direct broadcast satellite services in the 1990s, this meant more services exclusively for DBS users appeared. DirecTV had Direct Ticket (which, in addition to movies and special events, also included PPV sports packages, most notably NFL Sunday Ticket), while Dish Network had Dish On Demand. PrimeStar, on the other hand, utilized pre-existing services like Viewer's Choice and Request TV (as it was owned by a number of major cable providers), though promotional material bannered all PPV services under the name of PrimeCinema.

HBO PPV (professional boxing)

In 2006, HBO generated 3.7 million pay-per-view buys with $177 million in gross sales. The only year with more buys previously, 1999, had a total of 4 million. The former record fell in 2007 when HBO sold 4.8 million PPV buys with $255 million in sales.^[16] BY 2014, HBO had generated 59.3 million buys and $3.1 billion in revenue since its 1991 debut with Evander Holyfield-George Foreman.^[17]

1999 differed radically from 2006: 1999 saw four major fight cards: De La Hoya-Trinidad (1.4 million buys), Holyfield-Lewis I (1.2 million), Holyfield-Lewis II (850,000) and De La Hoya-Quartey (570,000). By contrast, only one pay-per-view mega-fight took place in 2006: De La Hoya-Mayorga (925,000 buys). Rahman-Maskaev bombed with under 50,000. The other eight PPV cards that year all fell in the 325,000–450,000 range. Pay-per-view fights in that range almost always generate more money for the promoter and fighters than HBO wants to pay for an HBO World Championship Boxing license-fee.

In May 2007, the junior middleweight boxing match between Oscar De La Hoya vs. Floyd Mayweather Jr. on HBO PPV became the biggest-selling non-heavyweight title fight, with a little more than 2.5 million buyers.^[18] The fight itself generated roughly in domestic PPV revenue, making it the most lucrative prizefight of that era. The record stood until 2015 before it was broken by Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Manny Pacquiao in a fight dubbed as the "Fight of the Century" on May 2, 2015, which generated 4.6 million ppv buys and a revenue of over $400 million.^[19]

The leading PPV attraction, Floyd Mayweather Jr. has generated approximately 24 million buys and $1.6 billion in revenue. Manny Pacquiao, ranked second, has generated approximately 20.1 million buys and $1.2 billion in revenue.^[20] ^[21] Oscar De La Hoya, has "sold" approximately 14 million units in total, giving $700 million in domestic television receipts and stands third. In fourth place in buys, Evander Holyfield has achieved 12.6 million units ($550 million); and at fifth, Mike Tyson has reached 12.4 million units ($545 million).^[22]

Ross Greenburg, then president of HBO Sports, called the expansion of pay-per-view "the biggest economic issue in boxing", stating "I can't tell you that pay-per-view helps the sport because it doesn't. It hurts the sport because it narrows our audience, but it's a fact of life. Every time we try to make an HBO World Championship Boxing fight, we're up against mythical pay-per-view numbers. HBO doesn't make a lot of money from pay-per-view. There's usually a cap on what we can make. But the promoters and fighters insist on pay-per-view because that's where their greatest profits lie."^[23]

"It's a big problem," Greenburg continues. "It's getting harder and harder to put fighters like Manny Pacquiao on HBO World Championship Boxing. If Floyd Mayweather beats Oscar, he might never fight on HBO World Championship Boxing again. But if HBO stopped doing pay-per-view, the promoters would simply do it on their own [like Bob Arum did with Cotto-Malignaggi in June 2006] or find someone else who will do it for them."^[23]

Former HBO Sports President Seth Abraham concurs, saying, "I think, if Lou (DiBella) and I were still at HBO, we'd be in the same pickle as far as the exodus of fights to pay-per-view is concerned."^[24]

Ultimate Fighting Championship

The Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC), a mixed martial arts promotion, was a relative newcomer to the PPV market. However, the promotion experienced a surge in popularity in the mid-2000s, credited initially to the popularity of an associated reality show on the cable channel Spike, The Ultimate Fighter. UFC 52—the first UFC event since its premiere, broke the promotion's record with almost 300,000 buys (in comparison to 250,000 for UFC 5).^[25] ^[26] PPV numbers escalated further in 2006, with its events taking in a gross revenue of $222 million.^[27] In October 2016, it was reported that 42% of the UFC's "content revenue" in 2015 came from pay-per-view buys, followed by U.S. and international media rights.

In 2018, UFC 229 would pull an all-time record for the promotion, with estimates indicating that the event attracted nearly 2.4 million buys, breaking the 1.65 million buy record set by UFC 202.^[28]

In March 2019, as part of a larger contract with ESPN for media rights in the United States, it was announced that future UFC pay-per-views will only be sold to subscribers of the network's streaming service ESPN+.^[29] ^[30]

Professional wrestling

Professional wrestling has a long history of running pay-per-view events. WWE (then WWF) launched its first pay-per-view event in 1985 with its annual flagship event WrestleMania and has run numerous others throughout the years. Although it still offers its events via traditional PPV outlets, they have also been included at no additional charge as part of a larger, subscription-based streaming service known as WWE Network. The service also includes original programming (such as documentary-style series and other wrestling programs) and an on-demand archive of events and television episodes from WWE's library. Following WrestleMania 34, the service had 2.12 million subscribers.^[31] ^[32]

Since the beginning of 2022, WWE has ceased using the term "pay-per-view" and replaced it with "Premium Live Events" in promotional materials, to emphasize their carriage via subscription platforms.^[33] WWE had also begun to phase out WWE Network in some markets in favor of agreements with existing streaming services, including its U.S. agreement with Peacock.^[34] ^[35]

Other major organizations such as World Championship Wrestling, Extreme Championship Wrestling, TNA, Ring of Honor, and All Elite Wrestling have also run pay-per-view events.

Concerts

In 1999, Woodstock 1999 was broadcast via PPV from Rome, New York for people who wanted to attend but could not. The cameras were a cause of the downfall of the event.

In 2015, PPV broadcasts of the tour set a record for buys for a music event, with over 400,000.^[36]

United Kingdom and Ireland

Viewers in the United Kingdom and Ireland can access pay-per-view via satellite, cable and over-the-internet television services, mainly for films, boxing, mixed martial arts and American professional wrestling via services such as Sky Box Office and TNT Sports Box Office. Recent years has seen the number of pay-per-view boxing events significantly increase and currently all of the UK's top fights are only available via pay-per-view. Broadcasters (most notably PremPlus) have abandoned their aspirations to introduce PPV into other sports markets following poor interest from the public.

In October 2020 during the 2020-21 season, the Premier League experimented with PPV telecasts of football matches not selected for broadcasts by its main rightsholders (which are usually blacked out 3:00 p.m. kickoffs, amid the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom, which prevented any attendance of the matches). However, the matches proved unpopular, with team supporters' groups urging fans to make donations to charity instead, and the Premier League announcing that it would allocate the extra matches among its existing rightsholders (TNT and Sky, as well as Amazon Prime Video and BBC Sport, with some on free-to-air TV) through at least the end of 2020, as it had done during the conclusion of the previous season.^[37] ^[38] ^[39] ^[40]

Canada

In Canada, most specialty television providers provide pay-per-view programming through one or more services. In all cases, prices typically range from around C$4.99 (for movies) up to $50 or more for special events.

Initially, there were three major PPV providers in Canada; Viewers Choice operated in Eastern Canada as a joint venture of Astral Media, Rogers Communications, and TSN. Western International Communications operated a separate service in the west initially known as Home Theatre; it was later rebranded as Viewers Choice under license.

Viewers Choice Canada was a partner in a French-language PPV service known as Canal Indigo, which is now entirely owned by Videotron. Bell Canada launched a PPV service for its ExpressVu television provider known as Vu! in 1999.

Home Theatre was later acquired by Shaw Communications; after gaining permission to operate nationally, it re-branded as a white-label PPV known internally as Shaw PPV in December 2007. In 2014, due to Bell Media's majority ownership of Viewers Choice because of its acquisition of Astral, and because both Bell and Rogers now ran their own in-house PPV operations (Vu! and Sportsnet PPV), Viewers Choice was shut down.^[41]

Mainland Europe

In Romania, cable communications operator UPC Romania has notified the National Audiovisual Council (CNA) on the intention to introduce in January, February 2014 at the latest, an on-demand audiovisual media service called Agerpres. According to the manager of UPC Romania-owned Smaranda Radoi UPC, will allow customers to watch movies on demand or live events; as well as broadcasts of performances, concerts and sporting events.

In November 2008, pay-per-view made its debut in Albania through Digitalb on terrestrial and satellite television, with the channel DigiGold.^[42]

In France, launched in the late 1990s, Canalsat (Ciné+) and TPS (Multivision) operate their own pay-per-view service. While CanalSat holds the rights to live soccer matches for France's Ligue 1, TPS had the rights for Boxe matches. In 2007, Multivision service ceased by the end of TPS service which merged with Canalsat. Nowadays, Ciné+ is the only existing pay-per-view service in France.

In Croatia, Fight Channel is broadcasting martial arts events organized by the world's most prominent fighting organizations, such as the UFC, K-1, HBO Boxing, Dream, Glory WS, World Series of Boxing etc. and its pay-per-view service covers the Balkans region.

Sky Deutschland, accessible in Germany, Austria and partially in Switzerland, provided nine PPV-Channels called "Sky Select", where their regular Pay-TV customers can see movies or various sports events such as boxing or soccer.^[43] As of 1. October 2020 only sport and wrestling events remained on PPV as movies were changed towards a streaming service.^[44]

South America

Per nations with Pay-Per-View or PPV system in South América:

In Argentina, Torneos y Competencias is a producer and sports events organization that are broadcasts live main matches of Argentine Soccer in four categories on TyC Sports, TyC Max (six channels), TyC Sports 2, TyC Sports 4 and TyC Sports 5.

In Brazil, in the soccer main matches of Serie A (Six games per matchday) and Serie B (Four games per matchday) in two categories of Brazilian Soccer are broadcast live on Premiere FC and SporTV. The Serie C Championship are broadcast live on SporTV with two games per matchday in Pay TV. In other sports are broadcast live on NBB TV (Exclusive channel of Brazilian Basketball League in Premium system).

In Chile, the exclusive rights of Chilean Soccer are owned by TV Fútbol and broadcast live on a channel called Canal Del Fútbol (The Soccer Channel), also known CDF. Sports Field S.A. has exclusive rights to games on the Chilean professional basketball league, which are broadcast live vía CDO (Premium Signal).

In Paraguay, the Teledeportes producer business have exclusive rights to broadcast live main matches of Paraguayan Soccer in four categories vía Tigo Max and Tigo Sports. Teledeportes have live broadcast of Paraguayan Basketball League broadcast Tuesday at 9:00 pm on Tigo Sports (K.O 21:15) and Wednesday at 8:55 pm on Tigo Max (K.O 21:10).

In Uruguay, the Tenfield producer business and sports events organization have television exclusive rights for the Uruguayan soccer and basketball club championships, which are broadcast on VTV and VTV Plus.

Australia and the Pacific Islands

Foxtel and Optus Vision introduced pay-per-view direct to home television in Australia in the mid-to-late 1990s. Foxtel had Event TV (until it transformed into its current form; Main Event) while, Optus Vision had Main Attraction Pay-Per-View as its provider. As of 2005, Main Event is the current pay-per-view provider through Foxtel and Optus cable/satellite subscription.

Sky Pacific started a service in Fiji in 2005 and then expanded into American Samoa, Cook Islands, Fiji, Kiribati (East), Nauru, New Caledonia, Niue, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga and Vanuatu, with one, out of their 25 channels, being Pay-Per-View.^[45]

Asia

In Malaysia, Astro's Astro Box Office service launched in 2000 in the form of the free-to-air "Astro Showcase".

In Japan, SkyPerfecTV subscribers can receive one-click pay-per-view access to hundreds of channels supplying domestic and international sporting events (including WWE events), movies, and specialty programming, either live or later on continuous repeat on its channel.

In India a pay-per-view service operates; however, pay-per-view sports broadcasts are available. Now also live events like WWE.

List of largest pay-per-view markets

Largest pay-per-view markets (as of 2021)^[46] ! Rank! Country! Annual revenue (2021)
1	United States	$2,060,000,000
2	United Kingdom	$1,180,000,000
3	Japan	$1,130,000,000
4	Germany	$620,000,000
5	China	$460,000,000

List of pay-per-view bouts

Boxing

Worldwide

The following is a list of boxing fights that have generated over 1million pay-per-view buys worldwide. These figures include closed-circuit theatre television (CCTV), pay-per-view home television (PPV), and pay-per-view online streaming (is teofista.vhx.tv series 44).

Date	Fight	Network(s)	Sales	Revenue	Revenue
	Muhammad Ali vs. Joe Frazier	Closed-circuit theatre TV	^[47]	^[48]
	Muhammad Ali vs. George Foreman	Closed-circuit theatre TV		$100,000,000^[49] ^[50]
	Muhammad Ali vs. Joe Frazier III	Closed-circuit theatre TV HBO	^[51]	$100,000,000
	Muhammad Ali vs. Ken Norton III	Closed-circuit theatre TV		^[52]
	Roberto Durán vs. Sugar Ray Leonard	Closed-circuit theatre TVHBO		$30,000,000^[53]
	Larry Holmes vs. Gerry Cooney	Closed-circuit theatre TV		$20,000,000
	Marvin Hagler vs. Sugar Ray Leonard	Closed-circuit theatre TV HBO		$60,000,000^[54]
	Mike Tyson vs. Michael Spinks	Closed-circuit theatre TV HBO		$70,000,000
	Evander Holyfield vs. George Foreman	HBO		$75,000,000^[55]
	Mike Tyson vs. Donovan Ruddock II	Showtime	^[56]	^[57] ^[58]
	Mike Tyson vs. Peter McNeeley	Showtime		^[59] ^[60]
	Frank Bruno vs. Mike Tyson II	ShowtimeSky Box Office		$98,000,000^[61]
	Mike Tyson vs. Bruce Seldon	Showtime
	Mike Tyson vs. Evander Holyfield	Showtime
	Mike Tyson vs. Evander Holyfield II	Showtime Sky Box Office Closed-circuit theatre TV		$180,000,000^[62]
	Oscar De La Hoya vs. Félix Trinidad	HBO		$74,100,000^[63]
	Lennox Lewis vs. Mike Tyson	HBO Showtime Sky Box Office		$112,000,000^[64]
	Oscar De La Hoya vs. Floyd Mayweather Jr.	HBO Closed-circuit theatre TV		$165,000,000^[65]
	Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Ricky Hatton	HBO Sky Box Office	^[66]	$134,000,000
	Oscar De La Hoya vs. Manny Pacquiao	HBO		$100,000,000
	Manny Pacquiao vs. Ricky Hatton	HBO Sky Box Office		$80,200,000
	Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Juan Manuel Márquez	HBO		^[67]
	Manny Pacquiao vs. Miguel Cotto	HBO		^[68]
	Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Shane Mosley	HBO		^[69]
	Manny Pacquiao vs. Antonio Margarito	HBO		^[70]
	Manny Pacquiao vs. Shane Mosley	Showtime		^[71]
	Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs Victor Ortiz	HBO		^[72]
	Manny Pacquiao vs. Juan Manuel Márquez III	HBO		^[73]
	Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Miguel Cotto	HBO		$94,000,000
	Manny Pacquiao vs. Juan Manuel Márquez IV	HBO		^[74]
		Showtime		$150,000,000
	Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Manny Pacquiao	HBO Showtime Sky Box Office Closed-circuit theatre TV		$500,000,000^[75]	$500,000,000
	Anthony Joshua vs. Wladimir Klitschko	Sky Box Office		^[76]
	Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Conor McGregor	Showtime Sky Box Office	5,174,000	$500,000,000^[77]	$500,000,000
	Canelo Álvarez vs. Gennady Golovkin	HBO		$100,000,000	$100,000,000
	Anthony Joshua vs. Joseph Parker	Sky Box Office		^[78] ^[79]	$60,000,000
	KSI vs. Logan Paul	YouTube	^[80]	^[81] ^[82]
	Canelo Álvarez vs. Gennady Golovkin II	HBO		$117,000,000	$117,000,000
Sept 22, 2018	Anthony Joshua vs. Alexander Povetkin	Sky Box Office	1,247,000	^[83] ^[84]	$53,000,000
November 9, 2019	KSI vs. Logan Paul II	Sky Box OfficeDAZN	2,000,000
	Andy Ruiz Jr. vs. Anthony Joshua II	Sky Box Office
	Deontay Wilder vs. Tyson Fury II	ESPN Fox Sports	^[85]	$112,900,000^[86]
	Mike Tyson vs. Roy Jones Jr.	Triller		$80,000,000	$80,000,000
June 6, 2021	Floyd Mayweather Jr vs. Logan Paul	Showtime	1,000,000^[87]	$50,000,000^[88]

United States (closed-circuit theatre TV)

Select boxing buy rates at American closed-circuit theatre television venues between 1951 and 2015:

Fight	Buys	Revenue	Revenue
Joe Louis vs. Lee Savold	^[89]	$100,000^[90]	$
Sugar Ray Robinson vs. Randolph Turpin II	^[91]	$	$
Jersey Joe Walcott vs. Rocky Marciano	^[92]	$^[93]	$
Rocky Marciano vs. Archie Moore	^[94]	$1,125,000^[95]	$
Sugar Ray Robinson vs. Carmen Basilio	^[96]	$^[97]	$
Sugar Ray Robinson vs. Carmen Basilio II	^[98]	$2,000,000^[99]	$
Floyd Patterson vs. Roy Harris	^[100]	$763,437	$
Floyd Patterson vs. Ingemar Johansson	^[101]	$1,032,000	$
Floyd Patterson vs. Ingemar Johansson II	^[102]	$3,000,000^[103]	$
Floyd Patterson vs. Ingemar Johansson III	^[104]	$2,500,000	$
Floyd Patterson vs. Sonny Liston	^[105]	$3,200,000^[106]	$
Cassius Clay vs. Doug Jones	^[107]	$500,000	$
Floyd Patterson vs. Sonny Liston II		$4,747,690^[108]	$
Sonny Liston vs. Cassius Clay	^[109]	$5,000,000	$
Floyd Patterson vs. George Chuvalo	^[110]	$800,000^[111]	$
Muhammad Ali vs. Sonny Liston II	^[112]	$4,300,000	$
Muhammad Ali vs. Floyd Patterson	^[113]	$4,000,000	$
Muhammad Ali vs. Cleveland Williams	^[114]	$	$
Muhammad Ali vs. Ernie Terrell	^[115]	$	$
Muhammad Ali vs. Jerry Quarry	^[116] ^[117]	$3,500,000^[118]	$
Muhammad Ali vs. Joe Frazier		$^[119]	$
Muhammad Ali vs. George Foreman		$	$
Muhammad Ali vs. Joe Frazier III		$	$
Muhammad Ali vs. Ken Norton III	^[120]	$^[121]	$
Sugar Ray Leonard vs. Roberto Durán	^[122]	$22,000,000^[123]	$
Larry Holmes vs. Gerry Cooney	^[124]	$20,000,000	$
Marvin Hagler vs. Thomas Hearns	^[125]	$^[126]	$
Marvin Hagler vs. Sugar Ray Leonard		$40,000,000^[127]	$
Mike Tyson vs. Michael Spinks	^[128]	$32,000,000	$
Evander Holyfield vs. Mike Tyson II	^[129]	$9,000,000	$
Oscar De La Hoya vs. Floyd Mayweather Jr.	^[130]	$^[131]	$
Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Manny Pacquiao		$^[132]	$

United States (PPV home television)

Select PPV boxing buy-rates between 1960 and 2023:

Fight	Result	Carrier	Buy rate
Floyd Patterson vs. Ingemar Johansson II	Patterson wins by KO in round 5	TelePrompTer
Floyd Patterson vs. Ingemar Johansson III	Patterson wins by KO in round 6	TelePrompTer
Floyd Patterson vs. Sonny Liston	Liston wins by KO in round 1	TelePrompTer	^[133]
Sonny Liston vs. Cassius Clay	Ali wins by RTD in round 6	WHCT^[134]	^[135]
Muhammad Ali vs. Joe Frazier III	Ali wins by TKO in round 14	HBO	^[136]
Sugar Ray Leonard vs. Roberto Durán	Durán wins by UD (145–144, 148–147, 146–144)	HBO
Sugar Ray Leonard vs. Thomas Hearns	Leonard wins by TKO in round 14	HBO	^[137]
Marvin Hagler vs. Thomas Hearns	Hagler wins by TKO in round 3	HBO
Marvin Hagler vs. Sugar Ray Leonard	Leonard wins by SD (118–110, 113–115, 115–113)	HBO
	Tyson wins by KO in round 1	HBO	^[138]
	Leonard wins by TKO in round 9	HBO	^[139]
	Holyfield wins by KO in round 3	Showtime
Mike Tyson vs. Donovan Ruddock	Tyson wins by TKO in round 7	Showtime	^[140]
Evander Holyfield vs. George Foreman	Holyfield wins by UD (116–111, 117–110, 115–112)	HBO	^[141]
Mike Tyson vs. Donovan Ruddock II	Tyson wins by UD (113–109, 114–108, 114–108)	Showtime
Ray Mercer vs. Tommy Morrison	Mercer wins by KO in round 5	HBO	^[142]
Evander Holyfield vs. Larry Holmes	Holyfield wins by UD (117–111, 116–112, 116–112)	HBO	^[143]
Julio César Chávez vs. Héctor Camacho	Chavez wins by UD (110–119, 111–117, 107–120)	Showtime	^[144]
	Bowe wins by UD (117–110, 117–110, 115–112)	HBO	^[145]
	Morrison wins by UD (117–110, 117–110, 118–108)	HBO	^[146]
	Majority draw (115–113, 115–115, 115–115)	Showtime	^[147]
	Holyfield wins by MD (115–113, 115–114, 114–114)	HBO	^[148]
James Toney vs. Roy Jones Jr.	Jones Jr. wins by UD (119–108, 118–109, 117–110)	HBO	^[149]
Oscar De La Hoya vs. Rafael Ruelas	De La Hoya wins by TKO in round 2	HBO	^[150]
Mike Tyson vs. Peter McNeeley	Tyson wins by DQ in round 1	Showtime	^[151]
Riddick Bowe vs. Evander Holyfield III	Bowe wins by TKO in round 8	HBO	^[152]
	Tyson wins by TKO in round 3	Showtime
Bruce Seldon vs. Mike Tyson	Tyson wins by TKO in round 1	Showtime
Mike Tyson vs. Evander Holyfield	Holyfield wins by TKO in round 11	Showtime
Pernell Whitaker vs. Oscar De La Hoya	De La Hoya wins by UD (115–111, 116–110, 116–110)	HBO	^[153]
Mike Tyson vs. Evander Holyfield II	Holyfield wins by DQ in round 3	Showtime
Oscar De La Hoya vs. Héctor Camacho	De La Hoya wins by UD (120–106, 120–105, 118–108)	HBO
Lennox Lewis vs. Andrew Golota	Lewis wins by KO in round 1	HBO	^[154]
Evander Holyfield vs. Michael Moorer II	Holyfield wins by RTD in round 8	Showtime	^[155]
	Tyson wins by KO in round 5	Showtime	^[156]
	Split draw (116–113, 113–115, 115–115)	HBO
Oscar De La Hoya vs. Félix Trinidad	Trinidad wins by MD (115–113, 115–114, 114–114)	HBO
Evander Holyfield vs. Lennox Lewis II	Lewis wins by UD (116–112, 117–111, 115–113)	HBO
Lennox Lewis vs. Michael Grant	Lewis wins by KO in round 2	HBO
Oscar De La Hoya vs. Shane Mosley	Mosley wins by SD (116–112, 115–113, 113–115)	HBO
Roy Jones Jr. vs. Eric Harding	Jones Jr. wins by RTD in round 10	HBO	^[157]
Mike Tyson vs. Andrew Golota	Tyson wins by TKO in round 3 (later changed to an NC)	Showtime	^[158]
Lennox Lewis vs. David Tua	Lewis wins by UD (119–109, 118–110, 117–111)	HBO	^[159]
Evander Holyfield vs. John Ruiz II	Ruiz wins by UD (116–110, 115–111, 114–111)	Showtime	^[160]
Naseem Hamed vs. Marco Antonio Barrera	Barrera wins by UD (116–111, 115–112, 115–112)	HBO	^[161]
Laila Ali vs. Jacqui Frazier-Lyde	Ali wins by MD (73–79, 75–77, 76–76)		^[162]
Hasim Rahman vs. Lennox Lewis II	Lewis wins by KO in round 4	HBO	^[163]
Lennox Lewis vs. Mike Tyson	Lewis wins by KO in round 8	HBO/Showtime
Oscar De La Hoya vs. Fernando Vargas	De La Hoya wins by TKO in round 11	HBO
Mike Tyson vs. Clifford Etienne	Tyson wins by KO in round 1	Showtime
John Ruiz vs. Roy Jones Jr.	Jones Jr. wins by UD (118–110, 117–111, 116–112)	HBO
Oscar De La Hoya vs. Shane Mosley II	Mosley wins by UD (113–115, 113–115, 113–115)	HBO
Evander Holyfield vs. James Toney	Toney wins by TKO in round 9	Showtime	^[164]
Antonio Tarver vs. Roy Jones Jr.	Jones Jr. wins by MD (117–111, 116–112, 114–114)	HBO	^[165]
Roy Jones Jr. vs. Antonio Tarver II	Tarver wins by KO in round 2	HBO	^[166]
Bernard Hopkins vs. Oscar De La Hoya	Hopkins wins by KO in round 9	HBO
Vitali Klitschko vs. Danny Williams	Klitschko wins by TKO in round 8	HBO	^[167]
Erik Morales vs. Manny Pacquiao	Morales wins by UD (115–113, 115–113, 115–113)	HBO	^[168]
Mike Tyson vs. Kevin McBride	McBride wins by TKO in round 7	Showtime	^[169]
Arturo Gatti vs. Floyd Mayweather Jr.	Mayweather Jr. wins by RTD in round 6	HBO
Antonio Tarver vs. Roy Jones Jr. III	Tarver wins by UD (117–111, 116–112, 116–112)	HBO	^[170]
Erik Morales vs. Manny Pacquiao II	Pacquiao wins by TKO in round 10	HBO	^[171]
Shane Mosley vs Fernando Vargas	Mosley wins by TKO in round 10	HBO	^[172]
Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Zab Judah	Mayweather Jr. wins by UD (116–112, 117–111, 119–109)	HBO
Ricardo Mayorga vs. Oscar De La Hoya	De La Hoya wins by TKO in round 6	HBO	^[173]
Manny Pacquiao vs. Óscar Larios	Pacquiao wins by UD (117–110, 118–108, 120–106)	Top Rank	^[174]
Shane Mosley vs Fernando Vargas II	Mosley wins by TKO in round 6	HBO
Hasim Rahman vs. Oleg Maskaev II	Maskaev wins by TKO in round 12	HBO	^[175]
Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Carlos Baldomir	Mayweather Jr. wins by UD (120–108, 120–108, 118–110)	HBO
Manny Pacquiao vs. Erik Morales III	Pacquiao wins by KO in round 3	HBO
Manny Pacquiao vs. Jorge Solís	Pacquiao wins by KO in round 8	Top Rank	^[176]
Oscar De La Hoya vs. Floyd Mayweather Jr.	Mayweather Jr. wins by SD (116–112, 115–113, 113–115)	HBO
Manny Pacquiao vs. Marco Antonio Barrera II	Pacquiao wins by UD (118–109, 118–109, 115–112)	HBO	^[177]
Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Ricky Hatton	Mayweather Jr. wins by TKO in round 10	HBO	^[178]
Félix Trinidad vs. Roy Jones Jr.	Jones Jr. wins by UD (116–110, 117–109, 116–110)	HBO	^[179]
Kelly Pavlik vs. Jermain Taylor II	Pavlik wins by UD (115–113, 117–111, 116–112)	HBO
Juan Manuel Márquez vs. Manny Pacquiao II	Pacquiao wins by SD (115–112, 114–113, 112–115)	HBO	^[180]
David Díaz vs. Manny Pacquiao	Pacquiao wins by TKO in round 9	HBO	^[181]
Miguel Cotto vs. Antonio Margarito	Margarito wins by TKO in round 11	HBO	^[182]
Joe Calzaghe vs. Roy Jones Jr.	Calzaghe wins by UD (118–109, 118–109, 118–109)	HBO
Oscar De La Hoya vs. Manny Pacquiao	Pacquiao wins by RTD in round 8	HBO
Manny Pacquiao vs. Ricky Hatton	Pacquiao wins by KO in round 2	HBO	^[183]
Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Juan Manuel Márquez	Mayweather Jr. wins by UD (120–107, 119–108, 118–109)	HBO
Manny Pacquiao vs. Miguel Cotto	Pacquiao wins by TKO in round 12	HBO	^[184]
Manny Pacquiao vs. Joshua Clottey	Pacquiao wins by UD (119–109, 119–109, 120–108)	HBO	^[185]
Bernard Hopkins vs. Roy Jones Jr. II	Hopkins win by UD (118–109, 117–110, 117–110)	HBO	^[186]
Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Shane Mosley	Mayweather Jr. wins by UD (119–109, 118–110, 119–109)	HBO
Manny Pacquiao vs. Antonio Margarito	Pacquiao wins by UD (120–108, 118–110, 119–109)	HBO	^[187]
Manny Pacquiao vs. Shane Mosley	Pacquiao wins by UD (119–108, 120–108, 120–107)	Showtime	^[188]
Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs Victor Ortiz	Mayweather Jr. wins by KO in round 4	HBO	^[189]
Manny Pacquiao vs. Juan Manuel Márquez III	Pacquiao wins by MD (115–113, 114–114, 116–112)	HBO	^[190]
Miguel Cotto vs. Antonio Margarito II	Cotto wins by RTD in round 9	HBO	^[191]
Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Miguel Cotto	Mayweather Jr. wins by UD (117–111, 117–111, 118–110)	HBO	^[192]
Manny Pacquiao vs. Timothy Bradley	Bradley wins by SD (115–113, 115–113, 115–113)	HBO	^[193]
	Martínez wins by UD (118–109, 118–109, 117–110)	HBO	^[194]
Manny Pacquiao vs. Juan Manuel Márquez IV	Márquez wins by KO in round 6	HBO	^[195]
Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Robert Guerrero	Mayweather Jr. wins by UD (117–111, 117–111, 117–111)	Showtime	^[196]
	Mayweather Jr. wins by MD (117–111, 116–112, 114–114)	Showtime	^[197]
	Bradley wins by SD (115–113, 116–112, 113–115)	HBO	^[198]
	Pacquiao wins by UD (119–109, 120–108, 118–110)	HBO	^[199]
Canelo Álvarez vs. Alfredo Angulo	Álvarez wins by TKO in Round 10	Showtime	^[200]
Manny Pacquiao vs. Timothy Bradley II	Pacquiao wins by UD (116–112, 116–112, 118–110)	HBO	^[201]
Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Marcos Maidana	Mayweather Jr. wins by MD (114–114, 117–111, 116–112)	Showtime	^[202]
Miguel Cotto vs. Sergio Martínez	Cotto wins by RTD in round 10	HBO	^[203]
Canelo Álvarez vs. Erislandy Lara	Álvarez wins by SD (115–113, 117–111, 113–115)	Showtime	^[204]
Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Marcos Maidana II	Mayweather Jr. wins by UD (116–111, 116–111, 115–112)	Showtime
Manny Pacquiao vs. Chris Algieri	Pacquiao wins by UD (119–103, 119–103, 120–102)	HBO	^[205]
Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Manny Pacquiao	Mayweather Jr. wins by UD (116–112, 116–112, 118–110)	HBO/Showtime	^[206]
Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Andre Berto	Mayweather Jr. wins by UD (120–108, 118–110, 117–111)	Showtime	^[207]
Gennady Golovkin vs. David Lemieux	Golovkin wins by TKO in round 8	HBO	^[208]
Miguel Cotto vs. Canelo Álvarez	Álvarez wins by UD (117–111, 119–109, 118–110)	HBO	^[209]
Manny Pacquiao vs. Timothy Bradley III	Pacquiao wins by UD (116–110, 116–110, 116–110)	HBO	^[210]
Canelo Álvarez vs. Amir Khan	Álvarez wins by KO in round 6	HBO	^[211]
Terence Crawford vs. Viktor Postol	Crawford wins by UD (118–107, 118–107, 117–108)	HBO	^[212]
Canelo Álvarez vs. Liam Smith	Álvarez wins by TKO in round 9	HBO	^[213]
Manny Pacquiao vs. Jessie Vargas	Pacquiao wins by UD (118–109, 118–109, 114–113)	Top Rank	^[214]
Sergey Kovalev vs. Andre Ward	Ward wins by UD (114–113, 114–113, 114–113)	HBO	^[215]
Gennady Golovkin vs. Daniel Jacobs	Golovkin wins by UD (115–112, 115–112, 114–113)	HBO	^[216]
Canelo Álvarez vs. Julio César Chávez Jr.	Álvarez wins by UD (120–108, 120–108, 120–108)	HBO	^[217]
Andre Ward vs. Sergey Kovalev II	Ward wins by TKO in round 8	HBO	^[218]
Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Conor McGregor	Mayweather Jr. wins by TKO in round 10	Showtime	^[219]
Canelo Álvarez vs. Gennady Golovkin	Split draw (118–110, 115–113, 114–114)	HBO	^[220]
Canelo Álvarez vs. Gennady Golovkin II	Álvarez wins by MD (115–113, 114–114, 115–113)	HBO	^[221]
Deontay Wilder vs. Tyson Fury	Split draw (115–111, 113–113, 112–114)	Showtime	^[222]
Manny Pacquiao vs. Adrien Broner	Pacquiao wins by UD (117–111, 116–112, 116–112)	Showtime	^[223]
Errol Spence Jr. vs. Mikey Garcia	Spence Jr. wins by UD (120–107, 120–108, 120–108)	Fox	^[224]
Terence Crawford vs. Amir Khan	Crawford wins by TKO in round 6	ESPN	^[225]
Manny Pacquiao vs. Keith Thurman	Pacquiao wins by SD (115–112, 115–112, 113–114)	Fox	^[226]
Errol Spence Jr. vs. Shawn Porter	Spence wins by SD (116–111, 116–111, 112–115)	Fox	^[227]
	KSI wins by SD (56–55, 57–54, 55–56)	DAZN
Deontay Wilder vs. Luis Ortiz II	Wilder wins by KO in round 7	Fox	^[228]
Deontay Wilder vs. Tyson Fury II	Fury wins by TKO in round 7	ESPN/Fox	^[229]
Jermall Charlo vs. Sergiy Derevyanchenko	Charlo wins by UD (116–112, 118–110, 117–111)	Showtime	^[230]
Gervonta Davis vs. Leo Santa Cruz	Davis wins by KO in round 6	Showtime	^[231]
Mike Tyson vs. Roy Jones Jr.	Split draw (76–76, 79–73, 76–80)	Triller	^[232]
Errol Spence Jr. vs. Danny García	Spence wins by UD (117–111, 116–112, 116–112)	Fox	^[233]
Chris Arreola vs. Andy Ruiz Jr.	Ruiz wins by UD (118–109, 118–109, 117–110)	Fox	^[234]
Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Logan Paul	Exhibition fight, no winner declared	Showtime	^[235] ^[236]
Mario Barrios vs. Gervonta Davis	Davis wins by TKO in round 11	Showtime	^[237]
Manny Pacquiao vs. Yordenis Ugás	Ugas wins by UD (116–112, 116–112, 115–113)	Fox	^[238]
Jake Paul vs. Tyron Woodley	Paul wins by SD (78–74, 77–75, 75–77)	Showtime	^[239] ^[240]
Tyson Fury vs. Deontay Wilder III	Fury wins by KO in round 11	ESPN/Fox	^[241]
Canelo Álvarez vs. Caleb Plant	Álvarez wins by TKO in round 11	Showtime	^[242]
Terence Crawford vs. Shawn Porter	Crawford wins by TKO in round 10	ESPN	^[243] ^[244]
Gervonta Davis vs. Isaac Cruz	Davis wins by UD (115–113, 115–113, 116–112)	Showtime	^[245] ^[246] ^[247]
Canelo Álvarez vs. Dmitry Bivol	Bivol wins by UD (115–113, 115–113, 115–113)	DAZN	^[248]
Gervonta Davis vs. Rolando Romero	Davis wins by TKO in round 6	Showtime	^[249]
Canelo Álvarez vs. Gennady Golovkin III	Álvarez wins by UD (116–112, 115–113, 115–113)	DAZN	^[250]
Deontay Wilder vs. Robert Helenius	Wilder wins by KO in round 1	Fox	^[251]
Gervonta Davis vs. Ryan Garcia	Davis wins by TKO in round 7	Showtime	^[252]
Devin Haney vs. Vasiliy Lomachenko	Haney wins by UD (115–113, 116–112, 115–113)	ESPN	^[253]
Errol Spence Jr. vs. Terence Crawford	Crawford wins by TKO in round 9	Showtime	^[254]

United Kingdom

Select boxing pay-per-view figures (mainly from Sky Box Office) since 1966. Many of these figures are based on BARB weekly viewing data figures.^[255]

Date	Fight	Network	Buys	Source(s)
	Muhammad Ali vs. Henry Cooper II	Pay TV	40,000	^[256]
	Frank Bruno vs. Mike Tyson II	Sky Box Office	660,000	^[257]
	Naseem Hamed vs. Remigio Molina	Sky Box Office	420,000	^[258]
	Naseem Hamed vs. Tom Johnson	Sky Box Office	720,000	^[259]
	Naseem Hamed vs. Billy Hardy	Sky Box Office		^[260]
	Evander Holyfield vs. Mike Tyson II	Sky Box Office	550,000	^[261]
	Evander Holyfield vs. Lennox Lewis	Sky Box Office	400,000	^[262]
	Mike Tyson vs. Julius Francis	Sky Box Office	500,000
	Naseem Hamed vs. Augie Sanchez	Sky Box Office	300,000	^[263]
	Lennox Lewis vs. Mike Tyson	Sky Box Office	750,000	^[264]
	Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Ricky Hatton	Sky Box Office	1,150,000	^[265]
	Manny Pacquiao vs. Ricky Hatton	Sky Box Office	900,000	^[266]
	Amir Khan vs. Andreas Kotelnik	Sky Box Office	100,000	^[267]
	Nikolai Valuev vs. David Haye	Sky Box Office	469,000	^[268]
	David Haye vs. John Ruiz	Sky Box Office	253,000	^[269]
	Carl Froch vs. Mikkel Kessler	Primetime	50,000	^[270]
	Kell Brook vs Michael Jennings	Sky Box Office		^[271]
	David Haye vs. Audley Harrison	Sky Box Office	304,000
	Amir Khan vs. Marcos Maidana	Sky Box Office		^[272]
	Amir Khan vs. Paul McCloskey	Primetime		^[273]
	George Groves vs. James DeGale	Sky Box Office	43,000	^[274]
	Wladimir Klitschko vs. David Haye	Sky Box Office	1,197,000	^[275] ^[276] ^[277]
	Carl Froch vs. Mikkel Kessler II	Sky Box Office	32,000	^[278]
	Carl Froch vs. George Groves	Sky Box Office		^[279]
	Carl Froch vs. George Groves II	Sky Box Office	355,000	^[280]
	Tony Bellew vs. Nathan Cleverly II	Sky Box Office	131,000	^[281] ^[282]
	Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Manny Pacquiao	Sky Box Office	942,000	^[283] ^[284]
	Kell Brook vs. Frankie Gavin	Sky Box Office	139,000	^[285]
	Wladimir Klitschko vs. Tyson Fury	Sky Box Office	655,000	^[286]
	Anthony Joshua vs Dillian Whyte	Sky Box Office	699,000	^[287] ^[288]
	Carl Frampton vs. Scott Quigg	Sky Box Office	220,000	^[289] ^[290]
	Charles Martin vs Anthony Joshua	Sky Box Office	1,368,000	^[291]
	Anthony Joshua vs Dominic Breazeale	Sky Box Office	617,000	^[292]
	Gennady Golovkin vs. Kell Brook	Sky Box Office	752,000	^[293] ^[294]
	Anthony Joshua vs Éric Molina	Sky Box Office	764,000	^[295]
	Chris Eubank Jr. vs. Renold Quinlan	ITV Box Office	86,000	^[296]
	David Haye vs. Tony Bellew	Sky Box Office	1,515,000	^[297]
	Anthony Joshua vs. Wladimir Klitschko	Sky Box Office	1,631,000	^[298] ^[299] ^[300]
	Kell Brook vs. Errol Spence Jr	Sky Box Office	405,000	^[301]
	Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Conor McGregor	Sky Box Office	1,007,000	^[302]
	Anthony Joshua vs. Carlos Takam	Sky Box Office	1,009,000	^[303]
	Anthony Joshua vs. Joseph Parker	Sky Box Office	1,832,000	^[304]
	Tony Bellew vs. David Haye II	Sky Box Office	1,048,000	^[305]
	Dillian Whyte vs Joseph Parker	Sky Box Office	571,000	^[306] ^[307]
	Anthony Joshua vs. Alexander Povetkin	Sky Box Office	1,247,000	^[308]
	Oleksandr Usyk vs. Tony Bellew	Sky Box Office	819,000	^[309]
	Deontay Wilder vs. Tyson Fury	BT Sport Box Office	450,000	^[310]
	Dillian Whyte vs. Dereck Chisora II	Sky Box Office	532,000	^[311]
	Anthony Joshua vs. Andy Ruiz Jr.	Sky Box Office	652,000	^[312]
	Dillian Whyte vs Óscar Rivas	Sky Box Office	368,000	^[313]
	Vasiliy Lomachenko vs. Luke Campbell	Sky Box Office	205,000	^[314]
	Regis Prograis vs Josh Taylor	Sky Box Office	176,000	^[315]
	KSI vs. Logan Paul II	Sky Box Office	216,000	^[316]
	Andy Ruiz Jr. vs. Anthony Joshua II	Sky Box Office	1,575,000	^[317]
	Dillian Whyte vs. Alexander Povetkin	Sky Box Office	337,000	^[318]
	Oleksandr Usyk vs. Derek Chisora	Sky Box Office	1,059,000	^[319] ^[320] ^[321]
	Anthony Joshua vs. Kubrat Pulev	Sky Box Office	948,000	^[322]
	Alexander Povetkin vs. Dillian Whyte II	Sky Box Office	197,000	^[323] ^[324]
	Derek Chisora vs. Joseph Parker	Sky Box Office	145,000	^[325]
	Anthony Joshua vs. Oleksandr Usyk	Sky Box Office	1,232,000	^[326] ^[327] ^[328]
	Tyson Fury vs. Deontay Wilder III	BT Sport Box Office	300,000	^[329]
19 February 2022	Amir Khan vs Kell Brook	Sky Box Office	600,000	^[330]
20 August 2022	Oleksandr Usyk vs Anthony Joshua II	Sky Box Office	1,249,000	^[331]
3 December 2022	Tyson Fury vs Derek Chisora III	BT Sport Box Office	500,000	^[332]

Mixed martial arts (MMA)

The first pay-per-view mixed martial arts bout was Muhammad Ali vs. Antonio Inoki, which took place in Japan on . It sold at least buys on closed-circuit theatre TV.^[333] At a ticket price of $10,^[334] the fight grossed at least (inflation-adjusted) or more from closed-circuit theatre TV revenue in the United States.

Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC)

The highest buy rates for the UFC are as follows.

Note: The UFC does not release official PPV statistics, and the following PPV numbers are as reported by industry insiders. As of April 2019, all PPV's are iPPV's, with distribution on the internet exclusively via ESPN+.

Date	Event	Headline	Buy rate	Revenue
	UFC 229	Khabib vs. McGregor	2,400,000^[335]	^[336] ^[337]
Jul 10, 2021	UFC 264	Poirier vs. McGregor 3	1,800,000
	UFC 202	Diaz vs. McGregor 2	1,650,000	^[338] ^[339]
		Poirier vs. McGregor 2	1,600,000^[340]
	UFC 100	Lesnar vs. Mir	1,600,000^[341]	$82 million
Jan 18, 2020	UFC 246	McGregor vs Cowboy	1,353,429^[342]
	UFC 196	McGregor vs. Diaz	1,317,000	^[343]
			1,300,000^[344]	^[345]
		Alvarez vs. McGregor	1,300,000	^[346]
			1,200,000	^[347] ^[348]
	UFC 194	Aldo vs. McGregor	1,200,000	^[349]
			1,160,000	$55 million
			1,100,000	$60 million
		Nunes vs. Rousey	1,100,000	^[350] ^[351]
		Liddell vs. Ortiz 2	1,050,000	$53 million
			1,050,000	^[352] ^[353]
			1,050,000	$45 million
		Weidman vs. Silva II	1,025,000	^[354] ^[355]
		Couture vs. Lesnar	1,010,000	$47 million
			1,000,000	^[356]
			950,000
		Silva vs. Sonnen II	925,000
		St-Pierre vs. Penn 2	920,000
			900,000
		Bisping vs. St-Pierre	875,000
		Cormier vs. Jones 2	860,000
		Declaration	850,000
		Mendes vs. McGregor	825,000^[357]
		Błachowicz vs. Adesanya	800,000^[358]
			800,000
		Jones vs. Cormier	800,000
		St-Pierre vs. Koscheck 2	785,000
			770,000
			750,000
			725,000
	UFC 268	Usman vs. Covington 2	700,000
		Nemesis	700,000
		Jones vs. Evans	700,000
			700,000
		Jones vs. Gustafsson 2	700,000
		Usman vs. Masvidal 2	700,000^[359]
			700,000^[360]
			700,000^[361]
		Khabib vs. Gaethje	675,000^[362]
			675,000

Professional wrestling (United States)

WrestleMania I in March 1985 sold over 1million buys on closed-circuit theatre TV in the United States, making it the largest pay-per-view showing of a wrestling event in the US at the time.^[363]

PPV home television

The highest buy rates for professional wrestling events on pay-per-view home television are as follows.^[364]

No.	Event	Buy rate
1	WrestleMania 23	1,250,000^[365]
2	WrestleMania XXVIII	1,219,000^[366]
3	WrestleMania XXVII	1,124,000^[367]
4	WrestleMania 29	1,104,000^[368]
5	WrestleMania 21	1,090,000^[369]
6	WrestleMania XXIV	1,041,000^[370]
7		1,040,000
8		1,020,000
9		975,000
10		960,000
11		885,000
12		880,000
13		824,000
14		800,000
15		770,000
16		767,000

List of sportsmen with highest pay-per-view sales

This tables lists the sportsmen who have had the highest pay-per-view sales, with at least 10million buys. It includes sportsmen who have participated in boxing, mixed martial arts, and professional wrestling.

Sportsman	Closed-circuit theatre TV	PPV home television	Years	Sport(s)
Muhammad Ali			19631985	Professional boxing
				Mixed martial arts
				Professional wrestling
Joe Frazier			19651981	Professional boxing
George Foreman			19741993	Professional boxing
Floyd Mayweather Jr.		^[371]	20052017	Professional boxing
Floyd Mayweather Jr.		^[371]	20052017	Professional wrestling
Manny Pacquiao			20052019	Professional boxing
Mike Tyson			19882020	Professional boxing
Mike Tyson			19882020	Professional wrestling
Triple H			19942019	Professional wrestling
Conor McGregor		20152021	Mixed martial arts
Conor McGregor	Professional boxing	20152021
John Cena			20022021	Professional wrestling
The Rock			19982013
The Undertaker			19902020
Oscar De La Hoya			19952008	Professional boxing
Anthony Joshua			20152021	Professional boxing
Brock Lesnar		20022020	Professional wrestling
Brock Lesnar	Mixed martial arts	20022020
Evander Holyfield		^[372]	19842003	Professional boxing
Canelo Álvarez			20132023	Professional Boxing
Shawn Michaels			19882018	Professional wrestling

External links

Capsule history at sports 2/etv/P/htmlP/payperview/payperview.htm Museum of Broadcast Communications

Notes and References

Web site: YouTube enables pay-per-view option for live video streams. 2012-04-10. VentureBeat. 2019-04-04.
Book: Ezra, Michael. The Economic Civil Rights Movement: African Americans and the Struggle for Economic Power. 2013. Routledge. 9781136274756. 105.
News: History of Prizefighting's Biggest Money Fights. Bloody Elbow. SB Nation. August 24, 2017.
Book: Television. 1965. Frederick A. Kugel Company. 78. Teleprompter's main-spring, Irving B. Kahn (he's chairman of the board and president), had a taste of closed circuit operations as early as 1948. That summer, Kahn, then a vice president of 20th Century-Fox, negotiated what was probably the first inter-city closed circuit telecast in history, a pickup of the Joe Louis-Joe Walcott fight..
News: Zaire's fight promotion opens new gold mines. The Morning Herald. November 18, 1974.
FCC Squares Off to Face Subscription TV Dilemma", Broadcasting-Telecasting, November 15, 1954, p31-32
News: Zinoman . Jason . Bob Newhart Holds Up. . July 19, 2024 . New York Times . July 18, 2024.
Book: Woodrow . R. Brian . Woodside . Kenneth Bernard . The Introduction of Pay TV in Canada: issues and implications . IRPP . 1982 . 31 . 9780920380673.
Book: Mullen, Megan Gwynne. The Rise of Cable Programming in the United States: revolution or evolution?. registration. alan greenstadt channel 100.. 2003. University of Texas Press. 0-292-75273-3.
Book: Brooks, Ken. Ingemar Johansson: Swedish Heavyweight Boxing Champion. 2016. McFarland. 9781476620237. 150.
News: Floyd Favored 18-5 to Send Swede Home with Lumpy Head. Daily Inter Lake. March 13, 1961. 5.
News: Clay-Jones Fight First Garden Sellout in 13 Yrs. Traverse City Record-Eagle. March 13, 1963.
Web site: Steve Seepersaud . Money in Boxing: The Pay-Per-View Craze . https://web.archive.org/web/20070310081737/http://ca.askmen.com/sports/business_60/99_sports_business.html . dead . 2007-03-10 . Ca.askmen.com . 2011-11-03.
Web site: Steve Seepersaud . Money in Boxing: The Pay-Per-View Craze . Ca.askmen.com . 2011-11-03.
Web site: PayPerView.com – WWE Online Pay-Per-View . Whois.domaintools.com . 2011-11-03.
Web site: Mayweather-Hatton pay-per-view a smashing success . . 2007-12-17 . 2011-11-03.
Web site: Dan Rafael. Mayweather-Pacquiao on PPV 'a perfect storm'. ESPN. April 29, 2015.
Web site: Sports TV Ratings: How Many People Watched Mayweather vs. Pacquiao, The Kentucky Derby And NFL Draft?. International Business Times. 2015-05-04. 2016-06-30.
Web site: HBO's Taffet Still Stunned By 4.6M Buys For May-Pac. BoxingScene. November 10, 2015. May 2, 2016.
Kurt Badenhausen. Manny Pacquiao Set To Retire After Bradley Fight With $500 Million In Career Earnings. Forbes. April 9, 2015.
Web site: USA TODAY: Latest World and US News - USATODAY.com. USA TODAY. 1 November 2018. 23 December 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161223065126/http://boxingjunkie.usatoday.com/2016/11/15/bob-arum-manny-pacquiao-jessie-vargas-fight-300k-ppv-buys/. dead.
https://sports.yahoo.com/news/where-manny-pacquiao-ranks-among-the-biggest-ppv-boxing-draws-of-all-time-100354711-boxing.html Where Manny Pacquiao ranks among the biggest PPV boxing draws of all-time
https://books.google.com/books?id=VfvqxXaJcKEC&dq=%22put+fighters+like+Manny+Pacquiao+on+HBO+World%22&pg=PA133 The Boxing Scene
http://www.secondsout.com/usa/colhauser.cfm?ccs=208&cs=21089
Web site: – UFC PAY-PER-VIEW BUYS EXPLODE IN 2006. 2006-07-13. MMAWeekly.com. 2019-03-19.
Web site: UFC 52: Chuck strikes back. Yahoo! Sports. 24 May 2009 . 2019-03-18.
Web site: Report: UFC grosses $222 million in 2006 PPV buys. 2007-02-24. MMAmania.com. 2019-03-18.
Web site: UFC 229: Khabib vs. McGregor destroys previous MMA record for pay-per-views. Meltzer. Dave. 2018-10-11. MMA Fighting. 2019-03-18.
Web site: ESPN Extends With UFC; ESPN+ Becomes Exclusive PPV Provider. Sports Business Daily. 2019-03-18.
News: ESPN+ pay-per-view arrives on Hulu in time for UFC 262. Christian Balderas. fiercevideo.com. 2021-05-10. 2021-11-07.
News: Berkman . Seth. WWE Network Is Loud Introduction to the Video Streaming Ring . The New York Times . March 30, 2014 . August 14, 2014.
News: WrestleMania 34 sets Superdome, network records. 2018-04-09. Stamford Advocate. 2018-11-17.
Web site: Kilbane . Lyle . January 3, 2022 . WWE Reportedly Rebrand Pay-Per-Views Under New Name . January 5, 2022 . Inside the Ropes.
Web site: Spangler . Todd . 2021-01-25 . NBCU's Peacock Pins WWE Network Exclusive U.S. Streaming Rights . 2021-01-25 . Variety . en-US.
Web site: Hayes . Dade . 2021-01-25 . Peacock Adds Wrestling In WWE Network Streaming Exclusive . 2021-01-25 . Deadline . en-US.
Web site: Grateful Dead Farewell Concerts Set Pay Per View Record. Zumberge. Marianne. 2015-07-25. Variety. 2019-03-18.
News: Plan will drive fans to illegal streams. en-GB. BBC Sport. 2020-10-12.
Web site: BBC and Amazon to air games as Premier League ends PPV experiment. 2020-11-18. SportsPro Media. 13 November 2020.
Web site: Kilpatrick. Dan. 2020-10-20. Tottenham fans join support for food banks over Premier League PPVs. 2020-11-18. www.standard.co.uk. en.
Web site: Collings. Simon. 2020-10-26. Arsenal fans raise £34k for Islington Giving charity in PPV boycott. 2020-11-18. www.standard.co.uk. en.
Web site: Viewers Choice Canada Winding Down: Bell, Rogers-Owned Pay-Per-View Provider Closing Sept. 30. Kent. Gibbons. Multichannel News. 2014-07-22. 2014-07-23.
Web site: Digitalb – Pay per View :: Digigold . Digitalb.al . 2011-11-03 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20111101235216/http://www.digitalb.al/ppv/ . 2011-11-01 .
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Web site: 11 May 2021. Boxing: End of the pay-per-view era?. 2022-01-30. Tifosy Capital & Advisory.
News: The Promoters Loved the Fight But Some Fans Call It 'a Bore'. Detroit Free Press. March 10, 1971.
News: 'Bugner's British Bunch' Travels To See Ali Bout. The News-Press. February 2, 1973.
New Times. New Times. 1974. 3. 116. New Times Communications Corp.. No, if the Ali-Foreman story is just going to be about Race and Religion, forget the millions of dollars this fight can make, forget the shot in the arm this championship bout will give to boxing, forget gigundo grosses from the documentary movies of the fight, the training camps and that three-day black music festival in Zaire, forget that possible total of $100 million in revenues.
Book: Kabanda, Aloys. Ali/Foreman: le combat du siècle à Kinshasa, 29-30 octobre 1974 : introduit par une étude sur la République du Zaïre. 1977. Naaman. fr. Soit, pour Don King et ses amis, c'est la fin de leurs dépenses d'énergie pour trouver de l'argent nécessaire pour le coup le plus formidable jamais réalisé dans le show-boxing business et il prévoit une recette pouvant aller de 35 à 100 millions de dollars..
Karriem Allah. Black Belt. 1976. 35. Active Interest Media, Inc..
Web site: Muhammad Ali vs. Ken Norton (3rd meeting) . . September 17, 2018.
News: Roberto Duran, the brawler, and Sugar Ray Leonard, the... . . November 25, 1980.
Book: Heller, Peter . Bad Intentions: The Mike Tyson Story. Da Capo Press. 1995. 978-0-306-80669-8 . 270.
News: GRAND PRIZE IN ON-AGAIN RUDDOCK-TYSON II FIGHT IS HOLYFIELD . . May 21, 1991 . September 19, 2018 . September 19, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180919094404/https://www.deseretnews.com/article/163412/GRAND-PRIZE-IN-ON-AGAIN-RUDDOCK-TYSON-II-FIGHT-IS-HOLYFIELD.html . dead .
Van Riper . Tom . In Pictures: The 10 Biggest Pay-Per-View Fights . Forbes.com . 2008-11-24 . 2017-09-21.
News: King: Ruddock-Tyson II to return boxing's integrity . . March 27, 1991 . 2018-09-18 . 2013-12-16 . https://web.archive.org/web/20131216004104/http://articles.baltimoresun.com/1991-03-27/sports/1991086187_1_ruddock-tyson-boxing . dead .
News: PART 2: BOXING VS MMA GATES . . . January 7, 2006.
News: The Highest-Grossing PPV Boxing Matches of All Time . SportsBreak . December 16, 2017 . September 16, 2018 . September 16, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180916202234/https://www.sportsbreak.com/boxing/the-10-highest-grossing-ppv-boxing-matches-of-all-time/ . dead .
Web site: Top Boxing Gates . . September 17, 2018.
Business Week . . 1996 . 3500–3503 . McGraw-Hill . TYSON TKOs BRUNO in 5th round on Mar. 16. Revenues $98 million..
News: Tragedy Beckons Tyson The Thug, The Quitter . . July 5, 1997 . 2018-08-30 . 2018-08-30 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180830073857/http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1997-07-05/sports/9707050120_1_tyson-holyfield-ring . dead .
Web site: Highest Viewed Pay-Per-View Boxing Fights of All-Time . RealClearLife . September 14, 2018 . 26 August 2017.
News: McPolin . Sean . The 5 highest-grossing boxing fights of all time ahead of Mayweather vs McGregor . . February 15, 2017.
News: I've weighed the evidence and Oscar De La Hoya gets my verdict . February 3, 2012 . . December 6, 2008.
News: Mayweather-Hatton does stellar numbers . . December 17, 2007.
News: Mayweather-Marquez sold 1 million PPV buys . . September 25, 2009.
News: Pacquiao-Cotto tops Mayweather in PPV . Dan . Rafael . ESPN . 20 November 2009 .
News: Floyd Mayweather Jr.-Shane Mosley fight does 1.4 million pay-per-view buys . . May 11, 2010.
News: Breaking down the Pacquiao-Margarito attendance . . November 24, 2010.
News: Pacquiao-Mosley draws at least 1.3M PPV buys . . June 9, 2011.
News: Mayweather-Ortiz fight drives 1.25 million buys . . October 28, 2011.
News: Marquez-Pacquiao IV exceeds 1 million PPVs . . December 15, 2012.
News: Luarca . Roy . Pacquiao-Marquez 4 earns $70M in PPV . . December 16, 2012.
News: Isidore . Chris . Mayweather-Pacquiao rakes in a record $500 million . . . May 12, 2015.
Web site: Here's how much Anthony Joshua made for his stunning Wembley showpiece . . 30 April 2017 . 14 September 2018.
News: Mayweather Vs McGregor Super Fight Was One Of Most Pirated Ever . . August 29, 2017 . August 28, 2018 . August 5, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200805052100/https://www.unilad.co.uk/sport/mayweather-vs-mcgregor-super-fight-was-one-of-most-pirated-ever/ . dead .
News: Gray. James. Anthony Joshua vs Joseph Parker pay-per-view: Price, how to buy and book the fight. Daily Express. 31 March 2018.
News: No deal yet for heavyweight title fight between Anthony Joshua and Deontay Wilder . . June 12, 2018.
Hearn . Eddie . Eddie Hearn . 7 November 2019 . Boxing Roundtable: KSI Says "Bring On Justin Bieber!" . 31 December 2019 . Video . 2 minutes . . . Then I heard very quickly that they did 1.3 million pay-per-view buys..
News: Not many enjoyed the KSI vs Logan Paul boxing fight . . August 26, 2018.
Web site: KSI and Logan Paul probably generated up to $11 million with their YouTube boxing match. Ghosh. Shona. 28 August 2018. 28 August 2018 . Business Insider.
News: Joshua vs Povetkin: All the timing, pricing and booking information for Anthony Joshua vs Alexander Povetkin . . September 22, 2018.
News: Anthony Joshua vs Alexander Povetkin in pictures - all the boxing action and celebrities at Wembley Stadium . https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/boxing/2018/09/22/anthony-joshua-vs-alexander-povetkin-pictures-boxing-action/ . 2022-01-11 . subscription . live . . September 22, 2018.
Web site: EXCLUSIVE: Bob Arum reveals Fury vs Wilder PPV buys closer to 1.2m. 2020-02-28. WBN - World Boxing News. en. 2020-03-08.
News: NEWSWilder-Fury American PPV numbers fell short of projection . February 27, 2020.
News: Coppinger . Mike . Floyd Mayweather vs. Logan Paul fight exceeds 1 million PPV buys: Sources . en . The Athletic . 2022-11-10.
Web site: Dixon . Ed . 2021-06-10 . Reports: Mayweather v Logan Paul hits over 1m PPV buys on Showtime . 2022-11-10 . SportsPro . en-GB.
Attendance Data: TNT Reports on Fightcasts. Broadcasting. July 1951. 78. Broadcasting Publications.
News: Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. June 13, 1951. 19.
Theater TV: 200-House Web Could Create Own Programs. Billboard. February 9, 1952.
News: Joe Walcott Quits; 'Last King of Line'. The New York Age. September 27, 1952.
News: RAIN THREATENS HEAVYWEIGHT TITLE. Tucson Daily Citizen. September 23, 1952.
News: The Troy Record . April 19, 1956 .
News: Rocky KO's Moore . . September 22, 1955 .
News: Basilio Beats Robinson on Split Decision . . September 24, 1957 .
News: Robinson, Basilio Title Rout Tonight at Stadium Could Set Two Records . . September 23, 1957 .
News: Arizona Republic . May 12, 1959 .
Book: Romano, Frederick V. . The Golden Age of Boxing on Radio and Television: A Blow-by-Blow History from 1921 to 1964 . 2017 . Skyhorse Publishing . 9781631440755 . 164 .
Book: Levy . Alan H. . Floyd Patterson: A Boxer and a Gentleman . 2008 . . 9780786439508 . 78 . registration .
News: Redlands Daily Facts . June 30, 1959 .
Book: Fleischer . Nat . Andre . Sam . An Illustrated History of Boxing . 2002 . . 9780806522012 . 158 . A crowd of 31,892, who paid $824,814 and a closed-circuit TV audience of 500,000.
Book: Springer. Steve. Chavez. Blake. Hard Luck: The Triumph and Tragedy of "Irish" Jerry Quarry. 2011. Rowman & Littlefield. 9780762768639. 42.
News: Patterson Kayoes Johansson In Sixth To Keep Heavyweight Crown . . March 14, 1961.
Book: Myler . Thomas . The Mad and the Bad: Boxing Tales of Murder, Madness and Mayhem . 2018 . Pitch Publishing . 9781785314223 . 160 .
Book: Frazier. Joe. Joe Frazier. Berger. Phil. Smokin' Joe: The Autobiography of a Heavyweight Champion of the World, Smokin' Joe Frazier. 2013. AudioGO. 9781620642160. 104.
News: Invitation To Murder: Cassius May Get A Crack At Liston This Summer. The Courier-Journal. March 14, 1963.
Book: Unterharnscheidt . Friedrich . Unterharnscheidt . Julia Taylor . Boxing: Medical Aspects . 2003 . . 9780080528250 . 746 .
Book: Ezra, Michael. Muhammad Ali: The Making of an Icon. 2009. Temple University Press. 9781592136612. 82. Muhammad Ali's Main Bout: African American Economic Power and the World Heavyweight Title. https://books.google.com/books?id=Gh3rtDyeSAIC&pg=PA82.
Book: Ezra, Michael. The Economic Civil Rights Movement: African Americans and the Struggle for Economic Power. 2013. Routledge. 9781136274756. 109.
Book: Levy, Alan. Floyd Patterson: A Boxer and a Gentleman. 2008. McFarland. 9780786439508. 181. registration.
Book: Mee, Bob. Liston and Ali: The Ugly Bear and the Boy Who Would Be King. 2011. Mainstream Publishing. 9781907195655. 308.
News: Clay Selects Terrell As Next Title Foe . . November 23, 1965 .
Book: Ezra, Michael. The Economic Civil Rights Movement: African Americans and the Struggle for Economic Power. 2013. Routledge. 9781136274756. 114.
News: Terrell Gets Crack at Unbeaten Clay. The Philadelphia Inquirer. February 5, 1967.
News: Clay Predicts Victory. The Palm Beach Post. October 24, 1970.
Book: Ezra. Michael. Muhammad Ali: The Making of an Icon. 2009. Temple University Press. 9781592136612. 82.
News: Clay-Quarry fight to gross $3.5 million. Battle Creek Enquirer. November 10, 1970.
Book: Ryan, Joe. Heavyweight Boxing in the 1970s: The Great Fighters and Rivalries. 2013. McFarland. 9780786492497. 65.
News: Ali Wins On Decision. The Bee. September 29, 1976.
News: Ali, Norton both promise in tonight's title tilt. Battle Creek Enquirer. September 28, 1976.
News: The Last Hurrah isn't a box office knockout. Fort Lauderdale News. October 2, 1980.
News: Bardy. Dave. Leonard vs Duran June 20: Talking Is Over in Montreal. Washington Post. June 20, 1980.
Web site: Imagine A Day At The End Of Your Life: Larry Holmes-Gerry Cooney Revisited. Bad Left Hook. SB Nation. June 11, 2012.
News: How the Hagler-Leonard superfight changed the combat sports landscape. Wrestling Observer Newsletter. April 9, 2017.
News: Hagler Bout to Be Shown in City. The Oklahoman. October 29, 1985.
News: 'Superfight' becomes reality Monday. The Sentinel. April 4, 1987.
News: PAY-PER-VIEW CAN DRIVE CLOSED-CIRCUIT OFF SCREEN . . July 2, 1988.
News: Asher. Mark. TYSON-HOLYFIELD PACKED A BIG FINANCIAL WALLOP. Washington Post. July 5, 1997.
News: De la Hoya-Mayweather as it happened . . 6 May 2007.
News: TAKE FIVE: OSCAR DE LA HOYA VS. FLOYD MAYWEATHER JR., 'THE WORLD AWAITS' . . May 5, 2007 .
News: Mayweather-Pacquiao KO's PPV marks, live gate. ESPN. May 12, 2015.
KLTV fight plea is turned down. Broadcasting/Telecasting. 63. June–September 1962. 131. Broadcasting Publications.
Can the fine arts find a home on television?. Broadcasting. 1972. 83. 38. Broadcasting Publications Incorporated. Noting that many in the arts community have rested their hopes on pay cable, Mr. Jencks recalled that during a pay-TV experiment over WHCT(TV) Hartford, Conn., 96% of all viewing time was devoted to motion pictures and sports events. A single boxing match between Sonny Liston and Muhammad Ali, Mr. Jencks said, attracted nearly four times as many subscribers as the cumulative total of all 50 "educational features" offered by WHCT over a two-year period.. 2018-05-11. https://web.archive.org/web/20180511191906/http://www.projectstraightink.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/1972-12-11-BC-watermark.pdf#page=38. 2018-05-11. dead.
Book: Ezra, Michael. Muhammad Ali: The Making of an Icon. 2009. Temple University Press. 9781592136612. 83.
Book: Smith, Ronald A.. Play-by-Play: Radio, Television, and Big-Time College Sport. 2003. Johns Hopkins University Press. 9780801876929. 101.
Web site: Boxing on Primetime Network TV: Things Came To An End in The 90s. Boxing Insider. January 22, 2013.
http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1990-10-27/sports/9010270154_1_holyfield-douglas-evander Douglas-Holyfield Draws Record Pay-per-view Fans
https://books.google.com/books?id=764DAAAAMBAJ&dq=donny+lalonde+sugar+ray+leonard+pay-per-view&pg=PA50 Sugar Ray-Lalonde Bout is Richest Pay-TV Event
News: IRON MIKE IS UNDISPUTED PAY-PER-VIEW WORLD CHAMP . . January 21, 1998 . Tyson's lowest buy rate was in his first fight with Donovan (Razor) Ruddock, which registered 960,000 buys..
Web site: Emen . Jake . Biggest boxing PPVs of all time – UFC . https://web.archive.org/web/20101119233805/http://sports.yahoo.com/mma/news?slug=ac-7170256 . dead . 2010-11-19 . Sports.yahoo.com . 2011-10-30 . 2011-11-03.
http://www.boxinginsider.com/columns/boxing-on-primetime-network-tv-things-came-to-an-end-in-the-90s/ Low Numbers For Tyson-Botha
http://articles.philly.com/1992-11-13/sports/26007949_1_duva-and-finkel-tvko-holyfield-foreman-bout Pay-per-view Sales High For Holyfield-Bowe
Web site: Boxing Notebook: Chavez shows less is more . 2022-04-10 . UPI . en.
http://boxrec.com/media/index.php/Evander_Holyfield_vs._Riddick_Bowe_(1st_meeting)
https://www.nytimes.com/1995/04/21/sports/tv-sports-black-box-art-of-steal-per-view.html Black (Box) Art of Steal-Per-View
https://www.nytimes.com/1993/09/10/sports/view-from-pay-per-view.html View from Pay-Per-View
http://boxrec.com/media/index.php/Riddick_Bowe_vs._Evander_Holyfield_(2nd_meeting)
Web site: James Toney vs. Roy Jones Jr. . Box Rec . 2014-01-13.
Web site: About. com Top Pay Per View Events in Boxing History . about.com . 2014-03-15 . 2007-06-06 . https://web.archive.org/web/20070606234605/http://boxing.about.com/od/history/a/payperview.htm . dead .
News: Tyson's millions vanish with nothing to show . . April 5, 1998.
Bowe-Holyfield Knocks Out $26 Mil . Variety.com . 1995-11-12 . 2014-01-13.
http://boxing.about.com/od/history/a/payperview.htm Pay-Per-View History
News: Rawling awards Lewis clean sweep . BBC . 2000-11-12 . 2016-04-16.
Web site: Media notes . Sports Business Daily . 1997-11-14 . 2014-01-13 . 2014-01-16 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140116134637/http://m.sportsbusinessdaily.com/Daily/Issues/1997/11/14/Sports-Media/MEDIA-NOTES.aspx . dead .
https://www.nytimes.com/1999/01/20/sports/plus-boxing-low-numbers-for-tyson-botha.html Low Numbers For Tyson-Botha
http://www.cyberboxingzone.com/boxing/jb91800.htm
http://articles.philly.com/2000-11-11/sports/25612986_1_lewis-tua-jay-larkin-tyson-holyfield-ii Rarely A Pay-per-view Draw, Lewis Seeks Smashing Win
News: PLUS: TV SPORTS; LEWIS-TUA ATTRACTS 420,000 BUYERS . N.Y. Times article . 2000-11-16 . 2014-01-04 . Richard . Sandomir.
News: 525,000 Buys for Jones Bout . N.Y. Times article . 2003-03-05 . 2014-01-04 .
Web site: Marquez-Barrera pulls in $10.1 million in TV revenue . ESPN.com . 2007-03-24 . 2014-01-13.
News: Meltzer . Dave . Rousey preliminary pay-per-view numbers are strong . 24 January 2020 . . . 26 February 2013 . en.
Web site: Hasim Rahman vs. Lennox Lewis (2nd meeting) . BoxRec . 2015-01-03 . 2016-04-16.
Web site: Holyfield considering retirement . USA TODAY article . 2003-10-15 . 2014-01-13 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140116090701/http://www.majorwager.com/forums/mess-hall/128792-holyfield-considering-retirement.html . 2014-01-16 . dead .
http://www.fighthype.com/pages/content1828.html Roy Jones Jr. Says He's the Draw, But it He?
http://www.secondsout.com/usa-boxing-news/usa-boxing-news/tarver-v-jones-ii-ppv-did-360000-buys Tarver v Jones II PPV did 360,000 buys
http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/sports/dive-boxing-ratings-drop-hbo-canvas-article-1.631834 TAKING A DIVE Boxing ratings drop HBO to the canvas
http://www.boxingscene.com/mayweather-pacquiao-17-years-superfight-04-05--88942 Mayweather-Pacquiao: 17 Years to a Superfight - 04/05
http://www.boxingscene.com/forums/showthread.php?t=39053 Tyson-McBride 250,000 PPV Buys
Web site: HBO release PPV Tarver/Jones buys . SecondsOut.Com article . 2014-01-10.
http://www.boxingscene.com/mayweather-pacquiao-17-years-superfight-2006--89192 Mayweather-Pacquiao: 17 Years to a Superfight - 2006
News: Mosley-Vargas fight can't match first bout on PPV . 18 June 2020 . . . 20 July 2006.
Web site: Ricardo Mayorga vs. Oscar De La Hoya – Boxrec Boxing Encyclopaedia . Boxrec.com . 2011-11-03.
Web site: Mayweather-Pacquiao: 17 Years to a Superfight. BoxingScene. April 1, 2015.
Web site: Notebook: Manager says Gatti not retiring yet. ESPN. August 18, 2006.
News: Pacquiao fight sold $ 1.3-M tickets.(Sports News). https://web.archive.org/web/20181106182353/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-162477748.html. dead. 2018-11-06. Manila Bulletin. Nick Giongco.
Rold, Cliff (2015-04-09). "Mayweather-Pacquiao: 17 Years to a Superfight - 2007". BoxingScene. Retrieved 2015-04-09.
News: Floyd Mayweather Jr.-Shane Mosley fight does 1.4 million pay-per-view buys . LA.Times.com . 2010-05-11 . 2014-01-13.
News: HBO releases official PPV numbers . badlefthook.com . 2008-12-10 . 2021-04-04.
Web site: Juan Manuel Marquez vs. Manny Pacquiao (2nd meeting) . Boxrec.
http://www.boxingscene.com/mayweather-pacquiao-17-years-superfight-08-09--89810 "Mayweather-Pacquiao: 17 Years to a Superfight – 08-09"
http://www.badlefthook.com/2008/12/10/689182/hbo-releases-official-ppv "HBO releases official PPV numbers: 1.25 million"
Web site: Pacquiao-Hatton PPV numbers something to celebrate, even if Arum refuses. 2009-05-14.
Web site: Pacquiao-Cotto tops Mayweather in PPV . ESPN.com . 2009-11-20 . 2014-01-13.
Web site: Pacquiao-Clottey earns big PPV bucks . ESPN.com . 2010-03-23 . 2014-01-10.
News: Jones-Hopkins II does about 150K PPV buys. Bad Left Hook. 2017-07-06.
Web site: Manny Pacquiao generates another 1 million PPV buys . . 2010-11-23 . 2011-11-03.
Web site: Bout draws more than 1.3 million buys . Espn.go.com. 2011-06-09 .
Web site: The Numbers Are In! Mayweather-Ortiz Is Second Highest Grossing Non-Heavyweight Fight . Fighthype.com . 2011-10-28 . 2011-11-03.
Web site: Pacquiao vs Marquez III draws 1.4 million PPV . BoxingNews24 . December 13, 2011 . November 3, 2011.
Web site: "Fighting Words" — Deontay Wilder Gets A Reality Check - Boxing News. www.boxingscene.com. 15 June 2015 .
Web site: Floyd Mayweather-Miguel Cotto rakes in $94M in PPV sales. Espn.go.com . 2012-05-11. 2012-05-13.
Web site: Pacquiao-Bradley II set for April. . 2012-08-11.
Web site: Viewers flock to Martinez-Chavez . ESPN.com . 2012-09-21 . 2014-06-13.
Web site: Marquez-Pacquiao another big draw . ESPN.com . 2012-12-15 . 2012-12-15.
Satterfield, Lem (2013-05-10). "Mayweather-Guerrero: Over a million PPV buys" . The Ring. Retrieved 2015-04-30.
https://sports.yahoo.com/blogs/boxing/floyd-mayweather-canelo-alvarez-ppv-sales-2-2-213253910--box.html Floyd Mayweather and Canelo Alvarez PPV sales at 2.2 million, setting revenue record
https://sports.yahoo.com/blogs/boxing/top-rank-president-todd-duboef-says-bradley-marquez-215616185--box.html Top Rank president Todd duBoef says Bradley-Marquez pay-per-view did 375,000 sales
Web site: Manny Pacquiao-Brandon Rios fight sells 475,000 PPVs, according to HBO Sports . Sports.Yahoo . 2013-12-05 . 2013-12-20.
Web site: Canelo Alvarez scores on PPV . ESPN.com . 2014-03-14 . 2014-06-13.
Web site: Pacquiao-Bradley II numbers down . Espn.go.com. 2014-05-10 .
Web site: Source: Mayweather-Maidana II does 925,000 pay-per-view buys . Yahoo.Sports . 2014-09-18 . 2015-01-30.
Web site: Cotto-Martinez fight brings in disappointing pay-per-view audience . SI.com . 2014-06-26 . 2014-06-27.
Web site: Golovkin-Rubio up next? . ESPN.com . 2014-08-15 . 2014-08-29.
Web site: Pacquiao vs Algieri gets over 400K in PPV buys . 6 December 2014 . ABS-CBNnews.com.
Idec, Keith (2015-11-10). "HBO's Taffet Still Stunned By 4.6M Buys For May-Pac". BoxingScene. Retrieved 2017-06-29.
Web site: Bob Arum: Pacquiao-Bradley III lost money, had 'terrible' PPV numbers. Espn.go.com . April 21, 2016 .
Thompson, Ben (2015-10-20). "Golovkin vs. Lemieux does roughly 150,000 PPV buys" fighthype.com. Retrieved 2015-10-20.
[Dan Rafael|Rafael, Dan]
https://www.espn.com/boxing/story/_/id/15282539/manny-pacquiao-timothy-bradley-jr-iii-ppv-numbers-terrible-says-top-rank-promoter-bob-arum Manny Pacquiao-Timothy Bradley Jr. III PPV numbers 'terrible', says Top Rank promoter Bob Arum
[Dan Rafael|Rafael, Dan]
https://www.espn.com/blog/dan-rafael/post/_/id/16668/notes-arum-says-he-lost-about-100k-on-crawford-postol-ppv Arum says he lost about $100k on Crawford-Postol PPV
Web site: Canelo-Smith PPV: Golden Boy Pleased With 300K Buys. boxingscene.com . September 25, 2016 .
News: Bob Arum: Pacquiao-Vargas fight surpassed 300K PPV buys; Is Pacquiao-Mayweather II possible? . USA Today . November 15, 2016 . November 16, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161116160402/http://boxingjunkie.usatoday.com/2016/11/15/bob-arum-manny-pacquiao-jessie-vargas-fight-300k-ppv-buys/ . November 16, 2016 . dead . mdy-all .
Web site: Ward-Kovalev: $3.3 Million Live Gate From 10,066 Tickets Sold. BoxingScene. December 5, 2016 .
Web site: Loeffler Confirms Golovkin-Jacobs Did About 170K PPV Buys . BoxingScene . March 24, 2017 .
Web site: Canelo Alvarez-Julio Cesar Chavez Jr. hits 1 Million Pay-Per-View Buys . ESPN . May 19, 2017 .
Idec, Keith (June 28, 2017). "Ward-Kovalev Rematch Replay Peaked at 947K Viewers on HBO". BoxingScene. Retrieved June 29, 2017.
Web site: Mayweather vs. McGregor ends up second-biggest North American PPV ever. 1 November 2018. 2017-12-14.
Idec, Keith (September 27, 2017). "Report: Canelo-Golovkin Fight Produced 1.3 Million PPV Buys". BoxingScene. Retrieved September 27, 2017.
Rafael, Dan (September 25, 2018). "Canelo Alvarez-Gennady Golovkin rematch sold 1.1 million PPV buys". ESPN. Retrieved September 25, 2018.
News: Deontay Wilder v Tyson Fury hailed a heavyweight Pay-Per-View success . World Boxing News . December 5, 2018.
News: Pacquiao-Broner PPV sales hit 400,000, earn $30 million . January 25, 2019 . . January 24, 2019.
https://www.boxingscene.com/porter-talks-spence-cleveland-browns-during-fox-nfl-segment--142768 Porter Talks Spence, Cleveland Browns During Fox NFL Segment - Boxing News
Web site: Crawford vs. Khan does 150K PPV buys according to source. 2019-04-27. Boxing News 24. 2019-06-07.
News: Pacquiao vs. Thurman estimated at 500,000 buys . July 26, 2019 . Boxing News 24 . July 27, 2019.
News: Mike Coppinger on Twitter . October 12, 2019 . September 30, 2019.
News: Wilder vs. Ortiz Rematch PPV buys lands just north of. December 4, 2019. December 4, 2019.
News: ESTIMATE Wilder vs Fury 2 PPV buys estimated between 800-850k in North America, eclipsing Lewis vs Tyson in 2002 but falling short of Bob Arum's hopes . March 3, 2020.
News: Sources: Showtime's PPV doubleheader featuring the Charlo twins is expected to generate more than 100,000 buys with a chance to top out at 120,000 . Mike Coppinger . October 2, 2020 . October 2, 2020.
News: Gervonta Davis vs Leo Santa Cruz Reportedly Bring's In 200,000-225,000 PPV Buys . Mike Coppinger . November 5, 2020 . November 16, 2020.
News: Peter . Josh . Mike Tyson's return to boxing against Roy Jones Jr. generated more than $80 million in revenue . 9 December 2020 . . . 8 December 2020.
News: Jones . Sean . Errol Spence Jr vs. Danny Garcia does 250,000+ PPV buys . 11 December 2020 . Boxing News 24 . 10 December 2020.
1390810618677051392. MikeCoppinger. Mike Coppinger. Sources: The Andy Ruiz Jr.-Chris Arreola PBC on FOX PPV generated in excess of 125,000 buys at $49.99, and the fina…. 7 May 2021.
Web site: How many PPV buys did the Floyd Mayweather vs. Logan Paul fight generate? . 8 June 2021 . Deepit . Sharma . www.sportskeeda.com.
Web site: By Neelabhra Roy . Floyd Mayweather vs Logan Paul: How many PPV buys did fight do? . GiveMeSport . 2021-06-08 . 2021-12-26.
Web site: Coppinger . Mike . Sources: The Gervonta Davis-Mario Barrios Showtime PPV generated in excess of 200,000 buys . Twitter . 8 July 2021 . English . 5 Jul 2021.
Web site: Pacquiao-Ugás PPV flops . Josef . Ramos . September 3, 2021 . businessmirror.com.ph.
News: Report: Jake Paul vs. Tyron Woodley card sold approximately 500,000 pay-per-view buys. 2021-09-14. www.mmafighting.com. en-US. 2021-09-14.
News: Jake Paul vs. Tyron Woodley boxing match estimated to hit near 500,000 PPV buys. 2021-09-13. www.bloodyelbow.com. en-US. 2021-09-13.
Web site: Holland . Jesse . Fury vs Wilder 3 PPV buys: Domestic haul falls well below expectations . MMA Mania . 1 December 2021 . English . 14 Oct 2021.
Web site: Rafael . Dan . Canelo vs. Plant pay per view numbers prove P4P king's starpower . World Boxing News . 1 December 2021 . English . 12 Nov 2021.
1462957617462927367. KevinI. Kevin Iole. The #CrawfordPorter PPV did approximately 190k units.. 23 November 2021.
Web site: Allan Binoy . Bob Arum Gives Terence Crawford the Boot: â€˜We've Lost Money on Every Fight' . EssentiallySports . 2 December 2021. 2021-12-26.
1471430857470713860. RealRickGlaser1. Rick Glaser. Lost in #LeonardEllerbe's hoopla, failure to release #TankDavis PPV buys is he didn't have to, I did, I was nice sa…. 16 December 2021.
1470455171729739790. RealRickGlaser1. Rick Glaser. So many want to know #TankDavis PPV number, it "tanked" way below 100,000. Out of respect for those in powers that…. 13 December 2021.
Web site: Double denial issued after 'inaccurate' Gervonta Davis PPV sales report . Worldboxingnews.net . 2021-12-13 . 2021-12-26.
Web site: Christ . Scott . Canelo vs GGG 3 PPV buys and a breakdown of boxing's recent numbers . Bad Left Hook . 16 January 2023 . English . September 21, 2022.
1532420317792051200. DanRafael1. Dan Rafael. Per source involved in last week's event, the #DavisRomero Showtime PPV will generate nearly 275k domestic buys, which will represent @Gervontaa's best selling of his 4 PPV events. The replay of the fight will open Showtime's tripleheader telecast on Saturday night. #boxing. 2 June 2022.
Web site: Eddie Hearn Reveals Canelo Vs GGG 3 PPV Buys Around 850k From The US. 22 September 2022 .
Web site: Deontay Wilder – Robert Helenius Pulls In Around 75,000 PPV Buys. October 25, 2022 . 18 April 2023.
Web site: Stern . Adam . Davis-Garcia sells over 1.2M PPV, draws $22.8M gate . Sports Business Journal . 30 April 2023 . English . 26 April 2023.
Web site: Rafael . Dan . Notebook: Haney-Loma fallout: PPV total, protest, lobbying, fine . Substack . 15 July 2023 . English . 25 May 2023.
limited . Register . DanRafael1 . 1687153318554906624 .
Web site: Weekly viewing summary . Broadcasters' Audience Research Board . 5 February 2019.
Book: Haynes, Richard. BBC Sport in Black and White. 2016. Springer. 9781137455017. 213.
Book: Forrester, Chris . Business of Digital Television . 2013 . . 9781136029783 . 151–152 . Average BSkyB [...] 1996 [...] 5m [...] 1997 [...] 5.8m [...] UK-based boxing promoter, Frank Warren in June 1997 described championship boxing as: the most honest form of TV [...] Our first match (Bruno v Tyson) created a 14 per cent buy-rate (660 000 subs) even at 5 a.m. 'Judgement Night' got 420 000 subs (9 per cent). The 'Night of Champions' 720,000 buys or 15.5 per cent and the 'Brit Pack' on May 3 [1997] achieved a 6 per cent buy rate.
Book: Boyle . Raymond . Haynes . Richard . Power play: sport, the media and popular culture . 2009 . . 9780748635931 . 141–142 . An estimated 420,000 ppv customers watched the event, bringing BSkyB's 50 per cent share in the revenue to more than £25 million. 'Judgement Night' augured a new experience for fans of boxing, packaged and glossily delivered by television. [...] In the run-up to 'Judgement Night' Evans argued that Hamed thrived on the adrenaline rush of 'putting on a show' as much as he appeared to relish 'the pleasurable anticipation' of knocking out his opponent..
News: McGuigan's patience of Job jab at the Prince . . 10 February 1997.
News: British Face-Off #11 - Robin Reid v Henry Wharton . . 19 November 2013.
News: Davies. Gareth A.. Ricky Hatton shatters viewing record. https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/boxing/2329041/Ricky-Hatton-shatters-viewing-record.html . 2022-01-11 . subscription . live. The Daily Telegraph. 20 December 2007.
News: Satellites keep shining stars from our gaze. Irish Independent. 5 May 2018.
News: Mitchell . Kevin . Boxing: BBC chase Hamed TV deal . . 14 January 2001.
News: Haye looks for heavyweight payday. Lalani. Zahid. 2011-06-29. BBC News. 2018-05-12.
News: Welch. Ben. Joshua vs Klitschko set for record pay-per-view sales. Daily Mirror. 18 October 2017.
News: Pacquiao vs Mosley Could Be Highest-Selling Pacquiao PPV Ever . Bad Left Hook . . . May 12, 2011.
News: MORE THAN 100,000 WATCHED KHAN. https://web.archive.org/web/20090804035754/http://www.boxingnewsonline.net/BN08/detail.asp?id=1215. dead. 4 August 2009. Boxing News. 4 August 2009.
News: Lalani. Zahid. Haye looks for heavyweight payday. BBC News. 29 June 2011.
Web site: Weekly viewing summary (Sky Box Office Events buys between 29 March 2010 and 4 April 2010). Broadcasters' Audience Research Board. 4 May 2018.
News: Khan-McCloskey does well on Primetime PPV. Boxing News 24. 17 April 2011.
Web site: Weekly viewing summary (Sky Box Office Events buys between 1326 September 2010). Broadcasters' Audience Research Board. 4 May 2018.
Web site: Weekly viewing summary (Sky Box Office Events buys between 619 December 2010). Broadcasters' Audience Research Board. 4 May 2018.
News: Frank Warren on Khan-Judah, Froch-Johnson, More. 4 June 2011. BoxingScene.
Web site: Weekly viewing summary (Sky Box Office Events buys between 1622 May 2011). Broadcasters' Audience Research Board. 4 May 2018.
Web site: Weekly viewing summary (Sky Box Office Events buys between 13-19 June 2011) . Broadcasters' Audience Research Board. 19 August 2023.
Web site: Weekly viewing summary (Sky Box Office Events buys between 20-26 June 2011) . Broadcasters' Audience Research Board. 8 September 2019.
Web site: Weekly viewing summary (Sky Box Office Events buys between 27 June-3 July 2011) . Broadcasters' Audience Research Board. 8 September 2019.
Web site: Weekly viewing summary (Sky Box Office Events buys between 2026 May 2015). Broadcasters' Audience Research Board. 4 May 2018.
Web site: Weekly viewing summary (Sky Box Office Events buys between 18 November 2013 and 1 December 2013). Broadcasters' Audience Research Board. 4 May 2018.
Web site: Weekly viewing summary (Sky Box Office Events buys between 26 May 2014 and 1 June 2014). Broadcasters' Audience Research Board. 4 May 2018.
Web site: Weekly viewing summary (Sky Box Office Events buys between 17 and 23 November 2014). Broadcasters' Audience Research Board. 24 September 2023.
Web site: Weekly viewing summary (Sky Box Office Events buys between 24 and 30 November 2014). Broadcasters' Audience Research Board. 24 September 2023.
News: UK broadcasters are in a bidding war to show Mayweather v McGregor — and it could break box office records. Business Insider. 26 July 2017.
Web site: Weekly viewing summary (Sky Box Office Events buys between 20 April10 May 2015). Broadcasters' Audience Research Board. 3 March 2020.
Web site: Weekly viewing summary (Sky Box Office Events buys between 2531 May 2015). Broadcasters' Audience Research Board. 4 May 2018.
Web site: Weekly viewing summary (Sky Box Office Events buys between 2329 November 2015). Broadcasters' Audience Research Board. 4 May 2018.
News: Big Fight UK Boxing PPV Buys Revealed Over Last 18 Months. Boxing News and Views. 31 May 2017.
Web site: Weekly viewing summary (Sky Box Office Events buys between 720 December 2015). Broadcasters' Audience Research Board. 22 February 2020.
Web site: Weekly viewing summary (Sky Box Office Events buys between 2228 February 2016). Broadcasters' Audience Research Board. 4 May 2018.
News: Eddie Hearn believes Whyte-Chisora could do TWENTY TIMES more PPV buys than Warrington-Frampton -. 2018-09-14. 2018-09-15.
Web site: Weekly viewing summary (Sky Box Office Events buys between 28 March10 April 2016). Broadcasters' Audience Research Board. 22 February 2020.
Web site: Weekly viewing summary (Sky Box Office Events buys between 2026 June 2016). Broadcasters' Audience Research Board. 4 May 2018.
News: Canelo Alvarez's shrinking pay-per-view audience not expected to surpass 300,000 buys. 2016-09-22. Los Angeles Times. 2017-09-16. 0458-3035. https://web.archive.org/web/20160923004945/http://www.latimes.com/sports/boxing/la-sp-sn-boxing-canelo-alvarez-pay-per-view-buys-smith-20160922-snap-story.html. 23 September 2016. live. dmy-all.
Web site: Weekly viewing summary (Sky Box Office Events buys between 518 September 2016). Broadcasters' Audience Research Board. 22 February 2020.
Web site: Weekly viewing summary (Sky Box Office Events buys between 25 November18 December 2016). Broadcasters' Audience Research Board. 22 February 2020.
News: Eubank Jr, Canelo and the Diminishing Value of the Boxing Pay-Per-View . First Class Boxing . February 8, 2017.
News: The staggering amount Joshua will pocket from Klitschko fight [Sun]]. 2017-04-26. GiveMeSport. 2018-05-12.
http://www.barb.co.uk/viewing-data/weekly-viewing-summary/ "Sky Box Office Events: buyrates between April, 24 and April 30, 2017"
News: McKenna . Chris . Anthony Joshua to receive stunning record purse for Joseph Parker fight . . 31 March 2018 . en.
News: Jay . Phil . Joshua vs Klitschko UK PPV record . 10 January 2020 . World Boxing News . 5 January 2020 . en.
Web site: Weekly viewing summary (Sky Box Office Events buys between 15 May4 June 2017). Broadcasters' Audience Research Board. 4 May 2018.
Web site: Weekly viewing summary (Sky Box Office Events buys between 1427 August 2017). Broadcasters' Audience Research Board. 4 May 2018.
Web site: Weekly viewing summary (Sky Box Office Events buys between 2329 October 2017). Broadcasters' Audience Research Board. 4 May 2018.
Web site: Weekly viewing summary (Sky Box Office Events buys between 26 March 2018 and 1 April 2018). Broadcasters' Audience Research Board. 4 May 2018.
Web site: Weekly viewing summary (Sky Box Office Events buys between 30 April 2018 and 6 May 2018). Broadcasters' Audience Research Board. 2 June 2018.
Web site: Weekly viewing summary (Sky Box Office Events buys between 23 July 2018 and 29 July 2018). Broadcasters' Audience Research Board. 2 June 2018.
News: Whyte vs Parker: All the timing, pricing and booking details for the Sky Sports Box Office event. Sky Sports. 2018-07-26.
Web site: Weekly viewing summary (Sky Box Office Events buys between 17 September 2018 and 30 September 2018). Broadcasters' Audience Research Board. 20 October 2018.
Web site: Weekly viewing summary (Sky Box Office Events buys between 5 November 2018 and 11 November 2018). Broadcasters' Audience Research Board. 27 November 2018.
News: Deontay Wilder-Dominic Breazeale and the heavyweight puzzle . 9 June 2019 . . 23 May 2019.
Web site: Weekly viewing summary (Sky Box Office Events buys between 10 December 2018 and 23 December 2018). Broadcasters' Audience Research Board. 4 January 2019.
Web site: Weekly viewing summary (Sky Box Office Events buys between 27 May 2019 and 9 June 2019). Broadcasters' Audience Research Board. 21 June 2019.
Web site: Weekly viewing summary (Sky Box Office Events buys between 8 July 2019 and 21 July 2019). Broadcasters' Audience Research Board. 24 August 2019.
Web site: Weekly viewing summary (Sky Box Office Events buys between 26 August 2019 and 1 September 2019). Broadcasters' Audience Research Board. 15 September 2019.
Web site: Weekly viewing summary (Sky Box Office Events buys between 21 October 2019 and 27 October 2019). Broadcasters' Audience Research Board. 14 November 2019.
Web site: Weekly viewing summary (Sky Box Office Events buys between 4 November 2019 and 10 November 2019). Broadcasters' Audience Research Board. 23 November 2019.
Web site: Weekly viewing summary (Sky Box Office Events buys between 2 December 2019 and 8 December 2019). Broadcasters' Audience Research Board. 25 December 2019.
Web site: Weekly viewing summary (Sky Box Office Events buys between up until 13 September 2020, Total Three Screen Viewing (As Viewed), Four Week Reach. Broadcasters' Audience Research Board. 11 June 2021.
Web site: Weekly viewing summary: Sky Box Office Events buys between 19 and 25 October 2020, C7 TV Set (As Broadcast). Broadcasters' Audience Research Board. 13 December 2020.
Web site: Weekly viewing summary: Sky Box Office Events buys between 26 October and 1 November 2020, C7 TV Set (As Broadcast). Broadcasters' Audience Research Board. 13 December 2020.
Web site: Weekly viewing summary: Sky Box Office Events buys between 2 and 8 November 2020, C7 TV Set (As Broadcast). Broadcasters' Audience Research Board. 13 December 2020.
Web site: Weekly viewing summary: Sky Box Office Events buys between 16/22 November 2020 and 14/20 December 2020, Total Three Screen Viewing (As Viewed). Broadcasters' Audience Research Board. 14 June 2021.
Web site: Weekly viewing summary: Sky Box Office Events buys between 15 and 21 March 2021, C7 TV Set (As Broadcast). Broadcasters' Audience Research Board. 13 September 2020.
Web site: Weekly viewing summary: Sky Box Office Events buys between 22 and 23 March 2021, C7 TV Set (As Broadcast). Broadcasters' Audience Research Board. 13 September 2020.
Web site: Weekly viewing summary (Sky Box Office Events buys between up until 23 May 2021, Total Three Screen Viewing (As Viewed), Four Week Reach. Broadcasters' Audience Research Board. 11 June 2021.
Web site: Weekly viewing summary: Sky Box Office Events buys between 11 and 17 October 2021, C7 TV Set (As Broadcast). Broadcasters' Audience Research Board. 3 December 2021.
Web site: Weekly viewing summary: Sky Box Office Events buys between 20 September and 26 September 2021, C7 TV Set (As Broadcast). Broadcasters' Audience Research Board. 3 December 2021.
Web site: Weekly viewing summary (Sky Box Office Events buys between up until 17 October 2021, Total Three Screen Viewing (As Viewed), Four Week Reach. Broadcasters' Audience Research Board. 11 June 2021.
Web site: Kettle. Harry. 2021-10-15. Fury vs Wilder 3 PPV buys fall well short of pre-fight goal. 2021-10-16. BJPenn.com. en-US.
Web site: Monthly Viewership Summary in the United Kingdom . 27 September 2022 . barb.co.uk.
Web site: Usyk vs Joshua 2 PPV numbers revealed, Fury price rise expected. World Boxing News. 16 September 2022 . 30 September 2022.
Web site: HE IS P***ED OFF! - Frank Warren says NO FURY VS JOSHUA next year, HEARN TALK. 2022-12-30. Seconds Out. en.
Book: Stravinsky, John. Muhammad Ali. 1998. Literary Express. 9781581650457. 133. Probably the dullest event in sports history, it was watched by millions over closed-circuit television as well as by suckers in Tokyo who forked over $1,000 per ringside seat..
News: Bull. Andy. The forgotten story of ... Muhammad Ali v Antonio Inoki. The Guardian. November 11, 2009.
Web site: Coleman . Joe . Conor McGregor vs Donald Cerrone reaches two million PPV buys as 'The Notorious' makes record-breaking UFC return . Talksport . 22 January 2020 . 12 February 2021.
News: Live UFC 229 PPV Feed, Streaming Updates With Flyin' Brian! . MMA Mania . . October 6, 2018.
News: UFC 229 draws 20,034 fans, falls just shy of live gate record. MMAjunkie.com. Steven Marrocco. 2018-10-07. 2018-10-07.
Web site: How to Order UFC 202 McGregor vs. Diaz 2 PPV. Tim. Keeney. 19 August 2016.
Web site: July 21, 2018 . Top MMA Gates . Nevada State Athletic Commission.
Web site: UFC 257: Conor McGregor vs. Dustin Poirier does blockbuster PPV numbers, per reports. mmajunkie.usatoday.com. Staff. 2021-01-25. 2021-01-26.
Web site: Dawson . Alan . The 55 best-selling pay-per-view fight nights in history . Business Insider . 1 April 2020.
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News: Keeney . Tim . How to Order UFC 196: McGregor vs. Diaz PPV Online, on TV . . March 5, 2016.
Web site: Sources: UFC 251 generates around 1.3 million PPV buys, most since 2018. theathletic.com. Mike Coppinger. 2020-07-13. 2020-07-14.
Web site: UFC 251 PPV Numbers Are In and They Are Huge. Nasir. Jabbar. 14 July 2020.
Web site: How to Order UFC 205 McGregor vs. Alvarez PPV. Tim. Keeney. 12 November 2016.
News: Keeney . Tim . How Much Does the UFC 200 PPV Cost? . . July 8, 2016.
News: UFC 200 draws announced 18,202 fans for $10.7 million live gate at new T-Mobile Arena. mmajunkie.com. . 2016-07-10. 2016-07-10.
News: Keeney . Tim . How to Order UFC 194: Aldo vs. McGregor PPV Online, on TV . . December 12, 2015.
News: Keeney . Tim . How Much Does the UFC 207 PPV Cost? Are There Any Deals? . Heavy.com . December 28, 2016.
News: UFC 207 draws sold-out 18,533 attendance, a Las Vegas UFC record, for $4.75 million live gate. mmajunkie.com. . 2016-12-31. 2016-12-31.
News: UFC® 114 OFFICIALLY SOLD OUT . . May 27, 2010.
News: NSAC corrects UFC 114 attendance and gate; promotion's estimates nearly spot-on. mmajunkie.com. June 9, 2010. June 30, 2012. https://archive.today/20120630015355/http://mmajunkie.com/news/19456/nsac-corrects-ufc-114-attendance-and-gate-promotions-estimates-nearly-spot-on.mma. dead.
News: UFC 168 pay-per-view price shoots up $5.00 . . December 15, 2013.
Web site: Final UFC 168 gate ranks second all-time for MMA in Nevada in excess of $6.2 million. MMAjunkie Staff. January 6, 2014. January 6, 2014.
Web site: Pay-Per-View Events with Comcast Digital Cable . https://web.archive.org/web/20081217095922/http://www.comcast.com/Corporate/Programming/Comingevents.ashx . dead . December 17, 2008 . . December 17, 2008.
Web site: McCarry . Patrick . Conor McGregor's title win may not have pulled as many PPVs as the UFC first claimed . SportsJOE.ie . 6 February 2021.
Web site: Martin . Adam . Report - UFC 259 sold 800,000 pay-per-views worldwide . BJPenn . 11 March 2021 . 11 March 2021.
Web site: Alexander . Mookie . Report: UFC 261 generated over 700,000 domestic pay-per-view buys . Bloody Elbow . 27 April 2021 . 28 April 2021.
Web site: UFC 249 generates over 700,000 PPV buys on ESPN+ . sports.yahoo.com. Kevin Iole. 2020-05-12. 2020-05-12.
Web site: Sources: UFC 253 generated more than 700,000 PPV buys globally. theathletic.com. Mike Coppinger. 2020-10-01. 2020-10-02.
Web site: UFC 254: Khabib vs. Gaethje reportedly sells 500K pay-per-view buys in the U.S.. mmafighting.com. Damon Martin. 2020-10-29. 2020-10-29.
News: Wrestlemania In Photographs: 1-10. Sportskeeda. April 1, 2017.
Web site: WWE PPV Pay-Per-View Buyrates . 2XZONE.com . October 20, 2018.
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Web site: 2020-03-25 . WWE/WWF Pay-Per-View (PPV) Buys (Buyrates) . 2024-04-06 . Wrestlenomics . en-US.
Web site: 2020-03-25 . WWE/WWF Pay-Per-View (PPV) Buys (Buyrates) . 2024-04-06 . Wrestlenomics . en-US.
Web site: 2020-03-25 . WWE/WWF Pay-Per-View (PPV) Buys (Buyrates) . 2024-04-06 . Wrestlenomics . en-US.
Web site: 2020-03-25 . WWE/WWF Pay-Per-View (PPV) Buys (Buyrates) . 2024-04-06 . Wrestlenomics . en-US.
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