Patty Explained

Patty
Alternate Name:Burger
Type:Main dish, Sandwich
Served:Hot
Main Ingredient:Ground meat, meat alternatives, vegetables, grains, and/or legumes

A patty is a flattened, usually round, serving of ground meat or legumes, grains, vegetables, or meat alternatives. Patties are found in multiple cuisines throughout the world.

The ingredients are compacted and shaped, usually cooked, and served in various ways.

Etymology

The term originated in the 17th century as an English alteration of the French word pâté, originally meaning a pastry with a meat filling, and later the filling itself.[1]

Terminology

The term "patty" is used in many varieties of English, but less frequently in Britain and Ireland than in the United States.[2] Merriam-Webster defines it as "a small flat cake of chopped food",[3] Cambridge as "pieces of food, especially meat, formed into a thin, circular shape and then usually cooked".[4] In some countries, patties may be called "discs."[5]

Similar-shaped cakes not made from ground beef may also be called "burgers": "fish burgers" may be made from reshaped mechanically separated meat.[6] Patties made from chicken meat may be called chicken patties.

Veggie burger patties are made without meat and instead use legumes, grains, other mixed vegetables, and/or soy products such as tofu or tempeh or seitan, a product made of wheat gluten, often mixed with a binding agent.[7] [8] [9]

Variations and serving styles

Croquettes

Patties can be breaded and deep-fried, producing croquettes such as crab cakes.[10] In Ireland, traditional chippers often serve batter burgers (a beef-based patty dipped in batter and deep fried). A batter burger served as a sandwich is called a wurly burger, and is believed to have been invented by the Mona Lisa chipper in Crumlin, Dublin.[11] In Japan the Korokke is an example.[12] Rissoles are meat (typically beef), or fish and other ingredients, coated in breadcrumbs or less frequently battered, and deep-fried; they are found in various European cuisines.[13]

Cutlets

Patties can be treated as a cutlet and eaten with a knife and fork in dishes like Salisbury steak, the German Hamburg steak, or the Serbo-Croatian pljeskavica, or with chopsticks in dishes such as Songjeong tteok-galbi.[14] [15] Other examples include the Russian Pozharsky cutlet.[16] [17]

Fritters

Aloo tikki is a potato patty that originated in the Indian subcontinent.[18] A related dish is ragda pattice, which covers the potato patty in a gravy.[19]

An arepa is a dish of maize and other ingredients shaped into a patty and griddled; it has been eaten in parts of Central and South American since pre-Columbian times.[20]

Quenelles

Gefilte fish is often served as a quenelle, a patty shaped into a flattened egg.[21]

Sandwich fillings

Patties are often served as sandwiches, typically in buns, making a type of sandwich called a "burger", or a hamburger if the patty is made from ground beef, or sometimes between slices of bread. An American patty melt is a ground beef patty topped with melted cheese (typically Swiss) served on toasted bread, typically rye.[22]

In Ireland, traditional chippers often serve sandwiches called spice burgers.[23] The spice burger is made to a specific recipe developed in the early 1950s by pork butcher Maurice Walsh, and later manufactured and sold by Walsh Family Foods Limited[24] and then Keystone Foods.[25]

In Japan and Korea, a ground beef patty is sometimes served as a sandwich on a "bun" made of compressed rice; the sandwich is called a rice burger.[26]

Tartares

Some patties, like steak tartare and Middle Eastern kibbeh nayeh, are served raw.[27] [28]

Commercial production

Commercially produced patties are machine-formed.

With mass-produced patties, it is not uncommon to find them with seemingly abnormal shapes or a bumpy perimeter. These groove-like bumps are caused by the machine that forms the patties. They are used in production to keep the patties in line, so they will not fall off the assembly line, and can be manipulated by the various machines. In other boxed patties, small punctures can be seen in the top and bottom sides of the patty. These punctures are there for similar reasons.

See also

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Patty . 24 September 2020 . Oxford English Dictionary . en.
  2. Google ngrams comparison of the phrase "hamburger patty/ies" in US and UK English. https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=(hamburger+patty_NOUN%2Bhamburger+patties_NOUN)%3Aeng_gb_2012%2C(hamburger+patty_NOUN%2Bhamburger+patties_NOUN)%3Aeng_us_2012&year_start=1800&year_end=2008&corpus=18&smoothing=3&share=&direct_url=t1%3B%2C%28%28hamburger%20patty_NOUN%20%2B%20hamburger%20patties_NOUN%29%3Aeng_gb_2012%29%3B%2Cc0%3B.t1%3B%2C%28%28hamburger%20patty_NOUN%20%2B%20hamburger%20patties_NOUN%29%3Aeng_us_2012%29%3B%2Cc0
  3. Web site: Definition of PATTY. 24 September 2020. www.merriam-webster.com. en.
  4. Web site: PATTY definition in the Cambridge English Dictionary. 24 September 2020. dictionary.cambridge.org. en-US.
  5. News: Malkin. Elisabeth. 6 April 2019. 'Veggie Discs' Could Replace Burgers Under European Food Labeling Proposal. en-US. The New York Times. 24 September 2020. 0362-4331.
  6. Potentiality of Using Mechanically Separated Meats of Nile Tilapia in Fishburgers: Chemical, Physical and Sensory Characterization. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology. 28 November 2019. 10.1590/1678-4324-2019180436 . 25 September 2020. Costa . Denise Pinheiro Soncini da . Gonçalves . Tania Maria Vinturin . Conti-Silva . Ana Carolina . 62 . 213932907 . 11449/200142 . free .
  7. Web site: What's Inside Your Veggie Burger? . 8 October 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171223153739/http://www.care2.com/greenliving/whats-inside-your-veggie-burger.html . 23 December 2017 . dead .
  8. Web site: 10 June 2016. A Breakdown of What's Inside Your Veggie Burger. 24 September 2020. Spoon University. en-US.
  9. Web site: 8 July 2011. How It's Made: Veggie Burgers. https://web.archive.org/web/20131007181443/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AqwfbUbKw1I . 2013-10-07 . dead. 24 September 2020. Science Channel.
  10. Web site: 22 July 2012. Bitter Strikes Brought Deviled Crabs Cigar City Magazine. https://archive.today/20120722074331/http://www.cigarcitymagazine.com/food/item/bitter-strikes-brought-deviled-crabs. dead. 2012-07-22. 24 September 2020. archive.vn.
  11. News: Mullally. Una. 23 May 2011. On the batter for National Fish and Chips Day. 2020-09-25. The Irish Times. en.
  12. Web site: Korokke no Rekishi (The history of Korokke).
  13. http://www.foodsofengland.co.uk/rissoles.htm Rissoles
  14. Web site: Tteok-galbi. ko:떡갈비. 2 August 2017. Korean Food Foundation. ko. 2 August 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170802165721/http://www.hansik.org/kr/board.do?cmd=view&bbs_id=202&menu=PKR3020000&lang=kr&art_id=37513. dead.
  15. News: Bartholomeusz. Rachel. 5 May 2016. Is there a wrong way to use chopsticks?. SBS. 2 August 2017.
  16. Павел Сюткин, Ольга Сюткина. Непридуманная история русской кухни. Котлетная история. Moscow: Астрель, 2015 (in Russian). .
  17. Н. А. Лопатина. История пожарских котлет. Тверь: ТО "Книжный клуб", 2014 (in Russian).
  18. Web site: At Houses Of Worship, Women Serve Food For A Higher Purpose. 24 September 2020. NPR. en.
  19. Web site: Ragda Patties: The Crispy Potato Patty and Chickpea Curry Combination That Will Set Your Heart Racing. 24 September 2020. NDTV Food.
  20. News: Arepas Are Conquering The World — But Dying At Home In Venezuela. NPR. 24 October 2017.
  21. Book: Marks, Gil. Encyclopedia of Jewish Food. 17 November 2010. HMH. 978-0-544-18631-6. en.
  22. Web site: Ellis-Christensen. Tricia. . What is a Patty Melt?. 17 June 2014. Wisegeek.
  23. News: Legal row over spice burger 'secret recipe' . 25 August 2009. RTÉ. 29 September 2009.
  24. Web site: Kelly. Fiach. 1 October 2009. Spice Burger secret is safe as recipe row settled. 24 September 2020. Irish Independent. en.
  25. Web site: Flanagan. Peter. 3 February 2012. Popular Spice Burger saved as Walsh firm is taken over. 24 September 2020. Irish Independent. en.
  26. Book: Walker, Harlan. Food on the Move: Proceedings of the Oxford Symposium on Food and Cookery, 1996. 1997. Oxford Symposium. 978-0-907325-79-6. en.
  27. Book: Murrey, Thomas Jefferson. Cookery for Invalids. White Stokes & Allen. 1887. 1st. New York City. 30–33. Eating Before Sleeping. 24 December 2013. https://books.google.com/books?id=YjgFAAAAYAAJ&dq=Hamburg+steak&pg=PA1. PDF.
  28. Book: Marks, Gil. Encyclopedia of Jewish Food. 17 November 2010. HMH. 978-0-544-18631-6. en.

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